著者

加賀 秀雄 鈴木 敏夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, 1986

著者

和 秀俊 遠藤 伸太郎 大石 和男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.89-103, 2011

被引用文献数

4

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It is well known that junior and senior high school athletes who participate in team activities face <i>zasetsu</i> (a Japanese word meaning setback, conflict, or disappointment) many times. Some give up sports activities as a result, whereas others overcome <i>zasetsu</i> and continue to be active in their respective teams. The purpose of the present study was to grasp the process by which young male athletes overcome <i>zasetsu</i>. The subjects were all 18-year-old freshmen (59 males) who had reached national level in their sports and had been admitted to their individual colleges on the strength of their sport performance. All had belonged to their respective teams for more than three years while at junior and/or senior high school. The study was conducted using an open-ended questionnaire in the second week of April, at which time the subjects would still have clear memories of their previous sports activities, being unaffected by any experiences at college. Using the KJ method, we analyzed qualitatively the components of <i>zasetsu</i>, the subjects' state of mind when suffering from <i>zasetsu</i>, and the process by which they overcame it. It was concluded that the process of overcoming <i>zasetsu</i> in sports activities involved an improvement of cooperative autonomy accompanied by a conflict with regard to whether or not the subjects continued their sports activities, when they did not achieve their goals. This concept might be generally applicable in view of its conceptual consistency with former reports, and the fact that our results were based on a sufficient number of cases.<br>

著者

菱田 慶文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1108170193, (Released:2011-08-24)

参考文献数

25

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The present study investigated the transformation that has occurred in Muay Thai, a traditional martial art in Thailand, as a result of gambling. Muay Thai is a sport that incorporates religious ceremony. In Thailand, gambling has been conventionally illegal. The rules of Muay Thai have not been changed since Rajadamunan stadium was established in 1945, and Muay Thai has since developed into a national amusement and become a modern sport. However, various gambling styles linked to Muay Thai still continue to exist. Such gambling comprises three types: 1. Gambling on matches, where all the prize money is placed in bets. 2. Gambling through bookmakers. 3. Gambling based on odds, with no restriction on who gambles and how much money is staked. Since the late 1970s, however, gambling based on odds has increased, and this has resulted in a change of Muay Thai game tactics. Currently, most of the audiences coming to Muay Thai stadiums are gamblers who use odds to bet. For this study, data were collected through fieldwork conducted at Muay Thai stadiums in Thailand. Data were also gathered from Muay Thai magazines. These data have been reconstructed in order to examine how Muay Thai has changed in response to gambling, and the results indicate that the game tactics of Muay Thai have changed due to odds gambling. As a consequence, Muay Thai has become not only just a martial art, but also a sport for gambling.

著者

尹 聖鎮 田内 健二 高松 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.15-25, 2003-01-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

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本研究の目的は,傾斜面でのリバウンドドロップジャンプにおける腓腹筋-アキレス腱複合体の神経筋活動を、跳躍トレーニング経験の相違に着目して検討することであった。9名の競技者および健常者に、30cmの台高からのリバウンド型ドロップジャンプ(RDJ30)を行わせた。着地面の傾斜角度は、上向き斜面8度(U8)、平地面(L)およぴ下向き斜面8度(D8)の3種類であった。その結果、競技者においては、上向き斜面での試技は下向き斜面および平地面と比較して、伸張局面における腓腹筋-アキレス腱複合体の長さ変化に対する踏切中点のアキレス腱張力の比(ATF_<MID>/L_<MTC>)、および腓腹筋-アキレス腱複合体の平均仲張速度(V_<MTC>)は大きいことが認められた。これに対して、健常者においては、上向き斜面および下向き斜面での試技は平地面と比較して、ATF_<MID>/L_<MTC>およびV_<MTC>が低いことが認められた。また、競技者は健常者と比較して、ATF_<MID>/L_<MTC>およびV_<MTC>は,いずれの傾斜面においても大きいことが認められた。上述の結果は、プライオメトリックス手段の一つとして傾斜而でのRDJを用いる際には、傾斜方向や跳躍トレーニング経験の相違によってMTCにかかる負荷特性が異なることを考慮する必要があることを示唆するものである

