著者

中村 雅彦 進藤 紀子

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, 2001-08-30

著者

新井 哲夫

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.49-55, 1979-03-30

被引用文献数

3

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Hatching in Gampsoleis buergeri was synchronized neither in continuous darkness nor in continuous light at any temperature. However, it occurred synchronously at around sunrise under natural light conditions at about 24℃, and also at around lights-on in an artificial photoperiod of 12-hr light : 12-hr dark at temperatures between 15 and 25℃. The hatching in thermoperiods (12-hr warm phase : 12-hr cool phase) was concentrated at 8-10 hr after the temperature down in continuous darkness but spread over the entire cool phase in continuous light. Hatching was also synchronized by a single light-dark shift, a temperature down or a high temperature pulse in otherwise constant conditions. when eggs were transferred from cyclical to constant external conditions, the daily rhythm of hatching disappeared almost at once. It seems, therefore, that any circadian oscillator is not explicitly involved in the determination of hatching time. The direct response to a single stimulus of light or temperature was different between G.buergeri and Metrioptera hime, but in other respects their responses were similar, which suggest that they share the same basic system of time measurement.

著者

平井 賢一

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.69-93, 1972-04-20

被引用文献数

12

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The relationship of the food habits to the habitat of nigorobuna larvae was investigated at Yamanoshita. Bay in the south basin of Lake Biwa from 1964 to 1968. Quantitative analyses of feeding of the larvae were for consideration on the significance of the aquatic plant belt as the habitat of the larvae. Though the larvae are more or less distributed throughout the aquatic plant belt, they are very abundant in the submerged plant belt. The more abundant floating plant materials present, the higher the density of the larvae is observed. It is commonly observed that there is a fairly good quantity of plankters available for the nigorobuna larvae in the aquatic plant belt, and their amount increases corresponding to that of the floating plant materials. The nigorobuna larvae devoured small Crustacea and chironomid larvae which are commonly found in the aquatic plant belts, above all they eat Chydorus intensively. The bulk of the gut contents of the larvae increase in accordance with the increase of the amount of the plankters. The food habits of the nigorobuna larvae is discussed in relation to their habitat preference. It is suggested that a submerged plant belt with abundant floating plant materials where numerous small cladocerans flourish, is the most favourable as a nursery ground for the nigorobuna larvae.

著者

島田 和則

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.293-304, 1994-12-15

被引用文献数

18 1

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Patterns of topographical distribution of five pioneer tree species (Idesia polycarpa, Cornus controversa, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Euptelea polyandra, Mallotus japonicus) and their tree forms were studied in natural forests on Mt. Takao, Tokyo Metropolitan county, central Japan. The study area was divided into six landform types, four of which were free from human activities (upper side slopes, dells, lower side slopes and foot slopes). Patterns of topographical distribution of each species were explainable by their tree form properties (trunk angle, trunk number and maximum tree height). Such a relationship between the form properties and distribution of trees was due to differences in the disturbance regime (mainly by landslides) of each landform type. Species with higher ability to grow when the trunk is inclined and to develop sprouts were more tolerant of higher disturbance pressure. When taller stands suffered lower disturbance pressure, species with a larger maximum tree height and higher ability to grow below the canopy were at an advantage.

著者

中静 透 山本 進一

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.19-30, 1987-04-30

被引用文献数

28

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The roles of the disturbance regime in the dynamics and stability of forest communities are reviewed, and various types of mosaic structure are classified according to this factor. A community shows a mosaic structure including mature phases when the rotation period of disturbance exceeds both the return interval and the maturation time of the community. The relative length of the former two factors in comparison to the maturation time can be a major criterion of community stability, while fluctuation of biomass, as an index of stability, depends on the rate of disturbance relative to that of recovery. As a case study, the influence of the disturbance regime on the stability of cool-temperate deciduous forest communities in Japan is overviewed. The loss caused by a large typhoon may exceed the annual increment of forest biomass tenfold or more. Further problems in the study of disturbance and forest regeneration are discussed, with speclal emphasis given to the necessity for continuous study over a large area.

