著者

野口 有生 平戸 久美子 斉藤 裕 高崎 克哲 矢内原 巧 中山 徹也 Yusei NOGUCHI Kumiko HIRATO Hiroshi SAITO Katsunori TAKASAKI Takumi YANAIHARA Tetsuya NAKAYAMA 昭和大学医学部産科婦人科学教室 昭和大学医学部産科婦人科学教室 昭和大学医学部産科婦人科学教室 昭和大学医学部産科婦人科学教室 昭和大学医学部産科婦人科学教室 昭和大学医学部産科婦人科学教室 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Showa University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Showa University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Showa University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Showa University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Showa University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Showa University School of Medicine

雑誌

日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 = Acta obstetrica et gynaecologica Japonica (ISSN:03009165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.359-364, 1988-03-01

被引用文献数

1

---

分娩時ヒト子宮頚部組織における遊離アラキドン酸生成能と, それに及ぼす妊娠性ステロイドの影響を調べる目的で次の実験を行ない, 以下の成績を得た. 1) 正常分娩のヒト子宮頚部組織800g上清を酵素源とし, L-3-phosphatidylcholine, 1-stearoyl-2-[1-^<14>C]arachidonylを基質とし, インキュベーションを行ない, 遊離されたアラキドン酸産生量よりphospholipase A_2活性を測定し, 更に各種のkineticsを行ない, ヒト子宮頚部組織内でリン脂質より遊離アラキドン酸産生に介在するphospholipase A_2活性が存在することを示した. 2) 培養液中に妊娠中増加する各種の妊娠性ステロイド(cortisol, pregnenolone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, pregnenolone-sulfate, DHA, DHA-sulfate, estrone, estradiol, estriol)を添加し, 本酵素活性に及ぼす影響を検討した. 各種妊娠性ステロイド添加では, 本酵素活性に対し, 明らかに影響を示すものはなかつた. 3) 分娩第1期に母体にDHA-sulfate (マイリス) 600mgを2時間で点滴静注した後, 分娩に至つたDHA-sulfate投与群と非投与正常分娩例との本酵素活性の比較では, 投与群40±13pmoles/mg protein であり, 非投与正常分娩例の39±7pmoles/mg proteinと比し差はみられなかつた. 以上のことよりヒト妊娠子宮頚部に, phospholipase A_2活性が存在することが明らかとなり, また, 本実験条件下ではprostaglandin合成機構の一過程であるphospholipase A_2活性に対する妊娠性ステロイドの関与は認められなかつた.Prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in cervical ripening. It is known that the hydrolytic release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids regulates the rate of PG formation. To study the PG biosynthesis in cervical tissue, phosphatidylcholine containing ^<14>C-arachidonic acid in Sn-2 position was incubated with the 800 × g supernatant of cervical tissue obtained from pregnant women at delivery. The only recognizable radiolabeled metabolite, ^<14>C-arachidonic acid, was found on an autor-adiogram of TLC, which corresponded to authentic arachidonic acid. Therefore, phospholipase A_2 activity was calculated as the rate of the release of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine under the conditions used. The optimal pH of phospholipase A_2 activity in 800 × g supernatant was found to be 7.0. It was found that the addition of Ca^<2+> increased the enzyme activity. It was demonstrated that the concentrations of DHA-sulfate (DHA-S) and conjugated estrogens were higher in ripened cervical tissue than in non-ripened tissue and that PGI_2 and PGE_2 production increased following the addition of DHA-S. The effects of steroids mainly derived from feto-placental unit, cortisol, pregnenolone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, pregnenolone-sulfate, DHA, DHA-S, estrone, estradiol and estriol on arachidonic acid release were also studied in vitro. After the onset of labor, DHA-S was administered to the patients in vivo and their cervical tissues were collected at delivery. It was found that steroids including DHA-S did not affect phospholipase A_2 activity under the conditions used. These results indicate that cervical tissue posseses the ability to release arachidonic acid from phospholipid, although this step in PG formation might not be affected by steroids including DHA-S.

著者

Masanori Tamaki Kazutoshi Miyashita Aika Hagiwara Shu Wakino Hiroyuki Inoue Kentaro Fujii Chikako Fujii Sho Endo Asuka Uto Masanori Mitsuishi Masaaki Sato Toshio Doi Hiroshi Itoh

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.Suppl., pp.S47-S51, 2017 (Released:2017-06-24)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

25

---

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs physical performance in humans, which leads to a risk of all-cause mortality. In our previous study, we demonstrated that a reduction in muscle mitochondria rather than muscle mass was a major cause of physical decline in 5/6 nephrectomized CKD model mice. Because ghrelin administration has been reported to enhance oxygen utilization in skeletal muscle, we examined the usefulness of ghrelin for a recovery of physical decline in 5/6 nephrectomized C57Bl/6 mice, focusing on the epigenetic modification of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The mice were intraperitoneally administered acylated ghrelin (0.1 nmol/gBW; three times per week) for a month. Muscle strength and exercise endurance were measured by using a dynamometer and treadmill, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was determined by quantitative PCR. The methylation levels of the cytosine residue at 260 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation point (C-260) of PGC-1α, which has been demonstrated to decrease the expression, was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing methods after the ghrelin administration. Ghrelin administration improved both muscle strength and exercise endurance in the mice and was associated with an increase in muscle mass and muscle mitochondrial content. Ghrelin administration decreased the methylation ratio of C-260 of PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle and increased the expression. Therefore, ghrelin administration effectively reduced the physical decline in 5/6 nephrectomized mice and was accompanied with an increased mitochondrial content through de-methylation of the promoter region of PGC-1α in the muscle.