著者

尹 聖鎮 大山卞 圭吾 岡田 英孝 高松 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.6, pp.510-521, 1999-11-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

2

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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of gastrocnemius muscle stiffness on achilles tendon force in rebound jumps on slanted contact surfaces. Five trained college jumpers and throwers, and six active males executed five continuous repetition rebound jumps under three surface gradient conditions. The surface gradients were 8 degrees uphill type (U8), 8 degrees downhill type (D8), and level type (L) conditions. Force plate and limb position data were recorded simultaneously during all jumps. The changes in length of the achilles tendon (L_<AT>), m. gastrocnemius (L_<GAS>) and gastrocnemius muscle-achilles tendon complex (L_<MTC>) during the eccentric phase were calculated according to the mode1 of Voigt et al. (1995) and Grieve et al. (1978). The main results were as follows; 1. Jumping height in U8 and L was higher than in D8. There was also a tendency for a higher achilles tendon force at the midpoint (ATF_<MID>) in U8. On the other hand, in U8 and D8, L_<MTC> was lower, and L_<AT>/L_<GAS> was higher than in L. 2. There was significant positive correlations between the ground reaction force at the midpoint (GRF_<MID>) and jumping height, and ATF_<MID> and jumping height in U8, D8 and L. 3. There were significant positive correlations between GRF_<MID> and ATF_<MID>, and L_<AT>/L_<GAS> and ATF_<MID> in U8 and L. However, L_lt:MTC> and ATF_<MID> showed a significant negative correlation. These results indicate that the stretch length of the gastrocnemius muscle-achilles tendon complex is lower, and ATF_<MID> higher under uphill-type conditions than under level conditions because L_<AT/L_<GAS> becomes higher as gastrocnemius muscle stiffness increases.

著者

谷本 道哉 下代 昇平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.132_2, 2017

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<p>背景・目的:スポーツチャンバラはレクリエーション性の高いスポーツであり、少年から高齢者まで楽しみながら実施することが可能である。乱取り形式で行えば、ゲーム感覚で楽しみながら、心肺持久負荷および下肢筋群の筋力負荷を相応に与えることが期待できる。本研究では、継続的なスポーツチャンバラの実施が中年男女のメタボ・ロコモリスク指標に与える影響を明確にすることを目的とする。</p><p>方法:平均年齢の中年男女11名を被験者とし、A群6名は週3回11週間の乱取り形式のスポーツチャンバラを実践し、B群5名は運動非介入対照群とした。乱取りは1分×10ラウンドとし、ラウンド間インターバルは30秒とした。12週間のウォッシュアウト期間をおき、A群とB群の介入内容をクロスオーバーさせた。各介入期間前後に左右上下肢筋力、最大酸素摂取量、血液性状の測定を行った。</p><p>結果:スポチャン介入により、上肢および下肢伸展筋力はともに利き腕利き脚側でのみ有意に増大した。最大酸素摂取量は平均で約15%増大した。また血液性状においてはHDLで有意な増大がみられた。</p>

著者

一木 昭男 柳 宏 鍬守 信彦 田中 ケイ子 青木 真 長 鉄翁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, 1981

著者

勝亦 陽一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.170_3, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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本研究は、大学生を対象に運動有能感に対する相対年齢効果の性差を明らかにすることを目的とした。対象はスポーツ実技科目を選択履修した男子1326名および女子1479名とし、質問紙により調査を行った。被検者には、運動有能感(17項目)、過去の体育に対する意識(5項目)について、「非常にそう思う」(5点)から「まったくそう思わない」(1点)の5段階で評価させた。生まれ月は、4群(4–6、7–9、10–12、1–3月)に分けた。運動有能感について、因子分析により共通要因を算出した。その結果、「身体的有能さの認知」、「統制感」および「受容感」に分類された。各因子得点を算出し二元配置(性別×生まれ月)を行ったところ、「身体的有能さの認知」においてのみ交互作用が示された(男子>女子、女子のみ4–6月>1–3月)。また、過去の体育に対する意識のうち、「球技種目が得意だった」について交互作用が示された(男子>女子、女子のみ4–6月>1–3月)。以上の結果から、大学生の運動有能感に対する相対的年齢効果には性差があること、その原因は過去の体育における球技種目にある可能性が示唆された。

