著者

阿部 慶賀 有元 典文 安西 祐一郎 今井 むつみ 入來 篤史 植田 一博 内海 彰 大西 仁 大森 隆司 岡田 猛 岡田 浩之 長田 尚子 小田切 史士 小野 哲雄 亀田 達也 川合 伸幸 清河 幸子 久保(川合)南海子 栗山 直子 佐伯 胖 嶋田 総太郎 白水 始 鈴木 聡 諏訪 正樹 高木 光太郎 舘野 泰一 寺尾 敦 伝 康晴 中島 秀之 中村 國則 橋田 浩一 服部 雅史 原田 悦子 針生 悦子 開 一夫 福田 健 堀 浩一 本田 秀仁 松香 敏彦 宮﨑 美智子 三輪 和久 村山 功 横澤 一彦 横山 拓

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.407-433, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-15)

参考文献数

3

著者

中村 國則

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.523-529, 2009 (Released:2010-09-10)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

著者

中村 國則 斎藤 元幸

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.446-460, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-15)

参考文献数

105

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Rationality has been one of the most important theoretical concepts in cognitive science. Up until now, plenty of rationality concepts have been proposed to represent human decision-making processes. This paper aims to draw a map of rationality in psychology and cognitive sciences literature by clarifying their theoretical features, functions, and similarities. In doing so, this paper reviewed many rationality concepts proposed in the pieces of literature on higher cognition, including reasoning or judgment and decision making. It explained how these rationality concepts explained biases in human thinking and how they have changed through a history of judgment and decision-making research. This paper pointed out that rationality is now considered the goal of or evidence for cognitive model and that recent rationality concepts treat decision making as resolving trade-off between plural conflicting aims such as expected utility and computational efficiency, through the review of rationality concept in reasoning and judgment and decision-making literature.

著者

中村 國則

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.42-64, 2013 (Released:2018-08-18)

被引用文献数

3

著者

中村 國則 斎藤 元幸

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.391-392, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-15)

参考文献数

2

著者

中村 國則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.436-441, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

19

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The four-card selection task (Wason, 1966) is one of the best known tasks used in the literatures of human reasoning. This article analyzes this selection task by using item response theory (Lord & Novick, 1968). Japanese undergraduates (N=323) responded six types of the Wason's selection tasks including indicative task (Wason, 1966), beer task (Griggs & Cox, 1982), and cassava task (Cosmides, 1989). An exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed a one factor structure of the six tasks. The results of an analysis using a two-parameter logistic model indicated that the indicative tasks were similar to the beer task and the cassava task in terms of the discrimination parameter, and that the relative diffculty between the tasks would varied according to the value of the ability parameter estimated by the two-parameter logistic model.

著者

中村 國則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, pp.1C-062-1C-062, 2017

著者

中村 國則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第79回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1AM-087, 2015-09-22 (Released:2020-03-27)

著者

南 保輔 古川 良治 都築 幸恵 新垣 紀子 中村 國則

出版者

成城大学

雑誌

コミュニケーション紀要 (ISSN:02887843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.87-98, 2015-03

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Teaching critical thinking skills is among the top priorities for higher education in Japan and the United States. Ennis (1987) divides critical thinking skills into two types: dispositions and abilities. In Japan, Hirayama and Kusumi (2004) have developed a Japanese measurement called the Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CTDI). This measurement consists of four subscales with 33 items. The responses are made using a five-point Likert scale. In four studies at a small private university in the Japanese metropolitan area, the CTDI was administered to more than 400 undergraduate students. Among the four subscales, the average highest rating was the score for "inquiry-mind" and the lowest score was for "self-confidence for logical thinking." These results hold true for the four studies, while the order of the other two subscales of "objectiveness" and "evidence-based judgment" varied among the four studies. In one study, about 50 students worked on the Wason selection task. Their performance was poor when the content of the task was purely logical and abstract, but the performance was much better when it was an everyday and pragmatic task, as argued by D'Andrade (1995). Those who successfully solved the everyday, real task rated themselves higher on the CTDI and higher on the subscale for "self-confidence for logical thinking." This constitutes a basis for the measurement validity of the CTDI.Teaching critical thinking skills is among the top priorities for higher education in Japan and the United States. Ennis (1987) divides critical thinking skills into two types: dispositions and abilities. In Japan, Hirayama and Kusumi (2004) have developed a Japanese measurement called the Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CTDI). This measurement consists of four subscales with 33 items. The responses are made using a five-point Likert scale. In four studies at a small private university in the Japanese metropolitan area, the CTDI was administered to more than 400 undergraduate students. Among the four subscales, the average highest rating was the score for "inquiry-mind" and the lowest score was for "self-confidence for logical thinking." These results hold true for the four studies, while the order of the other two subscales of "objectiveness" and "evidence-based judgment" varied among the four studies. In one study, about 50 students worked on the Wason selection task. Their performance was poor when the content of the task was purely logical and abstract, but the performance was much better when it was an everyday and pragmatic task, as argued by D'Andrade (1995). Those who successfully solved the everyday, real task rated themselves higher on the CTDI and higher on the subscale for "self-confidence for logical thinking." This constitutes a basis for the measurement validity of the CTDI.

著者

中村 國則

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.174-187, 2008 (Released:2009-10-30)

参考文献数

27

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Verbal probability statements such as “very certain” or “impossible” are often used to communicate information regarding uncertainty. This study aims to investigate how people estimate the “informativeness” of verbal probability statements. With regard to numerical probabilities (e.g., “30%”), Keren and Teigen (2001) proposed the “search for definitive predictions” principle; according to this principle, relatively high or low probabilities are preferred to medium ones because high or low probabilities denote the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a single outcome more strongly than they do medium ones. However, whether people adhere to this principle when they estimate the informativeness of the verbal probability statement remains an unresolved issue. Through two empirical studies, this study establishes a quantitative relation between verbal probability statements and their “informativeness,” which is similar to the principle of Keren and Teigen (2001). In addition, this study shows that the directionality of verbal probability (Teigen & Brun, 1999) also affects the informativeness judgment. Finally, this study formalizes the judgment regarding the informativeness of probability statements in terms of the information theory and argues that the “search for definitive predictions” principle can be interpreted as rational information estimation under the rarity assumption (Oaksford & Chater, 1994).