著者

神原 康介 窪田 亜矢 黒瀬 武史 田中 暁子 道喜 開視

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.724, pp.1333-1343, 2016

被引用文献数

1

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Akahama in Otsuchi, Iwate prefecture is one of the areas severely damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (3.11). A purpose of this paper is to clarify how residents used the evacuation places and shelters from emergency evacuation phase to refugee life phase in 3.11 in relation to the transition of disaster preparedness places and the transition of daily gathering places in order to get the suggestion about how to design a disaster preparedness place. In chapter 2, it is clarified that how evacuation places were used in three phases. In emergency evacuation phase, many residents evacuated to an elementary school, but there was flooded and many people got wet. In temporarily shelter use phase, residents could find a printing office near the school and about 140 people stayed there for 3 days. Many residents went to private houses and stayed. 3-chome residents could not find large facilities, so they went to a neighboring village. In refuge life phase, about 80 residents used the gymnasium of school, about 20 residents used welfare facility and 8 households used 2 vacant houses that were owned by Otsuchi-cho. In chapter 3 and 4, transition of disaster preparedness places and daily gathering places are clarified. In chapter 3, findings are as follows. 1) A damage of past tsunami was recorded, but evacuation behaviors or the places where people gathered was not passed down. 2) the understanding that a school was designated as a disaster preparedness place was widely shared. 3) In the late 80's, a numbers of preparedness place increased because of expansion of village. 4) In the late 90's, 1-chome's preparedness place was gathered to a school because a new gymnasium was built. 5) In the late 2000's, local organization decided that Akahama had 3 prepared places in terms of governance after a discussion that Hachiman Shrine didn't have a enough space. In chapter 4, findings are as follows. 1) A school and Community center had been the base of Akahama community. 2) A school had been the base of community, and that's why a school became center of disaster preparedness place in spite that there was not evacuation place during Sanriku tsunami of 1933. 3) A community center had been the base of community and located a little higher ground, and that's why disaster prevention materials was stocked before 3.11. In chapter 5, evacuation places and shelters in 3.11 are analyzed in three phases in relation to the transition of disaster preparedness place and daily gathering place. It is found that in emergency evacuation phase, a school had been known as a preparedness place in spite that in the past there was not evacuation place and gymnasium was located in dead end, and in 3.11 many residents were exposed to danger. In temporarily shelter use phase and refuge life phase, it can be necessary to think preparedness place not only inner village but also wider area, etc. In chapter 6, the following four points are suggested. 1) It is important to think the role of disaster preparedness place in the disaster phases. 2) Changes of a village environment and modernization of daily gathering place influence a numbers and characteristics of disaster preparedness place. 3) The actual condition of evacuation behavior such as gathering places in past tsunami disaster is necessary to be come up for discussion about the disaster prepared. 4) For the occurrence of a gap between evacuation places and disaster preparedness place, residential network is needed for a use of private houses or facilities, and also vacant ones owned by municipality should be prepared for an emergency evacuation.

著者

小野 芳朗

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.664, pp.1197-1204, 2011-06-30 (Released:2011-11-16)

参考文献数

18

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The forest around urban area was desolated tremendously by imprudent cutting trees in 19 C. Recovering of these forests was begun from the early 1900's to keep the trees for source of water supply, protection of landslide and scene from the urban area. This paper discusses the relationships between the preservation of the forest scene and its management, and the development as the park. Dr. T. Tamura who is a specialist on the scenery and the park, and Mr. U. Kugo who is a technocrat on the forest management of Okayama Prefecture participated in the manifestation and preservation of the scene of Misao-yama hill as a borrowing landscape from the Kohraku-en garden that is historical Daimyo garden. However, Dr. Tamura planned the forest park in the Misao-yama hill as a developing urban infrastructure for hygiene and recreation space.

著者

溝上 裕二 平野 吉信

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.720, pp.395-405, 2016

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined the "Problem Seeking method" that is a typical method of architectural programming, in order to clarify the establishment process and the nature of its methodology structure as well as the development process after established, and then, to determine whether it is valid for today's architectural programming practice. For studying these issues, we had multiple interviews with those involved in its establishment, and analyzed author's study-notes and a variety of literatures that seemed to have influenced on its establishment. As the result, it was clarified that the "Problem Seeking method" have been established based upon the accumulation of huge theoretical and practical experiences as well as useful theories, ideas and heuristic approach exerted from the studies on various problem-solving methodologies, and that the method must be a very practical approach for architectural programming.