著者

佐竹 暁子 原 登志彦 根平 邦人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.253-254, 2000

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

著者

伊佐治 久道 杉田 久志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.121-129, 1997

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

6

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The removal of fallen seeds of Aesculus turbinata was investigated by simple marking methods. In order to clarify the agent animals, an experiment was carried out to examine the sizes of the animals using a set of netted cages with different-sized apertures, together with wood mouse censuses. Current-year seedlings were found on the upper part of the slopes than the upper front line of the crowns of A. turbinata, where no seeds had fallen in the previous autumn. Of the total fallen seeds, 96% were removed from their original location and then disappeared by the end of autumn. Line marking revealed that the mean interval for transportation was 12 days, and that the mean and maximum transportation distances for non-missing seeds were 0.61 m and 2.11 m, respectively, although the lines of most of marked seeds had been cut and the seeds were missing. The maximum distance from the original location to the missing point was 6.45 m, and seeds were buried in cases of 31.5% of transportation. The agent animals were assumed to be small enough to allow them to pass through as aperture size of less than 40 mm but more than 16 mm. Feeding signs on seeds, and droppings found around seeds, seemed to be those of wood mice. The mouse censuses showed that Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus were dominant. Thus, it is concluded that fallen seeds of A. turbinata were transported through the scatter-hoarding behavior of wood mice, mainly A. speciosus.

著者

畑田 彩 鈴木 まほろ 三橋 弘宗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.57-61, 2008

被引用文献数

3 2

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連載「博物館と生態学」では、毎回生態学と関わりの深い博物館事業をテーマとして取り上げてきた。当初予定した6回が終わったところで、これまでの執筆者を中心に連載によって達成できた点や今後の課題について話し合った。その内容をまとめることで、連載「博物館と生態学」の意義を考えてみたい。

著者

佐川 志朗 山下 茂明 佐藤 公俊 中村 太士

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.95-105, 2003-08-25

被引用文献数

2

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1.北海道北部の河川支流域における秋季のイトウ未成魚の生息場所の物理環境特性を2つの異なる河川規模において調査し,年級群による比較を行った。さらに同所的に生息するサクラマス幼魚との植生の比較により,採餌様式および種間関係について考察をおこなった。2.解析の結果,イトウは当歳魚よりも1歳以上魚の方が深い水深を必要とした。一方,流速には両者間での差がなく,当歳魚および1歳以上魚共、流速が0m/sec程度に緩和された箇所に生息した。3.2次水流では当歳魚が多く,3次水流では1歳以上魚が多い傾向がみられた。さらに,当歳魚は岸寄りに,1歳以上魚は流心に定位する傾向がみられた。4.イトウ未成魚の体サイズと水深およびカバー長との間には有意な関係が認められ,さらに,成長に伴い必要とする水深およびカバーの規模が大きくなることが示唆された。5.胃内容物分析の結果,サクラマス幼魚は流下動物依存型の採餌様式を持つのに対して,イトウ未成魚は河床上もしくは河床中の底生動物依存型の採餌様式を持つことが示唆された。また,イトウ当歳魚はカゲロウ目に依存した採餌様式を示すが、1歳以上魚になると魚類への依存度が最も高くなり、共食いのケースも確認された。6.本研究結果より,イトウの保全のためには,上流域から中流域への未成魚の分散経路の保全,未成魚の生息場所となるカバーを有する様々な水深の緩衝帯の保全、餌資源の生息場所となる河畔林および砂礫底の保存が極めて重要であることが示唆された。

