著者

縄田 亮太 石井 泰光 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.111-122, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of different ball distances on the upper and lower limbs for the overhand pass in volleyball. Eleven male college volleyball players participated. The subjects performed the overhand pass toward objects located at three different ball distances (3, 6, and 9 m) on two force platforms, and motion analysis was performed via a motion capture system comprising 12 high-speed video cameras.The following results were obtained: (1) As the ball distance increased, the maximum dorsal flexion angular velocity of the wrist decreased, whereas the length of the pull phase, the vertical peak force on the rear leg, the maximum extension angular velocity of the hip and knee, and the maximum plantar flexion angular velocity of the ankle all increased. Therefore, adjustment of the ball distance for the overhand pass was facilitated by changing the impulse of the ball caused by increasing the intensity of both the rear leg step and the wrist stiffness. (2) In the previous instructional manual, the buffer action for the falling ball during overhand passing was facilitated by flexion of the whole body. However, in this study, the buffer action was facilitated conducted only with the upper limb irrespective of the ball distance. From the viewpoint of the series of movements during overhand passing, the whole body was used in the period from flexion to extension, but the flexion action of the whole body was incorporated into the preparatory phase, and the buffer did not involve the lower limbs after ball contact.This difference between the previous instructional manual and the present findings are attributed to the imprecise definition of movement phases in the manual.

著者

淵本 隆文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第46回(1995) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.397, 1995-09-10 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

矢野 あや子 井上 九美 平井 タカネ

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, 1988

著者

竹﨑 一真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.687-704, 2019

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In postwar Japan, the United States (US) could be viewed as Japan's "significant other." The US had a considerable cultural impact on Japan and was responsible for alterations in postwar Japanese identity. Of particular importance was the influence of the US on the popular view of body form. The postwar restructuring of Japan's national identity included the adoption of new views of the body as a result of US influence. This study investigated the culture of male beauty/body (bodybuilding) that emerged in Japan during the postwar period of occupation, and revealed how "male beauty" consciousness was generated in relation to nationalism by focusing on (1) the social context in which "male beauty/body culture" emerged and (2) the changes in conceptions of masculinity and body consciousness. This analysis yielded the following results:<br> (1) Bodybuilding emerged in the social context of the occupation/reconstruction period and from a masculine crisis of male feminization in Japan. It was developed by the Japan Bodybuilding Association (JBA) as part of a movement to create "new Japanese men".<br> (2) However, bodybuilding was criticized as being feminine, linked to homosexuality, and leading to a useless "Hercules-type" body.<br> (3) In response to this criticism, the JBA shifted its aim from the acquisition of a burly, Herculean build to one of a healthy and functional ("Hermes-type") body that represented harmony between the body and the spirit. The aim of this shift was to gain legitimacy for bodybuilding as a masculine act.<br> In addition to these aims in trying to help create "new Japanese men", the JBA also intended to legitimize male bodybuilding culture within a national context, seeking to popularize and expand its activity by criticizing the American "Hercules-type" body while promoting the "Hermes-type" body preferred in Japan. In this way, discourse concerning the legitimacy of male beauty/body (bodybuilding) culture developed in conjunction with nationalism, and created an important forum for consideration of the ideal Japanese male body form.

著者

渡辺 一志 辻 幸治 米山 富士子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.405-411, 1993-03-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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In archery, highly reproducible release is required during shooting to get a good score.Shooting in archery consists of eight different techniques. The last phase of these techniques is follow-through, which all eight have in common. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the muscle activity at follow-through and performance. In ten healthy archery club members, we recorded the muscle activity of six regions from both sides of M.deltoideus (pars acromialis), M. trapezius (pars ascendens), M. trapezius (pars descendens) by means of electromyogram. Integrated electromyograms of 1 second each at the aiming phase and the follow-through phase were calculated in order to evaluate this technique. The results obtained in this study were: 1) The skilled archers sustained high level (above 80%) muscle activity in the follow-through phase. 2) A significant correlation (r=0.791 r<0.05) was observed between the muscle activity on the draw side and the best score in a single round.3) The performance in archery was effected by the continuation of muscle activity in the shoulders, the neck and the back at follow-through. The continuation of muscle activity in the draw side seemed to be especially significant for archery performance.