著者

浅野 伸子 平井 聖

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.530, pp.215-220, 2000

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study aims to clarify the state of samurai house and samurai classes residential district in the castle town Ueda at the end of Edo period, by researching historical materials, such as the plans, the regulations, the records, and the like. The results of the research are as follows; 1. Plans were drawn by black and red lines. Black-line means the official space. (That was offered from master to retainer.) And red-line means the part of addition. The extension of house was looked generally, besides it was often carried out at inhabitant's own expense. 2. The nine types of standard plan were fixed up, then those regulations were applied to a retainer's new house. 3. The influence of the regulation plans was confirmed about 70 per cent on the plans. But in almost all plans, the black-line's area was larger than standard's. As the number of regulation plans go up, the difference tend to increase.

著者

西野 佐弥香 高松 伸 古阪 秀三 平野 吉信

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.659, pp.149-157, 2011-01-30 (Released:2011-03-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 4

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Today in Japan, there happens emergence of various professions and diversification of delivery systems. However, some points of the current building system don't accommodate to such changes, so it could cause damage to buildings' quality. To this matter, this study treats cooperation between participants in a building project as one way of enhancing buildings' quality. In these days, designers and constructors had close communication and realized high quality buildings in many projects. So the purpose of this study is to show a decision making process of design contents in Kyoto Takaragaike Prince Hotel led by Togo Murano and to consider how designers and other participants, especially constructors cooperated in this project.

著者

阿部 祐子

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.653, pp.1771-1777, 2010

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Victor Steinbrueck (1911-1985), a regional-modern architect in Seattle, was the leader of the historic preservation movement since the 1960s. He also proposed a vision of Seattle with the particularities shown as below. His focus was the characteristics and livability of neighboehoods and his vision has been mainly influential to the civic activists who resist against the orthodoxy that would make the city standardized.<br>1.The neighborhood core should be village-like, <i>i.e.</i> pedestrian-oriented and mixed use with low or middle-rise buildings, narrow streets, and public spaces.<br>2. Preservation of the historic districts was a measure to preserve and improve the neighborhood commercial cores.<br>3. Independence and autonomy of the old neighborhoods in Seattle should be enhanced by empowering the community.

著者

阿部 祐子

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.668, pp.2027-2032, 2011

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study is to explore the preservation concepts of the Pike Place Market Historic District in Seattle, which was one of the earliest examples in the U.S. that included ideas of neighborhood conservation. To analyze the way to raise the concepts I studied the ideas and opinions expressed by the citizens' group advocating to preserve the district, especially by Victor Steinbrueck (1911-1985), an architect and the leader of the group.<br> The study shows that the preservation concepts based on Steinbrueck's socialism and regionalism were emphasized more clearly through a criticism on gentrification after the late 1960s. At that time Pioneer Square District, another historic district in the downtown, had succeeded in revitalizing by adaptive reuse of historic buildings, but at the same time low-income residents were forced out by steadily rising land prices and rents. Concerning that the communities around the Market would be lost for the same reason, Steinbrueck and other activists insisted to maintain communities and their activities as well as to preserve the market buildings. Thus the neighborhood conservation ideas were raised from a criticism against not only the urban renewal plan but also the historic preservation project that aim primarily to vitalize real estate market, and after the 1970s, such ideas were adopted in historic preservation policies of Seattle and other American cities.

著者

小林 剛士 鵤 心治 石村 壽浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.626, pp.811-818, 2008-04-30 (Released:2008-08-20)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relation for commercial act between the Non-Area Divided City Yamaguchi and the Area Divided City Hofu, which is adjacent to Yamaguchi. At first, we investigated the trend of commercial locate among three area, central district, use district and suburb using data of the building confirmation in those city. Then we calculated the rate of consumption and absorption about commercial act in case study. At last, using those data, we considerate the relation for commercial act between the each case study and show the issue about the district that commercial facilities has accumulated on operating the City Planning Act in local city.