著者

内藤 貴司 林 聡太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17070, (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

4

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Individuals with spinal cord injury have a reduced afferent input to the thermoregulation center and lack both sweating capacity and vasomotor control below the level of the spinal cord lesion. A loss of heat loss capacity results in an excessive rise in core temperature, which in turn decreases exercise performance and increases the risk of heat-related illness. To prevent hyperthermia and improve exercise performance during exercise in hot environments, a popular strategy, body cooling, has been proposed. However, despite the interest and vast array of research into cooling strategies for able-bodied humans, less is known about the application of these cooling strategies for individuals with thermoregulatory impairment due to spinal cord injury. The purpose of this review was to investigate effective cooling strategies for attenuating the increase in body temperature in humans with spinal cord injury exercising in a hot environment. Cooling strategies for individuals with spinal cord injury involve external cooling such as water immersion and use of sprays, and cooling garments and internal cooling by ingestion of cold fluid. We addressed the practical issues associated with each of these methods. We concluded from our review that external cooling has been criticized for its impracticality during sporting competitions, although water immersion and the application of cooling garments do reduce the core temperature in individuals with spinal cord injury. However, ice ingestion has recently received considerable interest in studies of able-bodied humans. Therefore, we propose that ice ingestion could be an effective strategy for individuals with spinal cord injury.

著者

湯浅 有希子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第63回(2012) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.83, 2012-08-22 (Released:2017-04-06)

著者

大峰 光博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15038, (Released:2015-07-29)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated trash talk among soccer players, focusing on whether it actually disturbed playing performance and whether the ability to ignore such trash talk was an asset to the game. The “Laws of the Game” of soccer stipulate that any player who uses “offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures” should be dismissed from the field. Therefore, any penalty imposed on players for such behavior can be interpreted as sanctions for prohibited act.  Furthermore, any game in which offensive or insulting remark are used was considered by reference to Kawatani's opinion about excellence and “failed athletic contest”. When a referee penalizes a player appropriately for such behavior, it is suggested that the game has not “failed”. On the other hand, as such behavior is often difficult for a referee to notice, an appropriate penalty is sometimes not administered. Therefore, it is suggested that an offensive or insulting remark is an act that indirectly destroys the ethos of a game. I conclude that the ability to ignore trash talk is not an asset to the game in principle, but that such ability is practically necessary.

著者

髙山 史徳 嶋津 航 青栁 篤 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

1

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<p>Some recreational runners participate in consecutive races within a short period. A high frequency of participation may not allow for sufficient recovery time, leading to overreaching. This case study reports on the training load, physiological variables, performance, and psychometric status of a male recreational runner during the 16-week marathon season. The runner completed 4 marathon races in a period of 8 weeks (6-14 week). Training load was quantified based on the cumulative time spent in 3 intensity zones (zone 1: < ventilatory threshold, zone 2: between ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point, zone 3: < respiratory compensation point) using heart rate monitoring. The Hooper questionnaire was completed every morning to quantify sleep, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness. The runner performed four identical treadmill running test over the season. The coefficient of variation for maximal velocity and physiological variables was 1.0% and 1.8‐5.2%, respectively. Pearson correlation showed significant relationships between training load and stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness. There was no significant relationship between training load and sleep. In conclusion, it appeared that this runner was able to complete 4 marathon races without overreaching. These findings suggest that the training load and Hooper questionnaire are practical tools for monitoring of recreational runners during the marathon season.</p>

著者

和田 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第39回(1988) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.58, 1988-08-20 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