著者

Tokumoto Hiroshi トクモト ヒロシ 徳本 洋志

出版者

大阪大学

巻号頁・発行日

1977-03-18

---

03835

著者

Chiharu ISHII Tetsuya MIYAMOTO Shoto ISHIGO Yurika MIYOSHI Masashi MITA Hiroshi HOMMA Tadashi UEDA Kenji HAMASE

出版者

クロマトグラフィー科学会

雑誌

CHROMATOGRAPHY (ISSN:13428284)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017.009, (Released:2017-06-04)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

15

---

The formation of D-amino acid residues in proteins is considered as one of the deterioration processes, and the determination of these D-amino acid residues is highly expected for the screening of new biomarkers under various disease conditions. In the present study, a two-dimensional (2D) HPLC-MS/MS system following the hydrolysis with deuterium chloride (2HCl/2H2O) and derivatization of amino acids with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) has been designed/developed and applied to the analysis of proteins stored under various conditions. As the target, 5 major D-amino acid residues (Ala, Asp, Glu, Pro and Ser) were selected. The analytical procedure was validated using a model peptide, NH2-Gly-Pro-Glu-Ala-Asp-Ser-Gly-OH, and the obtained calibration lines of %D for the 5 target amino acids were linear with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. The RSD values for the intra-day precision and inter-day precision were lower than 5%. In most of the proteins tested, the amounts of the D-Ser and D-Asp residues increased during storage, and the highest value (14%, D-Ser) was observed in ovalbumin (OVA) after storage at pH 9.5 for 4 weeks.

著者

Michihito TAGAWA Chihiro KURASHIMA Genya SHIMBO Hiroshi OMURA Kenji KOYAMA Noriyuki HORIUCHI Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI Keiko KAWAMOTO Kazuro MIYAHARA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.957-961, 2017 (Released:2017-06-10)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4

---

A three-year-old spayed domestic short-haired cat presented for evaluation of weight loss, cardiomegaly and pleural effusion. Echocardiographic examination demonstrated a thickened pericardium with mild pericardial effusion and a large volume of pleural effusion characterized by exudate. Although the cat was treated with antibiotics, the clinical symptoms did not improve. The cat developed dyspnea and died on day 7. Necropsy revealed a large amount of modified transudates ascites, pleural effusion and markedly dilated pericardium. Histopathological examination revealed severe exudation of fibrin and granulation tissue in a thick layer of the epicardium. The cat was diagnosed with fibrinous pericarditis secondary to bacterial infection.

著者

Maiko Akutagawa Kazuki Ide Yohei Kawasaki Mie Yamanaka Ryo Iketani Hiroshi Yamada Naohiko Masaki

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.b17-00354, (Released:2017-06-09)

参考文献数

30

---

To compare the rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events for telaprevir-based triple (T/PR) and pegylated interferon-alfa-2b and ribavirin (PR) therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients over the age of 65 years, in Japan.Retrospective analysis of the health data of patients over the age of 65 years treated for a HCV infection genotype 1 using T/PR or PR therapy, from 38 prefectures in Japan. The primary outcome was the rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events for T/PR and PR. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the prevalence and type of adverse events during the treatment period that resulted in treatment discontinuation for both therapies. For comparison, the T/PR and PR populations were matched using the propensity score method, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for treatment discontinuation calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.The study group included 1330 patients, 328 in the T/PR group and 1002 in the PR group. The rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events in the matched population was lower for T/PR (19.82%) than PR (35.98%) therapy, (adjusted OR, 0.418; 95% confidence interval, 0.292-0.599; p < 0.01). Malaise was the principal cause of treatment discontinuation in both groups (T/PR, 30.77%, and PR, 42.37%).Using real-world health data of elderly individuals in Japan, we identified a lower rate of treatment discontinuation for T/PR than PR. Our outcomes provide information for a segment of the population that is generally excluded for clinical trials.

著者

Yasuyuki Kudo Satoko Morohashi Kaori Takasugi Shinji Tsutsumi Hiroshi Ogasawara Norihiro Hanabata Tetsuro Yoshimura Fuyuki Sato Shinsaku Fukuda Hiroshi Kijima

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.127-134, 2011 (Released:2011-05-03)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 5

---

Recent advances in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques contribute to endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC). Recognition of chronic atrophic gastritis as the background is important for high-quality detection and diagnosis of EGC. But, relationships between EGC and atrophy of the background gastric mucosa caused by Helicobacter pylori are not well understood. The present study demonstrated histopathological phenotypes of EGC, as well as chronic atrophic gastritis as background mucosa of EGC. We evaluated mucosal heights, number of glands, and degree of intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the background gastric mucosa, using 81 cases of EGC resected by ESD. Gastric phenotype cancer cases showed IM of the background gastric mucosa less frequently, compared with intestinal phenotype cancer cases (score of IM, 1.15 vs. 1.65, P = 0.012). The average mucosal heights around EGC were lower in moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cases than well differentiated adenocarcinoma cases (442.6 μm vs. 500.2 μm, P = 0.011). The mucosal atrophy indicated by average heights of background mucosa was low in the gastric phenotype cancer cases, compared with the intestinal phenotype cancercases (452.8 μm vs. 505.6 μm, P = 0.018). In the fundic gland area, the mucosal heights were low in the gastric phenotype cancer cases, compared with the intestinal phenotype cancer cases (413.2 μm vs. 495.5 μm, P = 0.015). Our results using EGC specimens indicated that gastric phenotype cancer and moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma had atrophic background mucosa with lower mucosal heights and less IM. The atrophic gastric mucosa with less IM is thought to play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, especially tumoriogenesis of gastricphenotype cancer.

