著者

足達 太郎 小路 晋作 高須 啓志 MIDEGA Charles A. O. KHAN Zeyaur R. MOHAMED Hassan RUTHIRI Joseph M. 中村 傑 TAMO Manuele YUSUF Sani R.

出版者

東京農業大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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アフリカの食用作物栽培ではかねてより、おとり作物の利用や混作といった持続的手法がもちいられてきた。本研究では、こうした手法がトウモロコシやササゲなどの食用作物を加害する害虫やその天敵の生態にどのような影響をおよぼすのかをあきらかにした。さらにこれらの手法を、昆虫病原ウイルスや導入天敵といったあらたな害虫防除資材とくみあわせることにより、合理的かつ経済的な環境保全型害虫管理体系を構築することを検討した。

著者

unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet von A. Engler und K. Prantl fortgesetzt von A. Engler

出版者

W. Engelmann

巻号頁・発行日

1889

著者

Kurniawan Muhammad T. A.

出版者

立命館大学国際関係学会

雑誌

立命館国際関係論集

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.1-23, 2011-10

著者

Charbonneau P. Ikeda A. Meel J. A. van Miyazaki K.

出版者

American Physical Society

雑誌

Physical review E (ISSN:15393755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.04, pp.040501, 2010-04

被引用文献数

30 13

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There exists a variety of theories of the glass transition and many more numerical models. But because the models need built-in complexity to prevent crystallization, comparisons with theory can be difficult. We study the dynamics of a deeply supersaturated monodisperse four-dimensional (4D) hard-sphere fluid, which has no such complexity, but whose strong intrinsic geometrical frustration inhibits crystallization, even when deeply supersaturated. As an application, we compare its behavior to the mode-coupling theory (MCT) of glass formation. We find MCT to describe this system better than any other structural glass formers in lower dimensions. The reduction in dynamical heterogeneity in 4D suggested by a milder violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation could explain the agreement. These results are consistent with a mean-field scenario of the glass transition.

著者

真島 顕子 石田 毅 野島 伸仁 椎名 正明 ルイス・A・マルケス

出版者

サレジオ工業高等専門学校

雑誌

サレジオ工業高等専門学校研究紀要 (ISSN:18812538)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.63-68, 2010

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English is recognized as the global language, while other foreign languages are usually referred to as "the second foreign languages" and tend to be considered less important in higher education, especially in technical colleges, in Japan. Some technical colleges minimize the number of foreign language classes and some haveeven closed them down completely. This trend is being encouraged by the recent emphasis on English education and the difficulties in employing full-time or even part-time teachers for such classes. However, our research has found that students wish to have a chance to learn the second foreign languages at school.Therefore, we strongly believe in the importance of learning foreign languages along with English and retaining them in the curriculums. This can help us on the road to true international understanding.

著者

A.トレンデレンブルク著 日下部吉信訳

出版者

松籟社

巻号頁・発行日

1985

著者

大舩 ちさと 和栗 夏海 フロリンダ アンパロ A パルマヒル フランチェスカ M ヴェントゥーラ

出版者

独立行政法人国際交流基金

雑誌

国際交流基金日本語教育紀要 (ISSN:13495658)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.135-150, 2011-03

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フィリピンでは2009年6月から教育省により日本語が選択外国語科目として試験的に導入されたことを 受け、報告者らは高校生向け日本語リソース型教材の開発に取り組んでいる。教育省の掲げる目標を受 け、本教材ではフィリピンの高校生が身に付けるべき力を、「Curiosity」を有し「Self-improvement」し ながら、「Discover and Fulfill one's MISSION」を目指すものと位置づけた。そして、これらの力を身に 付けたか否かを確認する方法として、【内省する力】、【学習をモニターする力】、【管理する力】を見 ることにした。学校教育では期末試験として筆記試験が実施されることが多いが、これらの力の評価に は適さないため、報告者らは筆記試験では測れない力を測る評価ツールの開発を試みた。本稿では、こ の評価ツールの概要と開発にあたり考慮した点、現場からのフィードバックについて報告する。

著者

Kumagai T. Shiotari A. Okuyama H. Hatta S. Aruga T. Hamada I. Frederiksen T. Ueba H.