著者

黒須 朱莉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第70回(2019) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.103, 2019 (Released:2019-12-20)

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本研究の「IOCにおける国歌国旗廃止案」とは、オリンピック競技大会における国歌や国旗を用いた儀礼を廃止しようとする案のことを指す。これまで、1953年から1974年までのIOC関連会議では、国歌国旗の廃止を求める提案が審議されてきたことが明らかになっている。この間の廃止案の展開は、第1期(1953-1957)国歌廃止案の提起、第2期(1960-1963)国歌廃止案に対するIFの賛同とIOC総会での支持の広がり、第3期(1965-1968)国歌国旗廃止案の提起とIOC総会での支持の広がり、第4期(1973-1974)IOC総会における国歌国旗廃止案の消滅に区分することができる。その後の国歌国旗廃止に関わる諸事実は、オリンピックを対象とした文献や研究の中で断片的に触れられているものの、廃止案の連続性という観点からの検討は行われていない。以上のことから、本発表では1974年に総会の審議事項から消滅した廃止案のその後の展開を、1975年から1981年までに定め、この間のIOC関連会議における国歌国旗廃止に関する提案の有無、及び提案と審議の内容を整理し、1974年以前との連続性を検討することを目的とする。

著者

吉岡 伸彦 宮下 充正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, 1988

著者

金子 守男 守能 信次 木村 吉次 国友 宏渉 仲野 隆士 鈴木 文明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, 1987

著者

阿江 数通 小池 関也 川村 卓 中島 亮一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.135-149, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the lower limbs in relation to the rotation movement of the body based on the moment of the ground reaction force. Twenty-two male collegiate baseball players (age: 19.8 ± 1.3 yr, height 1.75 ± 0.04 m, body mass 73.9 ± 6.2 kg, athletic career:12.1 ± 2.1 yr) participated. They performed baseball tee-batting, set at middle ball height for the strike zone. Threedimensional coordinate data were acquired with a motion capture system (Vicon-MX), and ground reaction force data for both legs were acquired with 3 force platforms. High and low groups (HG and LG) were categorized by the mean peak moment around the vertical axis of the body’s center of gravity caused by the ground reaction force. The period analyzed was that from stride-side foot contact with ground until ball impact, and 2 phases were defined as follows: backward phase, stride-side foot contact with ground until the peak moment of the ground reaction force; forward phase, the end of the backward phase until ball impact. Statistical analysis was conducted using an independent t-test between HG and LG (p <0.05), and the effect size was calculated (small: d = 0.2; middle: d = 0.5; high: d = 0.8). In the backward phase, the flexion angle of both hips was greater in the HG than in the LG at event1 (pivot-side: d = 0.74; stride-side: d =0.97). The abduction angle of the pivot-side hip was significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (stride-side foot contact with ground: d = 0.94; peak moment of the ground reaction force: d = 1.44). In the forward phase, the external rotation angle of the pivot-side hip was significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (d = 1.02), which contributed to the inter-group difference in the internal rotation angle at the instant of stride-side foot contact. These results indicate that the motions of both hip joints acted to rotate the whole body around the vertical axis effectively. The knowledge obtained from this study should provide useful suggestions and insights into coaching for movements of the lower limbs in order to improve batting performance in relation to the rotational movement of the body.