著者

Masao Daimon Hiroyuki Watanabe Yukio Abe Kumiko Hirata Takeshi Hozumi Katsuhisa Ishii Hiroshi Ito Katsuomi Iwakura Chisato Izumi Masunori Matsuzaki Shinichi Minagoe Haruhiko Abe Kazuya Murata Satoshi Nakatani Kazuaki Negishi Ken Yoshida Kazuaki Tanabe Nobuhiro Tanaka Kotaro Tokai Junichi Yoshikawa The Japanese Normal Values for Echocardiographic Measurements Project (JAMP) Study Investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.12, pp.2840-2846, 2011 (Released:2011-11-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

22 50

---

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate gender differences in age-related changes of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) geometries and functions throughout the entire adult age range using the Japanese Normal Values for Echocardiographic Measurements Project (JAMP) study database. Methods and Results: Seven hundred healthy volunteers (aged 20-79 years) underwent 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. The subjects were stratified into 6 different age groups and then stratified by gender in each age group. LV diastolic function was assessed from pulsed wave Doppler measurements of mitral early (E) and late (A) inflow velocities and tissue Doppler measurements of mitral early (e') and late (a') annular velocities. LV volume decreased and LV mass increased with age to a similar extent in both men and women. Furthermore, for subjects <50 years, women had significantly greater E, E/A ratio and e' than men, but these parameters were similar between genders in subjects >50 years. In addition, there was a significant interaction between age and gender that affected the differences in E, e' and E/e' among the groups (P<0.03, P<0.01, and P<0.03, respectively; ANOVA). There were no gender differences in age-related changes in RV parameters. Conclusions: Gender differences were found in age-related changes in LV diastolic function in a healthy population. Gender differences should be considered for optimal diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. (Circ J 2011; 75: 2840-2846)

著者

Shota Fukuda Hiroyuki Watanabe Masao Daimon Yukio Abe Akihiro Hirashiki Kumiko Hirata Hiroshi Ito Masumi Iwai-Takano Katsuomi Iwakura Chisato Izumi Takayuki Hidaka Toshinori Yuasa Kazuya Murata Satoshi Nakatani Kazuaki Negishi Kazuhiro Nishigami Tomoko Nishikage Takahiro Ota Akihiro Hayashida Konomi Sakata Nobuhiro Tanaka Satoshi Yamada Kazuhiro Yamamoto Junichi Yoshikawa

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.1177-1181, 2012 (Released:2012-04-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

27 67

---

Background: The recently developed real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is a promising imaging method to quantify cardiac chamber volumes and their functions in clinical practice. However, normal reference values of RT3DE parameters have not been fully investigated in a large, healthy Japanese population. Methods and Results: This study consisted of 410 healthy subjects aged from 20 to 69 years who had a RT3DE at one of the 23 collaborating institutions. All subjects had no history of cardiac disease and no risk factors. The mean values in men and women were as follows: 50±12ml/m2 and 46±9ml/m2 for left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index, 19±5ml/m2 and 17±4ml/m2 for end-systolic volume index, 61±4% and 63±4% for ejection fraction, 64±12g/m2 and 56±11g/m2 for mass index, 23±6ml/m2 and 24±6ml/m2 for left atrial (LA) maximum volume index, 10±3ml/m2 and 10±3ml/m2 for minimum volume index, and 58±6% and 58±6% for percent volume change. LV sizes decreased with age, whereas LV mass index did not change. LA sizes slightly increased with age. Conclusions: This multicenter investigation determined normal reference values for LV and LA sizes, and their functional parameters on RT3DE in a large, healthy Japanese population. The results of the present study support the use of RT3DE for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. (Circ J 2012; 76: 1177-1181)

著者

Koichi Sairyo Kosaku Higashino Kazuta Yamashita Fumio Hayashi Keizo Wada Toshinori Sakai Yoichiro Takata Fumitake Tezuka Masatoshi Morimoto Tomoya Terai Takashi Chikawa Hiroshi Yonezu Akihiro Nagamachi Yoshihiro Fukui

出版者

徳島大学医学部

雑誌

The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1.2, pp.1-6, 2017 (Released:2017-03-29)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

31

---

Percutaneous endoscopic surgery for the lumbar spine, which was established in the last decade, requires only an 8-mm skin incision and causes minimal damage to the paravertebral muscles; thus, it is considered to be a minimally invasive technique for spinal surgery. It has been used to perform percutaneous endoscopic discectomy via two main approaches: the TF approach is a posterolateral one through the intervertebral foramen and can be done under local anesthesia; the IL approach is a more traditional one through the interlaminar space and is difficult to perform under local anesthesia. Recently, these techniques have been applied for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), the TF method for foraminal stenosis under local anesthesia, and the IL method for central and lateral recess stenosis under general anesthesia. In this study, using a fresh human cadaver model, we performed simultaneous decompression of the lateral recess and foraminal stenosis at L4-5 using the TF approach. Computed tomography confirmed enlargement of the lateral recess and intervertebral foramen. This technique, which can be performed under local anesthesia, should benefit elderly patients with LSS and poor general condition due to multiple comorbidities. Finally, we introduce the concept of percutaneous transforaminal ventral facetectomy using a spinal percutaneous endoscope. J. Med. Invest. 64: 1-6, February, 2017

著者

Yasushi MATSUNAGA Nobuyuki BANDO Hiroshi YUASA Yoshio KANAYA

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.1931-1934, 1996-10-15 (Released:2008-03-31)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

7 12

---

The effects of grinding and tableting on the physicochemical stability of TAT-59, (E)-4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-(4-isopropyl)phenyl]-1-butenyl]phenyl monophosphate, were studied. The crystallinity of TAT-59 ground in a planetary ball mill for 0-120 min or compressed at 0-4500 kg/cm2 was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The surface of TAT-59 was measured under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The physicochemical stability of TAT-59, ground or compressed, was determined by measurements of water content, crystallinity and the amount of hydrolysis product, DP-TAT-59, formed. The crystallinity of ground TAT-59 decreased with increasing grinding time, and the amount of DP-TAT-59 increased with decrease in the crystallinity. Similar to ground TAT-59, the crystallinity of TAT-59 tablet gradually decreased with increasing compression pressure, and the amount of DP-TAT-59 tended to increase with decreasing crystallinity. These findings suggested that the dacrease of the crystallinity of TAT-59 by mechanical force, such as grinding and tableting raised the drug's reactivity and affected its stability.