著者

近藤 ふみ 定行 まり子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.653, pp.1647-1654, 2010-07-30 (Released:2010-09-03)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

7

---

Recently, there has been a great demand for day nurseries in Japan. The purpose of this study is to consider whether it is relevant to use the floor space of eating, napping and playing per person. We observed zero-year-old-children in detail during their stay in their nursery rooms. We also measured eating, napping and playing spaces of nursery rooms. 5 nurseries fulfilling the following criteria were selected; eat and nap in the same room, 6-12 children for each class, 3.0 m2-5.0 m2 per person in a room. As a result, we found that eating and napping space is 1.02-2.42 m2 and 0.91-1.83 m2 per person, respectively. Therefore, we figured that the necessary space of eating was 1.68 m2 per person and of napping was 1.23 m2 per person, respectively(4.11 m2 per person in total) in order to make comfortable nursery room. In case the development levels of children who compose a class differ widely, it is impaired for them to crawl freely and safely.

著者

寺内 美紀子 町田 敦 坂本 一成 奥山 信一 小川 次郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.554, pp.159-166, 2002-04-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 3

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The aim of this study is to clarify the spatial composition of exterior void space in contemporary architecture forming a street wall. That composition is formed by relationship between arrangement of exterior void space and connection with spaces without site and inside of building. Arrangement is integration of void's position on outside volumes and division of outside volumes. Connection has two ways that accessibility or openness to the eye. Comparing the patterns of composition, they are classified into three groups; passage, end, extension of inside space. An alternative composition is found according to opposite of these groups.

著者

梅干野 晁 何 江 堀口 剛 王 革

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.462, pp.31-39, 1994

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

28 3

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In order to make clear the effect of rooftop lawn-planting on the thermal environment, outdoore xperiments were carried out with lawn-planting mock-ups throughout two years. This paper for the first part of our study describes the outline of mock-ups and measurement items and measuring methods. Main subjects of the paper are about diurnal and annual characteristics of heat budget for the foliage layer of lawn-planting. The following items were analyzed with the experimental data. 1. Reflected solar radiation from the surface of lawn. 2. Radiant temperature of lawn and temperatures in the lawn-planting layers. 3. Heat flow below the layer of foliage. 4. Heat capacity of the layer of foliage.

著者

浅野 純一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.556, pp.249-256, 2002

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This paper clarified an outline about the birth of Cyuou-douro street and the renewal process of buildings along the street and the change of vista. The improvement project of Cyuou-douro from 1922 to 1924 was the largest one in Nagano City of those days. The planning concept thought much of street view and vista toward Zenkouji-temple.Residents there also thought the appearance and fire prevention and built houses and stores.After then the redevelopment undertakings from 1970 to 2000 have made building height irregular and have spoiled the vista.Because the experience of the big project of about 80 years ago is peculiar to Nagano City, it is important to use it with caution for the future planning.

著者

石榑 督和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.733, pp.793-803, 2017

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&nbsp;This study examined the formation and transformation process of the Wadagumi Market constructed facing the Shinjuku Station during the post-war reconstruction period, as well as the changes in the main constituents of the market. The study examined the urban fabric of the Wadagumi Market and its surrounding area that were reconstructed every few years from the 1930s to the 1960s. Furthermore, the changes in land ownership were examined, and by comparing both, the change in the urban fabric of the market and the land ownership, the relationship between spatial changes and land rights are discussed.<br>&nbsp;The district examined in this study has the following three characteristics. First, the nature of the district was different in the pre-war and post-war periods. The district was lined with warehouses and theaters pre-war, but post-war it was transformed by shops lining the entire district. Second, among the markets that originated as black markets in the neighborhood of the Shinjuku Station, this district was among the earliest to have market organization carried out by land-readjustment projects for war-damage reconstruction. Third, while the Wadagumi Market was constructed by one constituent, it had three types of rights related to building use. The following were the findings of the study.<br>&nbsp;First, the Wadagumi Market straddled three city blocks and the building use rights differed for the markets of each block, being short-term leasing, long-term leasing, and building purchase, respectively. In the land-readjustment project for war-damage reconstruction, each of these three types of market were organized and relocated on land that was offered as a substitute. One of the markets that was relocated developed into what is today Shinjuku Golden Gai.<br>&nbsp;Second, the control of the market by Wadagumi officials continued even after the Wadagumi was dissolved in July 1947. There was repeated reorganization by the proprietors, but the Wadagumi officials continuously assumed leadership.<br>&nbsp;Third, there was dissolution of large tracts of privately owned land. The study examined the process by which the district concerned, which was owned by one constituent in 1930, was subdivided in the post-war reconstruction process and multiple landowners came to possess the land.