著者

笠野 英弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20096, (Released:2021-02-23)

著者

川村 卓 島田 一志 高橋 佳三 森本 吉謙 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0812080087, (Released:2008-12-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

25 4

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The purpose of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally two groups of baseball strikers, i.e. high and low swing speed groups, and to compare the kinematics of their upper limb motion. Sixteen skilled male strikers were videotaped with two synchronized high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. One trial in which the maximum bat head speed was achieved was selected for each subject and digitized to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the segment end-points and the bat using a DLT technique. Subjects were divided into High (n=8) and Low (n=8) groups according to the bat head speed. The angles compared between the two groups were abduction-adduction, horizontal abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation for both shoulders, flexion-extension for both elbows, supination-pronation for both forearms, radius-ulnar flexion, and dorsi-palmar flexion for both hands. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the point when the speed of the grip was over 3 m/s to the ball impact, and then averaged.

著者

出口 順子 長谷川 健司 清川 健一 菊池 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20065, (Released:2020-11-18)

著者

高津 勝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.313-332, 2010 (Released:2010-12-28)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

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This article expands some historical perspectives on “popular sport” based on the following three case studies: (1) Interactions between foreign sport and rural sumo wrestling in the village of Shiojiri, Nagano prefecture, during the Taisho Democracy Period. (2) The historical development of traditional Japanese boat racing in the area known as Tamaeura in Hagi, Yamaguchi prefecture. (3) Modern reconstruction of folklore and physical competition following the agrarian revolt known as the “Chichibu Jiken” in Saitama prefecture in 1884. Having to compete with festive folklore, the main emphasis of physical education and sport in modern Japan was placed on civilization and enlightenment. Thus, the establishment aimed to develop thrifty and hard-working citizens who served the state and capital. However, there were moments when opposition, deviation and autonomy occurred in the daily lives of the masses, and it was clear that they could not be controlled unitarily. For the masses, traditional physical competition and sport were not only hobbies, forms of entertainment or means of improving self-discipline or physique, but also provided a medium for expressing their desire for solidarity and social growth. What is “popular sport”? It is not a solid cultural entity but a complete panorama of physical competition and sport from the viewpoint of the masses. The “history of popular sport” aims to analyze and represent this phenomenon historically in relation to the total sphere of daily life. In such research, the concept of the masses has significance in terms of “method”, “standpoint” and “strategy”.

著者

壺阪 圭祐 島本 好平 木内 敦詞

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.113_1, 2016

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<p> 文部科学省(2013)は「新しい時代にふさわしいスポーツ指導法」の確立を目指し、「スポーツ指導者の資質向上のための有識者会議」を設置した。そこでは、指導者における競技横断的な知識・技能を有するコーチング(Coaching:以下、C)の獲得が課題とされている。そこで本研究の目的は、壺阪ら(2015)によって見出されたライフスキルの獲得を促すコーチングスキルの4側面(可視化を促すC、感謝する心の育成を促すC、自発的な行動を促すC、目標達成を促すC)を指導者に求められる競技横断的なCとし、同コーチングスキルの獲得の様相を探る手がかりとして、同スキルの獲得パターンをもとに指導者を類型化することであった。対象者は関西、関東地区の中学・高校・大学年代のスポーツ指導に携わる指導者551名(男性458名、女性93名、平均年齢:41.9 ±10.9)であった(有効回答率97.5%)。大規模クラスター分析を行った結果、「自発的な行動を促すC低群(n=138)」、「可視化を促すC低群(n=116)」、「C全体低群(n=87)」、「感謝する心の育成を促すC低群(n=123)」、「可視化と目標達成を促すC高群(n=87)」の5つのクラスターに分類されることが示された。</p>

著者

笹生 心太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20019, (Released:2020-09-12)