出版者

Nature Publishing Group

雑誌

Nature Materials (ISSN:14761122)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-11-27

被引用文献数

107

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もっとも軽い元素である水素原子(プロトン)の連続リレー移動反応の直接観察と微視的機構を世界で初めて確立. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2011-11-28.

著者

Fumio Terasaki Hiroshi Okamoto Katsuya Onishi Akira Sato Hiroaki Shimomura Bin Tsukada Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida Michiaki Hiroe Toshimichi Yoshida Yasushi Kitaura Akira Kitabatake Study Group for Intractable Diseases by a Grant from the Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare of Japan

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.327-330, 2007 (Released:2007-02-25)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

60 72

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Background Tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is specifically expressed at high levels during embryonic development, but not in the adult heart. TN-C reappears at sites of inflammatory tissue remodeling or wound healing under various pathologic conditions, such as acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, and some cases of cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the expression of TN-C might be useful for detecting the clinical characteristics of, and ventricular remodeling in, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and Results Circulating serum TN-C levels in 107 patients with DCM were measured using an ELISA kit. Clinical data were also assessed by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis to estimate correlations between variables. Serum TN-C levels in DCM patients were higher than those in normal controls (p<0.001). TNC levels showed a significantly positive correlation with New York Heart Association functional class (p<0.001), B-type natriuretic peptide level (p<0.001), cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-ray (p<0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (p<0.05) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (p<0.01), and a significantly negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0.01). Conclusions The findings suggest that increased serum TN-C levels indicate the severity of heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in patients with DCM. (Circ J 2007; 71: 327 - 330)

著者

Leroi-Gourhan A. 高橋 壯

出版者

名城大学人文研究会

雑誌

名城大学人文紀要 (ISSN:02878224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-22, 2002-09

著者

A.K.

出版者

公益社団法人日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

造船協会雑纂 (ISSN:03861597)

巻号頁・発行日

no.114, 1931-09

著者

Rocío de la Vega Irina A. Heinisuo Alicia E. López-Martínez Elena R. Serrano-Ibáñez Gema T. Ruíz-Párraga Carmen Ramírez-Maestre Rosa Esteve

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.12, pp.768-776, 2023 (Released:2023-12-01)

参考文献数

26

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[Purpose] Non-invasive and drug-free interventions for pain are being developed. One of them is ANF (which stands for “Amino Neuro Frequency”) Therapy®, which consists in the application of carbonized metal devices on a patient’s skin. We aimed to: 1) test perceived changes in pain intensity after ANF application, 2) record frequency and severity of side effects, 3) assess clinician and patient satisfaction, 4) explore effects on swelling and range of motion (ROM). [Participants and Methods] In this real-world multisite observational study, N=113 physical therapists in 45 countries, applied ANF to N=1,054 patients (Mage=45.2, 56.2% female) with pain complaints. Demographic data, pain intensity (NRS-11), effects of ANF on swelling and ROM, clinician and patient satisfaction and side effects were collected. [Results] Main pain locations were: low back (14.9%), knee (12.4%), neck (10%), and shoulder (9.6%). Pre-treatment pain intensity was high (Mean=7.6, SD=1.9). It significantly decreased post-treatment (Mean=3.1, SD=2.0), t(1053)=7.25, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d=2.2). Swelling decreased and ROM increased. Average satisfaction with ANF was 92/100. Patients often experienced mild side effects (42.3%): dry mouth, headache and fatigue. [Conclusion] Results show large effect sizes, high satisfaction, and mild and short-term side effects. This is very promising but should be interpreted with caution considering the study limitations.