著者

黒岩 千尋 中川 武 溝口 明則

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.719, pp.195-202, 2016

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One of the greatest characteristics of Preah Vihear Temple is the repeatedly pairs of "口-shape" "田-shape" building. These buildings called "annexed building" are almost limited to guideline on research, and they were not deemed about functions and features. Originally in Khmer temple architecture, architectural styles and functions of the main constituent building like main tower and library are not particularly changed, in contrast, vigorous emergence of "田-shape" architectural style is remarkable. This paper focuses on "annexed building" especially "口-shape" and "田-shape" buildings in Preah Vihear Temple, to consider the significance of these buildings and its transition process by comparison of spatial characteristics, temple layout, and functions, "annexed building" shows the transition tendency of whole picture of Khmer architecture. Through the analysises, this paper points out the characteristics of Preah Vihear Temple as "vertically-oriented" layout temple and the provincial city in flourishing ages of Khmer empire.

著者

中嶋 節子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.459, pp.185-193, 1994-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 4

---

At the beginning of Showa era, surrounding mountains were highly noticeable factors in the landscape of Kyoto. There were two reasons for this. Firstly, the mountains became more important from the viewpoint of urban development. And lastly, the mountains attracted tourists and gained economic value. However, a new idea of forestry was required to maintain the ideal landscape because of the gradual changes in the landscape of forests. Artificial forests as well as cities were for the first time considered necessary in creating an ideal landscape. This paper examines that the early Showa era marked an epoch in the cityscape conservation.

著者

平山 育男

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.707, pp.185-192, 2015

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The foundation water supply of Tsubame city was authorized on March 31, 1938, the design change was carried out on November 18, 1938 just after that, and the ceremony for the completion was accomplished on November 8, 1941. Tatsujiro Nishide of the advisor, Chiaki Matsumoto of the engineer were invited for construction. The water tank of the water tower at Tsubame extremely resembles the former water tank at Nakatsu placed the drawing on the book in those days. Because the water tower tank at Tsubame was forced to a short-term design change, it was designed using information of Nakatsu.

著者

砂本 文彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.694, pp.2637-2646, 2013-12-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to analyze the formation of residential area of the naval city Kure between 1890 and 1930. Spatial characteristics of them are clarified focusing on drought compensation caused by the construction for waterworks of The Naval Station and municipal water supply system. Irrigated agriculture had suffered shortages in irrigation water after the construction of the waterworks. Drought compensation among The Naval Station and land owners had influenced land use in irrigated area. Market of house for rent depending on land rent defined as Kokudai had changed agricultural land use into residential land development.

著者

大澤 義明 小野田 竜已 小林 隆史

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 = Transactions of AIJ. Journal of architecture, planning and environmental engineering (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.634, pp.2605-2612, 2008-12-30

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

The cohort-component method is widely used for population projection of local governments in Japan. The purpose of the paper is to examine aggregation errors caused by the cohort-component method, which can account for age distribution. First, we show that the populations estimated at aggregated level frequently are less than those at disaggregated level by using municipality data in Ibaraki Prefecture. Second, we prove this tendency through a simple mathematical model using Lexis diagram by focusing on internal migration.

著者

菅原 麻衣子 鈴木 孝明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.745, pp.385-395, 2018 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2