著者

Hiroshi IWATA Nanami KATAYAMA Ken'ichi YAMAGUCHI

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E100-D, no.6, pp.1182-1189, 2017-06-01

---

In accordance with Moore's law, recent design issues include shortening of time-to-market and detection of delay faults. Several studies with respect to formal techniques have examined the first issue. Using the equivalence checking, it is possible to identify whether large circuits are equivalent or not in a practical time frame. With respect to the latter issue, it is difficult to achieve 100% fault efficiency even for transition faults in full scan designs. This study involved proposing a redundant transition fault identification method using equivalence checking. The main concept of the proposed algorithm involved combining the following two known techniques, 1. modeling of a transition fault as a stuck-at fault with temporal expansion and 2. detection of a stuck-at fault by using equivalence checking tools. The experimental results indicated that the proposed redundant identification method using a formal approach achieved 100% fault efficiency for all benchmark circuits in a practical time even if a commercial ATPG tool was unable to achieve 100% fault efficiency for several circuits.

著者

Yoshitsugu OHNUKI Takumi KONDO Hiroshi KUROSAWA

出版者

日本組織培養学会

雑誌

組織培養研究 (ISSN:09123636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.21-29, 2017 (Released:2017-05-24)

参考文献数

21

---

Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, is an indispensable chemical molecule to maintain the viability of single-dissociated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and to form cell aggregates in floating cultures. In this study, we investigated the effect of Y-27632 on the cardiac differentiation of the cell aggregates of hiPS cell line, 201B7. When Y-27632 was not added to the floating culture, the dissociated hiPSCs died and no cell aggregates were formed. The presence of greater than 10 μM Y-27632 was required to form spherical cell aggregates from the dissociated hiPSCs. However, Y-27632 used in the floating culture of the dissociated hiPSCs to form cell aggregates exhibited an inhibitory effect on cardiac differentiation in the adherent culture of cell aggregates. When 30 μM Y-27632 was added to the floating cultures, the extensibility of outgrowth from the cell aggregates was relatively lowered, and the initial time of contraction (the generation of beating cardiomyocytes) was markedly delayed in the adherent cultures. Moreover, the expression levels of the early cardiac differentiation-related genes of NKX2.5 and TNNT2 were decreased with increasing Y-27632 concentration. These results indicate that Y-27632 applied to the floating cultures for cell aggregate formation adversely affected the early cardiac differentiation in the following adherent cultures, although there was no influence on the final cardiac differentiation levels.

著者

Sau Pinn Woo Hiroshi Kajihara Nozomu Iwasaki Toshihiko Fujita

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.45-52, 2017-05-25 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

12

---

The sea cucumber, Holothuria (Cystipus) dura Cherbonnier and Féral, 1981, previously known only from the Philippines and New Caledonia, is newly recorded from Japanese waters; this is also the first record of the subgenus Cystipus from Japan. The two specimens described here were collected from the sublittoral bottoms near Hahajima island (126–261 m depth) and Okinoshima island (100–120 m depth). The morphology of the Japanese specimens is briefly described. In-situ photographs of the living individuals and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of ossicles are provided for the first time for this species. The table ossicles in the dorsal body and in the papillae are highly modified fenestrated spheroids that have not been depicted previously. Some of the ventrolateral conical papillae, especially those in the middle part of the body, were bifurcated, perhaps indicative of increased surface area against the bottom for powerful propulsion while ‘walking’. Some notes on locomotion are given, inferred from the in-situ photographs and the morphology of the ventrolateral conical papillae.

著者

小林 裕 Kobayashi Hiroshi

出版者

三重大学水産学部

雑誌

三重大学水産学部研究報告 (ISSN:02875772)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.p25-133, 1986-11