著者

河野 昭一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.159-161, 1998

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

著者

木村 保夫 國井 秀伸

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.257-264, 1998-12-25

被引用文献数

2

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Shoot morphology and growth characteristics of two morphologically similar submerged plants, Ranunculus nipponicus var. submersus and R. nipponicus var. okayamensis, were compared to clarify their morphological and ecological differences. Under both field and experimentally equalized conditions, these two plants were clearly distinguishable from each other on the basis of leaf and peduncle size by separating the reproductive and vegetative shoots, and also by leaf color during winter. Both plants showed continuous shoot growth in thc field, and seasonal change was higher for R. nipponicus var. okayamensis than for R. nipponicus var. submersus, possibly because of fluctuations of water temperature in the field. While the flowering of R. nipponicus var. submersus occurred all year round with a peak during June and July, that of R. nipponicus var. okayamensis was seen only during May and November. As to the effect of temperature on shoot growth, both plants showed thermophobic traits, and no significant difference. The elongation rate of R. nipponicus var. okayamensis was higher than that of R. nipponicus var. submersus in both of the water sampled from the Hongu River and the Utsumiya Rive, which are the natural habitats of R. nipponicus var. submersus and R. nipponicus var. okayamensis, respectively. The present results provide support for the suggestion that these two plants may be varieties rather than ecotypes.

著者

湖城 重仁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.109-111, 1968

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The distribution of marine-algae in Fukaya Canal, which connects Ago Bay directly to the Pacific Ocean, and in its vicinity was studied. It was found that the vegetation with respect to the zonation and the number of species change gradually through the canal in the sublittoral zone, but in the littoral zone they change remarkably, especially at the canal exit.

著者

佐久間 大輔

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.349-353, 2011-11-30

著者

東 幹夫

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.6, pp.255-265, 1973-12-20

被引用文献数

10

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The main events experienced by the fish belonging to each population are schematically summarized in Fig. 1., basing on all the results given in the previous reports. Concerning the variations in the body form and the numbers of fin rays found in each population, it was suggested that these characters in question would be influenced by the environmental factors differently according to the developmental stages of the fish concerned. Through the morphological comparisons on the degree of the ossification of the skulls as well as the ring formation of the scals of the sea-run and the landlocked Ayu-fish, it was confirmed that the latter would be the form which suppressed their growth to some extent. However, the landlocked form can be considered to have relatively higher fecundity comparing with the sea-run form, because of their earlier spawning period, the ova with smaller diameter and more numerous in number. The dwarfism, and the early maturation of the present landlocked form coincided with the general tendencies already pointed out by many previous authors who studied several other species of landlocked fishes. Some considerations were made on the relation between the intra-species differentiation of the present species and the geological history of the lake.

著者

鈴木 紀子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.277-280, 1978

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The biological economy in the nymph of Locusta migratoria when it feeds on the leaves of the grass Bromus unioloides was studied with special reference to dry matter and phosphorus at a constant temperature of 25℃. The phosphorus contents of the food plant, nymphal body, feces and the exuviae were 0.35%, 0.93%, 0.22% and 0.03%, respectively. The conversion efficiency for dry matter from the plant to the insect body was 16%, while that for phosphorus was 52% ; the latter being thus about three times as much as the former.

著者

山浦 悠一 天野 達也

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.261-276, 2010-07-31

被引用文献数

6

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マクロ生態学は、大きな時空間スケールで生物の個体数・分布・多様性を扱う分野である。近年、人類が引き起こしている地球規模での環境変化が生物多様性に及ぼす影響が注目を集めるなか、マクロ生態学の重要性が認識されつつある。本稿では、まずマクロ生態学で扱われてきた課題とマクロ生態学の特徴を整理する。そして、マクロ生態学を発展させるための有望なアプローチの一つとして、生物の生態的特性の活用を挙げる。生態的特性とは、生物の形態的・生理的・表現的な特徴ことのを指し、生物の行動や環境への反応、資源(生息地)要求性、生態系内での機能、他の生物に及ぼす影響力なども含まれることもある。生態的特性を活用することにより、マクロスケールでの生物-環境の関係性の理解・予測が促進されるだろう。マクロ生態学の今後の課題として、局所生態学との統合や時間的視点の考慮などが挙げられるが、生態的特性の活用はこれら課題の解決に大きく貢献するだろう。人類が地球上で優占する現在、生物多様性を理解、予測、保全するうえで、マクロ生態学の更なる発展が望まれる。