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18026, (Released:2018-09-07)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the exertion of torque and motion related to the generation of mechanical energy in both hip joints during baseball batting. The participants were 98 male amateur baseball players (body height: 172.6±5.6cm, body weight: 70.3±8.1kg, age: 19.0±1.9yr, career: 11.0±2.8yr). The batting motion was recorded using a motion capture system (10cameras, 250Hz), and the ground reaction forces acting on each foot were estimated using 2 force plates (1000Hz). Hip joint angles were expressed as Euler angle of the thigh relative to the lower torso. Hip joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. Other kinetic variables–e.g. hip joint torque power, mechanical work by hip joint torque–were also calculated. The main results were as follows: 1. Throughout the analysis phase, there was no significant correlation between the bat head speed at impact and the angles of both hip joints. 2. For the hip joint on the pitcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by flexion and adduction torque was large during the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. 3. For the hip joint on the catcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by extension torque was large in the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. These results suggest that there are no differences in the kinematics of both hip joints depending on the bat head speed at impact. In addition, it is indicated that the ability to exert flexion and adduction torques for the hip joint on the pitcher side and the extension torque for the hip joint on the catcher side during baseball batting motion contribute to the generation of mechanical energy.

著者

半田 徹 加藤 浩人 長谷川 伸 岡田 純一 加藤 清忠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0907160099, (Released:2009-07-20)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this study was to examine muscle activities during seven traditional different free dynamic exercises designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles. Eleven adult men with experience in weight training were asked to perform three repetitions of LSU, BSU, TSU, TC, RSU, LR and SLR. Activities of the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), external abdominal oblique (EAO), and rectus femoris (RF) during the hip flexion and hip extension phases of each exercise were examined by electromyography (EMG) and analyzed using root mean square (RMS) values. The following results were obtained: (1) The mean RMS values for the URA were larger during the RSU and SLR than during the other five exercises. The value for the same muscle was larger during the TC exercise than during the LSU, BSU, TSU, and LR exercises. The mean RMS value for the LRA was largest during the RSU exercise, while that during the SLR exercise was larger than those during the LSU, BSU, TSU, TC, and LR exercises. (2) The mean RMS value for the EAO was largest during the SLR exercise, while that during the RSU exercise was second-largest and that during the TSU exercise was third-largest. The mean RMS values for the RF were larger during the RSU and SLR than during the other five exercises. The smallest value for this muscle was recorded during the TC exercise. (3) In most of the exercises, RMS in the hip flexion phase was larger than in the hip extension phase, and each muscle exhibited a knee flexion phase/knee extension phase ratio of between 0.5 and 0.8. However, the ratio for EAO and RF exceeded this range. (4) The muscle activity for the RF muscle in the RSU and SLR exercises was large, implying excessive stress for the lumbar vertebrae. Nevertheless, these exercises induced active muscle activity, and appeared desirable to perform with sufficient attention to safety.These results suggest that RSU and SLR exercises are the most effective movements for stimulating the URA, LRA and EAO. Moreover, TC is an effective movement for training the URA, and TSU is an effective movement for training.

著者

衣笠 泰介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.44_2, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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独立行政法人日本スポーツ振興センター(JSC)と連携する地域タレント発掘・育成(TID)事業は、現在、24地域にまで拡大している。こうした中、平成25年度に立ち上げた全国規模のナショナルタレント発掘・育成(NTID)プログラムでは、将来性の豊かな人材と優れたコーチを出会わせるため、「発掘・検証・育成」の3つの段階がある。発掘においては、種目適性型、種目選抜型、種目最適(転向)型の3つのモデルがあり、コーチの眼のみならず、科学的分析を行っている。この段階では、エビデンスに基づいた測定項目の選定やワールドクラスの選考基準の設定が求められる。検証においては、成長率の算出等を通してポテンシャル(潜在力)を見極めている。育成においては、目標大会から逆算して設定した最低水準(ベンチマーク)に対するパフォーマンスを追跡している。平成28年度には、オリンピック・パラリンピック一体型発掘プログラムを開発し、クラス分けと科学的測定によるパラリンピック選手の発掘も開始した。最終的には、暦年齢よりも生物学的アプローチを通して、エビデンスを蓄積しながらオリンピック・パラリンピックパスウェイの構築を目指す。

著者

都竹 茂樹 杢子 耕一 矢部 京之介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第44回(1993) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.370, 1993-10-05 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

金子 嘉徳 荒木 達雄 木村 肇子 北田 和美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第46回(1995) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.669, 1995-09-10 (Released:2017-08-25)