被引用文献数

1

---

この研究は,深海性サメ類と深海底延縄との関わり,および,分布と生態的な特性を解明するため,熊野灘海域(本州南東岸)において、主として底延縄による漁獲試験を行い,つぎの諸点を明らかにした。1.漁獲試験を行った水域は,長鳥沖,尾鷲沖,および,阿田和沖に存在する海底谷,あるいは,その近傍を主とする水域(3漁場)である。これらの海域の深海(200~1100m)における海洋環境(水温,塩分量)は,周年安定していて,漁場間の相遵もきわめて微少である。また,溶存酸素極小層の酸素量は,1.6~1.7mL/Lで1500mに至ると約2.1mL/Lまで増加する。長島沖,および,尾鷲沖漁場の海底地形は,海底谷をやや離れた比較的平坦な水域であったが,阿田和沖漁場は海底谷の真上,および,その近傍の海底傾斜の急峻な凸凹のある複雑な水域であった。海底を覆う底質は3漁場とも細かい砂を含んだ泥土であった。2.底延縄の海底における縄成り(枝縄の水中形状)は,漁具性能を決定する重要な要素の一つであり,浮子とロープの浮力,その海水抵抗,沈子の固定力とその流水抵抗,および,海底における流速などによって決まる。理論計算の結果,枝縄は,海底においてほぼ直立状態にあると考えてよいことが分かった。3.この研究によって,熊野灘海域から生息が確認された底層性サメ類は,これまでに,この海域から確認されている種,この海域で初めての種,稀にしか漁獲されない種など8科20属31種(底延縄が3科10属19種,底刺網が7科13属17種)に達した。これらの中から,ツノザメ科サメ類9属18種を,これまでに,他海域(銚子沖と駿河湾)において記録されているツノザメSqualidae科のサメ類(TANIUCHI、田中、TANAKA,YANO and TANAKA)と比較すると,隣接海域の共通性は駿河湾を挟さんだ銚子沖と熊野灘海域の共通性に比べて高い。4.長島沖,および,尾鷲沖漁場ではへラツノザメDeania calceaが,阿田和沖漁場ではタロウザメ Centrophorus acus が最も多獲され最優占種の地位にある。漁場によって第2優占種以下の種が異なる。種組成を類似度指数Cλ(Morisita)を適用し比較すると,長島沖漁場と尾鷲沖漁場の類似性はきわめて高い。しかし,これらの2漁場と阿田和沖漁場の類似性は低く,サメ類相は種組成においても量的組成においても明瞭な相違がある。5.底層性サメ類(主としてツノザメ Squalidae 科のサメ類)の深度別釣獲率(分布)を種に関係なくみると,どの漁場においても釣獲率の一つのピークが,300~500mに存在する。この深度を越えると漸次減少傾向に移行するが再び増加し,長島沖漁場では,1000mを超える深海に,きわめて高い釣獲率域の存在が確認された。これは1000m以探における高い密度域の存在の示唆と考える。また,魚種組成は異なるが釣獲率の変化傾向は,どの漁場においてもほぼ同じであった。さらに,この結果はインド洋西部で Foster et al. が,行った漁獲試験結果とよく対応する。釣獲率を種別にみると,分布水域は種間で重なりを持つが,高釣獲率域は,種によって異なり,多獲される種は,漁場と深度によって特定される。また,漁獲種数は深度によって異なる。これらの結果は、深度によってサメ類相が質的にも量的にも相適することを示すものと考える。6.タロウザメ Centrophorus acus は、等深線の尾根付近の比較的傾斜の緩やかな水域を,モミジザメ Centrophorus squamosus は海底谷の傾斜の急峻な水域を主分布域とする。両種の混獲関係には,負の相関性が認められた。また,フトカラスザメ Etmopterus priceps とニセカラスザメ Etmopterus unicolor とは,分布の重なりは全くなく,明瞭にすみ分けていることが分かった。さらに,タロウザメ C. acus は、海底地形の急峻な水域で,へラツノザメ Deania calcea は比較的平坦な水域で多獲され生息域に地形的な相違があることが分かった。このように,深海性サメ頬は、地形や深度によって独自の生活場所を形成している。7.延縄に沿った漁獲傾向を調べた結果,一回の操業で延縄が敷設された限られた水域における,深海性サメ類の水平的な分布のパターンは,ランダム分布で近似できるが,種によって所々に濃密な分布域が存在することが分かった。8.枝縄に沿った漁獲傾向から,深海性サメ類は,必ずしも,常に着底生活を営むものでないこと,どのサメ類も海底から,10数メートルを越えて上昇し摂餌していることが推定された。9.海洋環境と漁獲の関係を検討した結果,深海性サメ類の海洋環境への適応の幅は,比較的広いことが推定された。また,タロウザメ C.acus, へラツノザメ D.calcea, および,カラスザメ E.pusillusなどの探海性サメ類は,急激な海洋環境の変化に対する耐性が強いことが推定された。 このような特性を持つ深海性サメ域の構成種を,制限し決定する要因の一つとして,海洋環境が,強く関与しているとは考えにくい。地形的な相遼が結果したものと考えられる。10.夜縄と昼縄の漁獲を比較したところ,釣獲率は昼縄に比べて夜縄の方が著しく高い。この結果は,深海性サメ類の摂餌活動が,昼間より夜間に活発化することの現われであり,夜間に摂餌活動が活発化する種の多いことを物語る。11.深海性サメ類の加害生物は,食害の痕跡から腐食性生物(Scavenger)が目立つ。サメ類も加害魚として関わりを持つ。しかし,サメ類の漁獲と食害魚との間に相関性を認めることばできなかった。これは,サメ類が食害を受けにくいことを示すものと考える。サメ類の食害率は,低く平均5.2%であった。12.生物調査結果 a.フジクジラ E.lucifer,および,へラツノザメ D.calcea の全長組成のモードの位置は,雌雄で明らかに相違(雌の方が大型である)する。また,タロウザメ C.acus,モミジザメ C.squamosus,へラツノザメ D.calcea,ニセカラスザメ E.unicolor,および,ビロウドザメ S..squamosus では,複数の位置にモードがみられ,モードの位置より小さい側で漁獲個体数が少ない。これは,漁具の選択性によるものと考えられる。へラザメ A platyrhynchus とフトカラスザメ E. princeps は資料が少なくモードの位置は明確でない。 b.全長と体重の問には,明瞭な曲線関係が存在する。両者の関係は,Table14の通りである。へラツノザメ D.calceaの雌では,調査した月(5月と10月)によって体重の相違が認められたが,どの種についても全長と体重関係の調査月による相違は肯定できなかった。 C.肝重比(体重と肝臓重量の比)は種によって異なる。また,同種であっても個体間のバラツキが大きい。へラザメ A platyrhynchus の平均肝重比は10%に満たない。フジクジラ E.lucifer は約12~13%であるが,アイザメ Centrophorus 属のサメ類では20数%に達し,この海域で漁獲されたツノザメ Squalidae 科のサメ類の申で最も大きい。サメ類の肝臓機能(Baldridge,Castro,Compagno)を考えると,肝重比の大小は,種による行動能力の強弱を強く反映しているものと考える。また,へラツノザメ D.calceaとフジクジラ E.luciferの肝重比は,明らかに調査した月によって相違が認められた(Fig.32参照)。 d.胃内容物の目視観察を行った結果、深海性サメ類は,底層を基盤として生活するサメ類であるが,底層から表層付近に至る幅広い生物を捕食していた。アイザメ Centrophorus属のサメ類,および,へラツノザメ D.calceaからは,表層および中層性の魚類が観察された。落下物を捕食した可能性もあるが,これらのサメ類の肝重比は大きく,行動能力との関連が考えられる。 e.一般に,この海域で漁獲されたサメ類の性成熟の大きさは雌の方が大きい。フジクジラ E.lucifer,および,ニセカラスザメ E.unicolorなどで明瞭な相違が認められた。年を通してみた,この海域における大部分のツノザメ Squalidae 科のサメ類の性比は1:1であるが,へラツノザメD.calceaとフジクジラE.luciferでは調査した月によって違いが認められた。 繁殖生態に関する調査と観察の結果,オシザメ P.microdonlの産仔様式が非胎盤性胎生(卵胎生)であること,胎抒の栄養吸収方は卵食性でないことが確認された。 また,交接器,子宮,生殖巣を観察した結果,タロウザメC.acus,および,モミジザメ C.squamosusは,未熟個体に限られた。大部分のへラツノザメ D.calceaは未熟であったが,成熟した雌2個体が確認された。へラザメA platyrhynchus(卵性)の輸卵管内には周年卵殻が観察された。また,フジクジラE.luciferは8月に胎仔が,どの季節にも大型卵巣卵,子宮内下降卵が観察された。ニセカラスザメ E.unicolorでは4月に胎仔が,5月と10月に大型卵巣卵が観察された。これらのサメ類の雄の精巣は膨大していて,周年精液が確認された。このように,種によって繁殖生態の一端を知ることができたが,多くの種については,断片的な資料にとどまり,多くの未解明な事項がのこされた。今後の課題として他梅域を含む調査と研究が望まれる。 13.深海底延縄漁業は,他の漁業との競合が少なく,地形的制約を受けることも少ない。また,小人数で小型の船を用いて行うことができる。したがって,現在,利用度のきわめて低い熊野灘海域における深海漁場の開発とその利用は、現漁業の延長として十分考えることができる。また,深海性サメ類は,残された数少ない未利用水産資源の一つであり,その適正な漁獲と利用は,今後の地域漁業の発展を考える上に取組まなければならない重要な課題の一つと考える。This study was performed in the Kumano-nada region along the Pacific coast of Japan, mainly, by fishing tests using bottom longline, in order to clarity distribution and ecological characteristics of deep-sea shark and their relationship with deep-sea bottom longline. The following are the results obtained. 