著者

原 嘉彦

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.43-48, 1978-03-30

被引用文献数

1

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A study was made on five species cellular slime mold-Dictyostelium mucoroides BREFELD, D. purpureum OLIVE, D. discoideum RAPER, Polysphondylium pallidum OLIVE and P. violaceum BREFELD-in the forest soil in the Tenryu Valley, Central Japan. D. mucoroides was the species to occur most frequently throughout the year ; next was P. pallidum, to be followed by D. purpreum and P. violaceum ; D. discoideum occurred least frequently of the five. D. mucoroides occurred most frequently in winter, about fifty percent over other seasons. D. purpreum showed the highest frequency in autumn and the lowest in summer, while P.pallidum showed the frequency as high as D. mucoroides in spring and autumn, but lower one in winter and summer. P. violaceum was most frequent in autumn and least in winter. On the average, cellular slime molds of five species showed an increase in autumn and spring, and a decrease in winter and summer.

著者

藤村 玲子 佐藤 嘉則 難波 謙二 太田 寛行

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.211-218, 2011-07-30

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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森林をはじめとする植物-土壌生態系では、光合成による一次生産と微生物による有機物分解のバランスが成り立ち、豊かな生物相が維持されている。しかし、火山噴火というイベントはこの生態系を壊してリセットしてしまう。新たに生じた火山灰などの火山砕屑物や溶岩に住み始める生物は、肉眼では見えない微生物である。本稿では、三宅島2000年噴火火山灰堆積物に住みつく微生物について、2003年から6年間にわたって調査してきた結果を紹介する。まず、調査初年時に採取した火山灰堆積物の細菌密度の測定結果では、すでに1gあたり10^8の高いレベルに達していた。直接試料から抽出したDNAの16SリボソーマルRNA遺伝子を解析した結果は、Leptospirillum ferroxidansやAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansといった独立栄養性の鉄酸化細菌が優占する細菌群集構造を示した。供試火山灰堆積物にはCO_2吸収活性があり、十分に高いニトロゲナーゼ活性も検出されており、これらの活性は鉄酸化細菌に由来することが推察された。2009年の調査においても、三宅島雄山上部の火山灰堆積物は酸性状態に維持され、鉄酸化細菌の優占が続き、化学合成無機独立栄養代謝が中心の微生物生態系であることが示唆された。以上の結果をもとに、火山灰堆積物に形成される微生物生態系のエネルギー代謝と初成土壌への有機・無機物質の蓄積について推察する。

著者

ハ木橋 勉 松井 哲哉 中谷 友樹 垰田 宏 田中 信行

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.85-94, 2003-08-25

被引用文献数

8

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1.ブナ林とミズナラ林の分布の気候条件の関係を定量的に明らかにするために,日本全国の植生と気候値の3次(約1k?)メッシュデータを用いて分類樹による統計解析を行った。2.気候値には,それぞれの分布域の温度(暖かさの指数と最寒月最低気温)と降水量(暖候期降水量と寒候期降水量)を用いた。3.その結果,上記の気候値によってブナ林とミズナラ林の分布が約9割の確立で分類された。4.ブナ林は多雪地域に多く,最寒月最低気温が-12.45℃未満の冬の寒さの強い地域,暖候期降水量760.5mm未満の成長期の降水量の少ない地域,暖かさの指数73.95以上または,寒候期降水量が441.5mm未満n積雪が少ないと考えられる地域で分布が制限されていると考えられた。5.分類のための気候要因は,地域によって異なっており,従来から指摘されていた低温にかかわる要因,夏季の湿潤さ,積雪の寡多がかかわっていることを裏付けた。全国的には,これらが複合的に作用して分布が決定していることが明らかになった。

著者

渡辺 仁治

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, 1979-06