著者

The Working Group for Renaming Diabetes Insipidus Hiroshi Arima Timothy Cheetham Mirjam Christ-Crain Deborah Cooper Mark Gurnell Juliana B Drummond Miles Levy Ann I McCormack Joseph Verbalis John Newell-Price John A H Wass

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.11, pp.1281-1284, 2022 (Released:2022-11-28)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 5

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“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose/By any other name would smell as sweet.” (Juliet, from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare). Shakespeare’s implication is that a name is nothing but a word and it therefore represents a convention with no intrinsic meaning. Whilst this may be relevant to romantic literature, disease names do have real meanings, and consequences, in medicine. Hence, there must be a very good rational for changing the name of a disease that has a centuries-old historical context. A working group of representatives from national and international endocrinology and pediatric endocrine societies now proposes changing the name of “diabetes insipidus” to “Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (AVP-D)” for central etiologies, and “Arginine Vasopressin Resistance (AVP-R)” for nephrogenic etiologies. This editorial provides both the historical context and the rational for this proposed name change.

著者

Sahar Y. Al-Okbi Shaimaa E Mohammed Enas S.K. Al-Siedy Naglaa A. Ali

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.7, pp.771-782, 2020 (Released:2020-07-02)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2 4

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The role of fish oil, primrose oil and their mixture in ameliorating the changes in Alzheimer’s like model was evaluated in rats. Primrose oil and primrose/fish oil mixture fatty acids composition was assessed by gas chromatography. The rat experiment consisted of 5 groups; the first fed on balanced diet as control normal (CN); the other four groups treated with intraperitoneal aluminum lactate and consumed dyslipidemic diet; one group served as control Alzheimer’s like disease (CA) while the other three groups (test groups) received daily oral dose from primrose oil, fish oil and primrose/fish oil mixture separately for 5 weeks. Results showed primrose oil and primrose/ fish oil mixture to contain gamma linolenic acid as 9.15 and 4.3% of total fatty acids, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic were present as 10.9 and 6.5 %, respectively in the oil mixture. Dyslipidemia and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO with decrease in plasma magnesium, brain catalase, reduced glutathione, body weight gain and brain weight were demonstrated in CA compared to CN. Brain histopathology and immuno-histochemistry showed neuronal degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles with elevated myeloperoxidase and nuclear factor-kappa B in CA compared to CN. The tested oils demonstrated neuro-protection reflected in the variable significant improvement of biochemical parameters, immuno-histochemistry and brain histopathology. Primrose/fish oil mixture was superior in reducing ESR, brain MDA, plasma activity of BChE and brain histopathological changes along with elevating plasma magnesium. Primrose/fish oil mixture and fish oil were more promising in improving plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than primrose. Fish oil was the most efficient in improving plasma total cholesterol (T-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol and T-C /HDL-C. Primrose/fish oil mixture and primrose oil were superior in elevating brain catalase compared to fish oil. Other parameters were equally improved by the different oil treatments. Primrose oil, fish oil and their mixture reduced the progression of Alzheimer’s disease in rats with superiority to primrose/fish oil mixture.

著者

Seine A. Shintani

出版者

The Biophysical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biophysics and Physicobiology (ISSN:21894779)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.85-95, 2021 (Released:2021-04-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

5

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The effects of high pressure (40–70 MPa) on the structure and function of myofibrils were investigated by high pressure microscopy. When this pressure was applied to myofibrils immersed in relaxing solution, the sarcomere length remained almost unchanged, and the A band became shorter and wider. The higher the applied pressure, the faster the change. However, shortening and widening of the A band were not observed when pressure was applied to myofibrils immersed in a solution obtained by omitting ATP from the relaxing solution. However, even under these conditions, structural loss, such as loss of the Z-line structure, occurred. In order to evaluate the consequences of this pressure-treated myofibril, the oscillatory movement of sarcomere (sarcomeric oscillation) was evoked and observed. It was possible to induce sarcomeric oscillation even in pressure-treated myofibrils whose structure was destroyed. The pressurization reduced the total power of the sarcomeric oscillation, but did not change the average frequency. The average frequency did not change even when a pressure of about 40 MPa was applied during sarcomeric oscillation. The average frequency returned to the original when the pressure was returned to the original value after applying stronger pressure to prevent the sarcomere oscillation from being observed. This result suggests that the decrease in the number of myosin molecules forming the crossbridge does not affect the average frequency of sarcomeric oscillation. This fact will help build a mechanical hypothesis for sarcomeric oscillation. The pressurization treatment is a unique method for controlling the structure of myofibrils as described above.