1. Areas of fishing tests are located at 5 - 15 miles lrom the coasts of Nagashima, Owase and Atawa. Marine environment (water temperature and salinity) of deep-sea in these regions (200 - 1,100m) was stable the whole year, and difference among fishing grounds were also quite small. The dissolved oxygen was 1.6 - 1.7mL/L, and it, reached to 2.1mL./L at 1,500m - depth. Bottom topgraphy of the fishing ground of Nagashima and Owase offshores was relatively plateau at a distance from a submarine valley, but the region of the fishing ground of Atawa offshore was just over the valley or over uneven steep slopes around the valley. Sea bed was covered with fine mud. 2 . Shapes of branch-lines of bottom longline on the sea bed is an impor tant facter for the evaluation of efficiencies of fishlng gear, and it is determined by buoyancy of floats and ropes, their current-resistance, the fixing power of sinker and its current-resistance and the speed of current on the sea bottom. Theoretical calculation based on our data showed that branch-lines on the sea bottom would be almost in a vertical position. 3 . Deep-sea sharks, confirmed for their inhabitation in Kumano-nada region through this study, reached to 31 species covering 24 genera of 8 families ( 3 families, 10 genera, 19 species by bottom longline and 7 families,13 genera, 17 species by bottom gill net) including known, new and rare species in this region. Among them, dogfish sharks (18 species of 9 genera)were compared with the sharks of squalidae reported so far in different region (Choshi-offshore and Suruga-Bay; Taniuchi, Tanaka and Yano ).Commonness of the species in adjoining region were high compared to those in the separated regions (Choshi and Kumano, separated by Suruga-Bay). 4 . Needle dogfish, Centrophorus acus, and birdbeak dogfish, Deania calcea, were the highest catches and the first dominant species in fishing grounds of Nagashima and Owase offshores (former species ) and Atawa offshore (latter one ), relatively. Second and less dominant species varied depending on the fishing ground. When content of the species were compared by the Morisita's Cλ fishing ground of Nagashima and Owase offshores showed quite high similarity, while Atawa offshore showed a low similarity compared to the former two grounds. Consequently, the shark biota were clearly different depending on the fishing grounds in terms of both the contents in their species and amounts. 5. Hooked-rate at different sea depths (distribution) were checked on deep-sea sharks (mainly dogfish shark ) independently of the species. A peak ofthe hooked-rate was found at 300 ~ 500m in each fishing ground. The ratio deereased gradually as the depth exceeded this level, but increased again; alayer with quite high hooked-rate was found at more than 1,000m-depths at the Nagashima fishing ground. This could be an indication that there wouldbe a layer (s) with high density of sharks under futher deepend area. These change in the depth were basically the same in all the studied fishing grounds, although the species-content was different. ln addition, these results corresponded well with another result of fishing tests of Forster et al. (1970) performed in a western area of the Indian Ocean. As regarding the species, their distribution areas were overlapping, their areas of high hooked-rate differed and the species with frequent catchingwere spesified by the fishing ground and sea depth. Catches in number regarding species and their varibility differed depending on the fishing ground. It was also found that shark biota changed with sea depth. 6. The main distribution region of needle dogfish , Centrophorus acus, was located around the axes of the valley and leafscalegulpershark, Centrophorus squamosus, were located around the ridg of countourelines, respectively. A negative correlation was found between the two species on their simaltaneous catching. Aiso, no overlap was found with regard to the distribution of great lanternshark, Etmopterus princeps, and Brown lantern shark, Etmopterus unicolor, clearly indicating their habitat segregation. Deep-sea shark, thus, were forming their habitat independent from each other by each own specific conditions of topography and depth. 7. Based on the catching tendency along the longline, it was found that spatiai distribution of deep-sea sharks on the sea bed is approximated atrandom. Based on the catching tendency along the branch-line, it was found that dogfish sharks were not always leading a bottom-clinging life; all speciesshow feeding activity asending over 10 meters from the sea bed. 8 . Results of an examination on the relationship between marine environ ments and catches indicated that the adaptation ability of deep‐sea sharksinto marine environments was relatively high. lt seems reasonable that the topographic characteristics, but not a marine envirornent, are concerned with these specific species or deep - sea shark asfactors which restricted and identified them into one group. 