谷釜 尋徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.1-16, 2010 (Released:2010-07-20)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper considers changes in basketball shooting techniques from the Taisho Era (1912-1926) through the first half of the Showa Era (1926-1989), focusing on technique history with special reference to the process of introduction of the one-hand shot. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows. 1. From the Taisho Era to the early Showa Era, a chest shot using both hands was the main technique for shooting from middle and long distances. This technique was used as it was thought to be difficult to block. Eventually, however, defects of this shooting technique were pointed out, including a low rate of scoring. As for short-distance shooting techniques, these were thought to be divided into those where a shot was released after the player had made a stop, and a “running” shot. In the early Showa period, both of these were made with a one-hand shot, as this meant a higher possibility of scoring and avoiding defensive maneuvers. 2. The one-hand shot from middle and long distances was introduced in the early 1945-1954 period as an American technique. However, it was thought that it would be difficult for short-height Japanese to master this technique. In 1950, however, a Hawaiian “Nisei” (second-generation Japanese-American) team having the same body proportions as native Japanese visited Japan and demonstrated the one-hand shooting technique. This suggested that Japanese persons, too, would be able to acquire this technique. In Japan after the visit of the Hawaiian team, use of the one-hand shot for middle and long distances became widespread. Compared with the shooting techniques used in Japan previously, as this technique enabled higher scoring and quicker movement, it was characterized as being difficult to defend against, even when the defensive player was close in.

著者

朝西 知徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, 2008

著者

近藤 誓

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.102_3-102_3, 2016

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<p> 近年、プロ野球選手が野球賭博に関与していたり、バドミントン選手が違法カジノに出入りしていたりして、スポーツと賭博に関わる出来事が社会問題となっている。しかし、同じ賭博行為でも、競馬、競艇などの4種目は「公営ギャンブル」と呼ばれ、特殊法人や地方公共団体による施行が許可されている。その中でも競馬については、戦前から行われていた実績や欧米を中心に国際的にも広く行われていることもあり、日常生活の中に溶け込むとともに現在も大きな人気を有している。競馬については、これまで公営ギャンブル(賭博)の賭け容認過程やギャンブル(賭博)の社会的影響、さらにはスポーツのルールとギャンブル(賭博)の関係などについての研究がなされてきた。こうした研究の成果を捉えつつも、しかし、いわば社会に飼いならされ「飛び地」として合法化された「賭博」は、なぜ競馬という対象の中に成立し、またそれは、例えばニュース番組などでは決まって「スポーツコーナー」で取り上げられるように、どうして「スポーツ」との関係を強く示唆されるものとなっているのだろうか。競馬、スポーツ、賭博の関係を、現代社会が写る鏡の一つとして本研究では明確にしたい。</p>

著者

山内 秀樹 春日 規克

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.87-95, 1992

被引用文献数

4 1 3

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The effects of jump and isometric training on contractile properties (in situ) were studied in the fast-twitch gastrocnemius (GC) and slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles of male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the relationship to fiber type composition were determined. Individual fibers in both muscles were classified as fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) or slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers according to Peter et al. The jump training (JT) consisted of 48 cm vertical jumps at 50 times/day, and the isometric training (IT) consisted of holding on to a vertical grid for 30 min/day. After 6 weeks of training, both JT and IT significantly reduced the isometric twitch contraction time of the SOL, but not that of the GC. Muscle fatigability was tested by the intermittent stimulation (IS) at 40 Hz fof 330 ms each second. No significant differences were observed in the decline of tension developed during IS in all muscles of each group. Fiber type compositions of both muscles were not changed with training. The results of this study suggest that exercise training improves excitation-contraction coupling, rather than the myosin isoenzyme pattern and oxidative enzyme activity which are used as criteria for fiber type classification, and that this induces alterations in mechanical properties.