著者

Kazunori Omote Barry A. Borlaug

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.8, pp.1039-1046, 2023-07-25 (Released:2023-07-25)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

8

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The left atrium (LA) plays an important role in facilitating left ventricular (LV) filling by acting as a reservoir, passive conduit, and active booster pump, as well as a regulator of blood volume through A-type natriuretic peptide secretion in response to stimulation by mechanical stretch of the cavity. LA myopathy has emerged as one of the most important non-LV contributors to disease progression in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LA dysfunction is common in HFpEF and is associated with more severe pulmonary vascular disease and right ventricular dysfunction, and increases the risk of incident atrial fibrillation or atrial functional mitral regurgitation, leading to limitations in cardiac output reserve and reduced exercise capacity. LA deformation assessed by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is useful for estimating abnormal hemodynamics or exercise capacity, discriminating HFpEF from non-cardiac dyspnea and is an independent predictor of adverse outcome in HFpEF. Thus, interventions directly targeting LA myopathy may improve outcomes in HFpEF with LA myopathy. This review provides information regarding the physiology of the LA in patients with HFpEF and discusses the importance of evaluation of LA function, management issues, and future directions through ongoing trials of medical interventions.

著者

鈴木 康夫 徐 桂雲 WEBSTER Robe ITZSTEIN Mar WARD Peter A XU Guiyun VON ITZSTEIN Mark WEBSTER Rob 宮本 大誠