9. Hooked‐rate for night operation was remarkably high compared to day operation. This result indicate that feeding activity of dogfish sharks is morefrequent at night than day. 10. Scavengers were found to be the most frequent natural enemy of dogfish sharks judging from the signs of damage, in addition to some sharks as the enemy fish. No prey‐predator correlations, however, were found among caught sharks. Rate of damaged sharks was low (5.2% in average). This result seem to indicate that sharks are highly tolerant againist natural enemies. 11. Biological examination and observation a) Positions of mode or T.L.. composition were clearly different between male and female (female was bigger) in the case of birdbeak dogfish, Deania calcea and blackbelly lanternshark, Etmopterus lucifer. Two modes were observed for needle dogfish, C. acus, leafscale gulpershark, C. squamosus, birdbeak dogfish, D. calcea, brown lanternshark, E..unicolor,and velvet dogfish, Scymnodon squamulosus,.Their catches in number were low at smaller side of the mode's position, although the results could be explained as matter of selecting the rishing gear. The Position or the mode of spatularsnout catfish, Apristurus platyrhynchus, and great lanternshark, E.princeps, were unclear because of insufficient data. b) A distinct relationship on a curved line was observed between the total length and weight. The equational relationship is shown in Table 14. The relationship varied depending on the investigated months (season) in the case of birdbeak dogfish, D. calcea, and blackbelly lanternshark, E.lucifer. c) L/B (ratio of body weight to liver) was species‐dependent, but the rate fluctuated widely even among strain of the same species. Mean valuesof the L/B of spatularsnout catfish, Apristurus platyrhynchus, and blackbelly lanternshark, E..lucifer, were below 10% and 12 ~ 13%, respectively. Sharks of the genus Centrophrus showed over 20% of the rate; this was the highest value among sharks of family Squalidae which had been fished in this region. Based on the liver function of sharks (Baldridge, Castro and Compagno) the size in the L/B seemed to be reflecting strongly each species strength of action ability. In addition, obvious changes in the L/B were observed depending on the investigated month (season) in the case of birdbeak dogfish, Deania calcea, and blackbelly lanternshark, E. lucifer (see Fig.32). d) Macroscopic observation of stomach contents indicated that deep‐sea sharks were praying upon many creatures ranging from the sea bottom to the surface layer despite the fact that they were deep‐layer living sharks. Surface‐living fishes, were found in stomachs of birdbeak dogfish, D.calcea,and sharks of the genus Centrophorus. The L/B of these sharks were high, reflecting their high action abilities. e ) The size of sexual maturation was generally large in females among sharks fished in this region, and this difference was remarkable especially in blackbelly lanternshark, E. lucifer, and brown lanternshark, E..unicolor.Most sharks of fhe family Squalidae in this region showed a sex ratio of 1: 1 for a whole year, although some monthly (season) variations were found in bridbeak dogfish, D. calcea, and blackbelly lanternshark, E..lucifer. The mode of reproduction of false catshark, Pseudotriakis micrdon, was the mode of non-placental type and the nutritional type of embryo was not oophagous. Observation of the clasper, uterus and sexual gland confirmed that all the examined strains of needle dogfish, C. acus, and leafscale gulpershark, C.squamosus, were immature. Most birdbeak dogfish, D. calcea, were immature, and only two matured females were observed. The egg case was observed for a whole year in the oviduct of spatularsnout catshark, Apristurus platyrhynchus, (oviparous ). In the case of blackbelly lanternshark, E. lucifer, embryo was found in Augast and large ovarian eggs and fertilized eggs were observed for a whole year. In the case of brown lanternshark, E. unicolor, an embryo and large ovarian eggs were observed in April and in May and October, respectively. Testis of the male of these sharks was swelling, and seminal fluides were observed for a whole year. But the data on most species were still fragmentary. In order to fulfill these unsettled term, further studies are required expanding the investigation regions. 12. Bottom longline in the deep-sea has very little competitions with other fisheries, topographic limitations are negligible and it can be performed bya small number of people using a small boat. Therefore, development and application of deep-sea fishing ground in the Kumano-nada region, which has very little utility value at present, can be considered as an extention of present fisheries. Since deep-sea sharks are one of the few remaining fisheries resources undeveroped, proper fishing control and application will be the important subjects we have to solve considering future developments of local fisheries.