著者

篠原 康男 前田 正登

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15096, (Released:2016-08-29)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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This study aimed to clarify the composition of the phases (acceleration, full sprint, and velocity endurance) in the 50-m sprint as performed by elementary school students, focusing on changes in running velocity. The subjects were 169 boys and 178 girls in the first to sixth grades of elementary school, who performed a 50-m sprint from a standing start. Running velocity was measured using a laser distance meter, which was synchronized with a video camera that recorded the entire sprint. It was found that the running time of the total sprint was significantly shorter and that maximal velocity was significantly higher for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. The distances of the acceleration phase and full sprint phase were significantly longer for higher-grade than for lower-grade students, but there was no significant difference in the duration of these phases by grade. However, both the distance and duration of the velocity endurance phase were significantly shorter for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. Step length in the acceleration, full sprint, and velocity endurance phases was longer for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. However, step frequency at each phase tended to be almost equal or slightly lower for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. The SL index for higher-grade boys tended to be higher than for lower-grade boys. However, for girls, there was little difference in the SL index at each phase for second-grade students or above. Taken together, the results indicate that the velocity endurance phase comprises the majority of the 50-m sprint when performed by lower-grade students. However, for higher-grade students, the velocity endurance phase is shorter due to the relative increases in the acceleration and sprint phases. This suggests that the distance of the acceleration and full sprint phases affects the distance and duration of the velocity endurance phase.

著者

中房 敏朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15092, (Released:2016-04-06)

参考文献数

110

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This paper describes a historical study of “Yamatobataraki”, a form of gymnastics that was devised by Professor Kakei Katsuhiko around 1920 in Japan. The main study aim was to clarify how the practice of Yamatobataraki spread in Imperial Japan from the 1920s to 1930s. The diffusion process consisted of three phases. The first was associated with the growth of the Folk High School movement. Around 1924, Kato Kanji introduced Yamatobataraki to the Yamagatakenjichikoshusho, which was the original model of the Folk High School. Kato then transferred to the Nihonkokuminkotogakko, which was the head institution of the Folk High Schools, and introduced Yamatobataraki as part of its educational program. Kato's educational systems, along with Yamatobataraki, were reproduced throughout Japan and Taiwan, because the Nihonkokuminkotogakko helped to found other similar institutions. In the second phase, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry promoted the foundation of a large number of Nomindojo, i.e. farmers' schools. As a result, 50 farmers' schools introduced Yamatobataraki, because they were modeled on the educational system of the Nihonkokuminkotogakko. In the third phase, the Ministry of Colonial Affairs promoted the policy of agricultural emigration to Manchuria, and delegated the training of the emigrants to Kato Kanji. In 1938, Manmokaitakuseishonengiyugun, a large group of young agricultural emigrants to Manchuria, was institutionalized. Many young emigrants trained under Kato's methods in Uchiharakunrensho, which were formulated for the Manmokaitakuseishonengiyugun. Yamatobataraki as a daily routine was practiced as a matter of course. Thus, as described above, Yamatobataraki spread mainly via farmers' schools and emigrant training all over Imperial Japan due to the promotion of farmers' schools and emigration to Manchuria by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Ministry of Colonial Affairs.

著者

小木曽 航平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.83-101, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

24

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The aim of this study was to examine the function of Thai Massage schools for foreigners in the process of Thai Massage becoming a global health culture. Currently, Thai Massage attracts widespread popularity as a relaxation or health therapy. In the background, there is the Thai government's policy, which has institutionalized Thai Massage as “Thai Medicine” since the 1990s. As a result of this policy, Thai Massage has enhanced its medical value, cultural value and economic value, and become globalized.   Another important factor must also be considered in the context of globalization of Thai Massage, and that is the global interest in Indian Yoga, Chinese Tai Chi and other various eastern health therapies or body techniques. This is a strong focus of the present paper. People who have a great deal of interest in “self-care” and their practical communities are another important factor of Thai Massage globalization. These practices are not restricted to national institutions, and are more fluid and transnational. “Health” is a concept that has developed in modern national systems, and “health culture” has emerged from this in relation to the power of modern nations. However, health culture created by people who practice Thai Massage and other eastern health therapies can be seen in a different dimension. This study focuses on Thai Massage schools for foreigners as specific foci of this dimension, and the process of Thai Massage can be envisaged as a global culture by analyzing the historical and cultural background of Thai Massage schools for foreigners and dealing with the actual situation ethnographically.   In conclusion, it can be said that Thai Massage schools have structurally contributed to the globalization of Thai Massage by being gathering places for knowledge and techniques related to the body, to which humans universally aspire. It is now evident that these “health communities”, which differ from hospitals and clinics served by medicine, are places at which people can engage their bodies and health independently.