出版者

静岡県立大学

雑誌

国際学術研究

巻号頁・発行日

1995

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近代病理学の基礎を築いたウィルヒョウ(Virchow)は、すべての病気は細胞の異常に起因する、という「細胞病理学」を確立した。細胞が生命を維持し、複製していくためには、核酸とタンパク質は必須であることは言うまでもない。本研究では、遺伝子の支配を直接受けない第3の生命鎖である糖鎖に焦点を当て、その機能を病気との関連において分子レベルで明らかにすることを目標とし、「糖鎖病理学」ともいえる領域に踏み込む研究を行うことを心がけた。この背景として、著者は、細胞表面の糖脂質、糖タンパク質糖鎖の構造と機能に関する研究を続けてきた.この過程で多細胞生物を構築する細胞はさまざまな接着の形を通して生物個体全体のシステムを維持しており、この乱れが疾患として認識されること、細胞の接着の多くが糖鎖を介して行われることを明らかにして来た.すなわち、糖鎖を介する細胞-細胞間、細胞-バクテリア間、細胞-ウイルス間の接着および認識が病態と深く関わることに注目していた。本研究では、初年度は、主に脈管系の糖鎖を介する接着分子(セレクチン群)の病態への関わりを中心とした研究を行い、次年度はこれに加えて、ウイルス(特にインフルエンザウイルス)の感染における糖鎖認識接着分子の分子生物学的研究を加えた。脈管系細胞には、サイトカインなどの刺激により発現される新しい糖鎖認識レセプタータンパク質群(セレクチンファミリー;E-セレクチン、L-セレクチン、P-セレクチン)があり、これらは、リンパ球のホ-ミング、好中球やリンパ球の血管内皮細胞への接着と炎症組織への遊走、血小板同士の凝集や、原発癌細胞の転移、浸潤などに深く関わることが我々の研究を含め明らかにされつつある.我々は、本研究において、L-セレクチンやP-セレクチンの新しい糖鎖性リガンドとして硫酸化糖鎖を見出し、さらに、腎炎や肺炎の発症や癌細胞の転移には標的細胞膜の硫酸化糖鎖へのL-およびP-セレクチンを介したリンパ球や血小板の接着が深く関わることを明らかにした。セレクチンファミリーは新しいレクチン様接着分子であり、白血球のローリングによる血管内皮細胞への接着開始において免疫学上極めて重要な役割を担うと同時に、続いて起こるスーパーオキシドやプロテアーゼ産生による組織細胞の損傷などさまざまな病態発現とも深く関わるタンパク質である。本研究では、硫酸化糖脂質であるスルファチドが、L-およびP-セレクチンと特異的に結合する糖鎖リガンドであること、L-およびP-セレクチン依存性の肺炎、腎炎さらに肝炎などを強力に阻止できることなどを見出した。また、スルファチドは、Bリンパ球上に存在しTリンパ球には存在しないこと、Bリンパ球の分化、増殖および抗体産生に深く関わることなど、免疫学上重要な現象を明らかにすることができた。さらに、スルファチドは、TNF-αの産生を抑制し、エンドトキシンショックの予防に極めて有効であることを見出すことができた。一方、インフルエンザウイルスはウイルス膜に宿主細胞表面の糖鎖性受容体への結合に必須なヘマグルチニン、および受容体を破壊する酵素(ノイラミニダーゼ)を有している。インフルエンザA型ウイルスは、ヒトのみならずブタ、トリ、ウマなど多くの動物にも感染し、世界的大流行を起こす。この原因は、ウイルスヘマグルチニンおよびノイラミニダーゼの変異に起因する。本研究においては、ヒトおよび動物インフルエンザウイルスが認識する糖鎖性受容体の構造を明らかにし、次いで、どのようにして宿主の壁を超えるのかという宿主変異機構の一端を分子生物学的に解明できた。すなわち、インフルエンザウイルスヘマグルチニンの変異は、主として抗体による圧力の他に、受容体認識特異性、すなわちシアル酸分子種[N-アセチルノイラミン酸(Neu5Ac)、N-グリコリルノイラミン酸(Neu5Gc)]認識特異性とシアル酸の結合様式(Neu5Aα2-3Galβ1-,Neu5Acα2-6Galβ1-)に対する認識特異性によるウイルスの選択が重要な因子であることを見出した。さらに、このシアル酸結合様式の認識特異性の発現にはLeu226のアミノ酸が極めて重要な役割をしていることも解った。以上の成果は、研究分担者である、Peter A.Ward教授(ミシガン大学・医学部・病理)、Robert G.Webster博士(St.Jude Children's Res.Hospial,Memphis・ウイルス学、分子生物学部門)、Mark von Itzstein教授(Monash University,Victorian College of Pharmacy)、徐 桂雲博士(中国科学院、化学研究所)との共同研究により成された。心より謝意を表するものである。

著者

Silvano Gallus Alessandra Lugo Chiara Stival Sonia Cerrai Luke Clancy Filippos T. Filippidis Giuseppe Gorini Maria José Lopez Ángel López-Nicolás Sabrina Molinaro Anna Odone Joan B. Soriano Olena Tigova Piet A. van den Brandt Constantine I. Vardavas Esteve Fernandez the TackSHS Project Investigators

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.276-284, 2023-06-05 (Released:2023-06-05)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns, and settings of use are available from several European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017–2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ⩾15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.Results: 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–2.7%) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (ie, users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden; in particular, at workplaces (34.9%) and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (P for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (P for trend = 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI, 1.80–7.30).Conclusion: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine, and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.

著者

A.R.ワレース著 内田嘉吉訳

出版者

南洋協会

巻号頁・発行日

1931

著者

コスタノフ A.I コジェブニコワ ダリア

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究院北方研究教育センター

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.99-108, 2023-03-25