著者

Hiroshi Toyoizumi

出版者

日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会

雑誌

日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会論文誌 (ISSN:04534514)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.101-109, 2017-04-20 (Released:2017-05-02)

参考文献数

19

---

The particle survival model, which was originally proposed to analyze the dynamics of species' coexistence, has surprisingly found to be related to a non-homogeneous Poisson process. It is also well known that successive record values of independent and identically distributed sequences have the spatial distribution of such processes. In this paper, we show that the particle survival model and the record value process are indeed equivalent. Further, we study their application to determine the optimal strategy for placing selling orders on stock exchange limit order books. Our approach considers the limit orders as particles, and assumes that the other traders have zero intelligence.

著者

長谷川 博 Hiroshi Hasegawa

出版者

関西外国語大学・関西外国語大学短期大学部

雑誌

関西外国語大学教育研究報告 = Kansai Gaidai Educational Research and Report

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.1-14, 2001-08

著者

新本 弘 押尾 晃一 湯浅 祐二 谷本 伸弘 百島 祐貴 栗林 幸夫 斎藤 英胤 今井 裕 Robert V.Mulkern シンモト ヒロシ オシオ コウイチ ユアサ ユウジ タニモト アキヒロ モモシマ スケタカ クリバヤシ サチコ サイトウ ヒデツグ イマイ ユタカ Robert V.Mulkern Shinmoto Hiroshi Oshio Koichi Yuasa Yuji Tanimoto Akihiro Momoshima Suketaka Kuribayashi Sachio Saito Hidetsugu Imai Yutaka Robert V.Mulkern

出版者

日本医学放射線学会

雑誌

日本医学放射線学会雑誌 (ISSN:00480428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.13, pp.715-720, 2001-11-25

著者

Koichi Yamada Hiroki Namikawa Hiroki Fujimoto Kiyotaka Nakaie Etsuko Takizawa Yasuyo Okada Akiko Fujita Hiroyoshi Kawaguchi Yasutaka Nakamura Junko Abe Yukihiro Kaneko Hiroshi Kakeya

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.7, pp.781-785, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

21

---

Objective Coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the most frequently isolated microorganisms in blood cultures. The aim of this study was to assess [1] the clinical characteristics of methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia and [2] the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria to glycopeptides. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients from whom methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci had been isolated at Osaka City University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2013. We evaluated the patients' background, severity and prognosis of the disease, and the susceptibility of the isolated methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci to glycopeptides. Results Out of the 70 patients tested, 28 (40.0%) had leukemia, and 36 (51.4%) had been treated for febrile neutropenia. Infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 78.6% of patients. Thirty-nine cases (55.7%) were related to intravascular catheters, and 39 (55.7%) were treated using teicoplanin as a first-line therapy. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.3%. Regarding susceptibility, 20% of all isolates were non-susceptible to teicoplanin. According to multivariate analyses, it was observed that premedication using glycopeptides was independently associated with teicoplanin non-susceptibility (p=0.03; hazard ratio = 5.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-26.76). Conclusion Our results suggest that clinicians must use glycopeptides appropriately to prevent the development of further antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.

著者

山本 俊樹 津田 博史 ヤマモト トシキ ツダ ヒロシ Yamamoto Toshiki Tsuda Hiroshi

出版者

同志社大学ハリス理化学研究所

雑誌

同志社大学ハリス理化学研究報告 = The Harris science review of Doshisha University (ISSN:00368172)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.29-40, 2015-04

---

観光産業は、日本の主要産業であるが、平成18年度に旅行消費額が30兆円に至ったものの、平成22年度は、約24兆円へと低下した。そのため、日本政府は、観光産業の活性化を図るため「平成28年度までに国内における旅行消費額を30兆円に拡大する。」という観光立国推進計画を平成24年3月30日に発表した。一方、昨今、ネット社会が急速に広がる中、cyber worldを利用したビジネスが急速に拡大してきており、観光産業においても例外ではない。ここ最近では、各旅行会社が企画・運営している旅行プランに満足できず、旅行会社に企画してもらうのではなく、自分で旅行プランを立てる人の数が増加してきている。このような人々は個人旅行者と呼ばれ、個人旅行者の多くはインターネットを利用して宿泊場所や宿泊プランの予約を行いつつある。今後のIT産業の発展を考慮に入れると、このようにインターネットを通して宿泊予約をする個人旅行者の数が増加することが予想される。そこで、本研究では、世界的な観光都市である京都の宿泊施設に焦点を当てた。京都を訪問する観光客は個人旅行者の割合が多いのが特徴である。Webサイトから収集した京都市内の宿泊施設の宿泊プランの空室数と価格のデータを用いて、京都市内の宿泊施設の客室稼働率と経済規模を日次で推定することを試みた。推定した客室稼働率と経済規模から季節変動や曜日効果などを見出したと共に、京都駅からの距離や宿泊施設の規模などで宿泊施設を分類することにより、新しい知見が得られた。Tourism is a key industry in Japan. However, although domestic travel expenditure reached 30 trillion yen in fiscal 2006, it subsequently declined to approximately 24 trillion yen in fiscal 2010. For this reason, on March 30, 2012, the Japanese government announced a tourism nation promotion plan to stimulate the tourism industry with the objective of increasing domestic travel expenditure to 30 trillion yen by fiscal 2016. At the same time, the rapid spread of the Internet in society has brought a rapid expansion of business conducted utilizing the cyber world, with the tourism industry being no exception. In recent years, the number of people who are not satisfied with tours planned and operated by travel agencies and who construct their own travel plans instead of relying on travel agencies has been increasing. Many of these people, called free independent travelers, are using the Internet to book lodgings. Taking into account future developments in the IT industry, an increase in the number of such individual travelers is expected. Accordingly, the present study focuses on lodging facilities in Kyoto City, a global tourism destination. A large proportion of the tourists who visit Kyoto are individual travelers. Using data on the number of room vacancies and prices for accommodation packages at lodging facilities in Kyoto City collected from websites, we estimated the daily occupancy rates of lodging facilities and the economic scale of Kyoto City. From these estimates, we could also gain such information as seasonal variations and day-of-the-week effects. Additional information was obtained by classifying lodging facilities according to factors such as their distance from Kyoto Station and the number of rooms of lodging facility.