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Following Part 1 of the research, this paper, Part 2 continuously focuses on the educational environment of students who have profound and multiple disabilities and need daily medical care in schools for special needs education. The objective of the whole research was to identify the points needed for the development of school facilities from the perspective of medical care. The research method and the analytical data used in Part 2 are the same as those in Part 1. The nationwide questionnaires were conducted in 2015, targeting all schools (281) for special needs education with a department of physical disabilities in Japan. The responses from 160 schools (56.9%) were collected. In the questionnaires, we established the following sections and divided the problems based on their features such as priority, facilities improvement, or teachers' creativity: 1) problems solved through repair or renovation, 2) problems remaining despite repair or renovation, 3) problems that teachers cannot solve by themselves, 4) considerable problems in school planning despite teachers' capacity to manage them, and 5) problems solved through teachers' creative use of space and human resources. The data was analyzed using KH coder developed by Higuchi (2001) as text mining software. A total of 688 problems were obtained from the questionnaires. The co-occurrence networks by using the software in each section were drawn; through this method commonality of the problems could be sought. In Part 1, the problems and teachers' requirements for improving school facilities through the analysis of section 1 -4 were recognized. In Part 2, based on the analysis of section 5, the teachers' creative usage of space and human resources to solve problems were illustrated. In addition, a cross-sectional study of 1–5 was implemented. From the results, three main points to improve the educational environment were discovered. First, regarding the classroom planning from the perspective of medical care, a major problem that need to be considered was the limited amount of space for activities in classrooms, which was much more limited than expected. In classrooms, teachers had a tendency to create a corner for medical care and set up various equipment up such as humidifiers and air cleaners to prevent infections from spreading, pots that contained hot water to wash medical care products, carts to put commodities on such as suction equipment, general educational materials and self-supporting tools. Second, we identified the specific needs to improve facilities aside from classrooms, they are; medical care rooms, restrooms and the water supply. Medical care rooms are required to be located near classrooms and the infirmary and they must have adequate space for vital checks and medical care for multiple students at the same time. Restrooms tended to have a lot of problems even after being repaired or renovated, so it was important to consider the number of restrooms, the required space for care and changing of diapers, plus the ease to support those with physical disabilities. Water supply is an absolute necessity in classrooms and lunch rooms in order to wash students' hands and the medical goods. Finally, the characteristics of each need tended to be different depending on the type of medical care required. For tube fed students, lunch rooms should have adequate space so they can spend lunch with their friends. For catheterization, there needs to be an appropriate number of special booths and space, a required bed, appropriate layout to support students and sufficient lighting. For tracheotomy and the suctioning of phlegm, air conditioners, humidifiers and air cleaners are vital to prevent the spread of infections.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.307-314, 2018

被引用文献数

2

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&nbsp;More than 75,000 emergency houses, called the standard prefabricated house, were built in Okinawa after the war in approximately four years, beginning in 1946, which made a great contribution to reconstruction. The standard prefabricated house was designed by a local architect named Hisao Nakaza (1904-1962) at the U.S. naval military government Okinawa public works department on Nov. 30, 1945.<br>&nbsp;The purpose of this study is to clarify the details of the situation about the process, the design and the supply system of the standard prefabricated house, and to also clarify the actual factor of the massive and quick supply. This paper consists of five chapters.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 1 describes the background based on the career and articles of Nakaza and why he began to design the standard house. According to his career, he had experience with evacuation house construction in wartime. After the experience was evaluated, Nakaza designed the standard house at the U. S. naval military government Okinawa public works department.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 2 considers the standard house plan situation of the U.S. naval government from directions. The naval government gave orders that let local people resettle from camps to their original places of residence on October 23, 1945. Therefore, the government had to supply houses. The direction of October 31, 1945 shows the design guide of the houses. It is thought that the scale and materials of the standard prefabricated house were decided based on this.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 3 analyzes the design drawing. The standard prefabricated house responded to the situation of a lack of engineers in that the frames of the walls and roof trusses were designed as prefabs which were produced at a factory. Furthermore, the design can respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation is possible.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 4 investigates Nakaza's article and the Okinawa public works department relations documents, and understands the supply system. For approximately four months, from January to May in 1946, the constructions were instructed by three people, including Nakaza. From the period of May, 1946 to the end of 1949, constructions were carried out by an organized system by the public works department of Okinawa civil administration. The department was able to settle the U.S. government budget directly. Architectural division managed the material yards and carried out construction by construction units. In addition, motor pools of the land transport division took transports.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 5 analyzes the monthly construction number on the activity reports of the U.S. military government and assumes the construction end time. Construction was carried out most actively during the periods from the beginning of 1946 to mid 1947. The first action system was good; more than 4,000 houses a month in December, 1946 and January, 1947 were built. There are construction reports until October, 1949, which show that the houses were built until about the end of 1949. A total of about 76,815 houses were supplied within four years, from January, 1946 to October, 1949.<br>&nbsp;As above, the standard prefabricated house was designed by architect Hisao Nakaza, and supervised by the U.S. military government, and managed by local government, and constructed by mutual support among residents.<br>&nbsp;The main reasons to be able to serve a large quantity and quick supply are as follows. (1) The houses were a prefabricated type which the residents could easily build. (2) The design could respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation was possible. (3) The compact organization system could perform the stocking, manufacturing, sending, and budgeting execution of the construction.