著者

黒木 俊弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, 1963

著者

松倉 啓太 浅井 武

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.317-326, 2009-12-10 (Released:2010-02-13)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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The present study investigated the area covered by soccer goalkeepers during diving motions (reaching area). Goalkeepers were asked to dive towards the ball in accordance with a directional indicator that presented random electronic displays. To examine the characteristics of goalkeepers' diving motion toward each position of the ball, the time needed to reach the ball (reaching time) was measured, as well as the velocity and trajectory of the diving motion. Comparison of the reaching time for each ball height (upper, medium, and low) when each goalkeeper dived for only a short distance revealed statistically significant differences in attempts to stop the ball, the times increasing in the order medium, upper, low height. When a goalkeeper dived longer distances, there was a significant difference in the reaching time, which increased in the order medium, low, and upper height. No significant differences in reaching time were observed between the left and right sides for the same distances and heights. These results suggest that for short distances, more time is needed for relatively lower heights, whereas for longer distances, more time is needed to reach balls at relatively high levels. In terms of the velocity of the diving motion, when the center point between the shoulders was measured with the ball at longer distances, there was a trend for an acceleration phase to start 0.3 s after the directional indicator had been shown. It slowed temporarily at 0.5 s and then resumed. Meanwhile, when attempting to stop the ball at shorter distances, there was a trend for only one phase of acceleration without any stepping action (i.e., taking a running start). Moreover, temporal changes in the center position of the hand (the third metacarpophalangeal joint) that touched the ball were used to create a diagram depicting the estimated range of time needed to reach the ball. This diagram was able to clarify differences in reaching area with respect to ball height and distance.

著者

久保 晃信 西丸 房雄 田中 守 田中 宏暁 進藤 宗洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, 1995

著者

村越 真 中村 美智太郎 河合 美保

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14029, (Released:2014-10-27)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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Perception and management of risk by high altitude mountain climbers were investigated by qualitative analysis. Reports of high altitude mountain climbing collected from three books and 15 articles from mountaineering magazines were analyzed by the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and transcripts derived from semi-structured interview of six distinguished Japanese expert mountain climbers were analyzed by M-GTA (Kinoshita, 2003, 2007). The results indicated the following trends: 1) The desire for more fascinating high altitude mountain climbing routes inevitably leads climbers to face difficult and uncertain situations. 2) Such climbers are highly aware of the uncertainty derived from the high altitude environment and the exertion of climbing. 3) Because they are aware of this uncertainty, their decisions always waver between challenge and safety, and they always attempt to reduce the degree of risk. 4) Such efforts consist of two phases: risk reduction prior to the climb, and on-site avoidance of risk, each being characterized by mental simulation, avoidance of uncontrollable situations, and endeavours to salvage a positive result. 5) After the climb, ambivalent cognition between reflection on their optimism and achievement also emerges. Among all, mental simulation primed by on-site signs of risk, and risk evaluation from the viewpoint of controllability were regarded as keys to staying alive in high risk situations during high altitude mountaineering. Through this risk perception and management process, high altitude climbers possess a contradictory sense of “controllable risk” that enables them to engage in high risk activity. Overall, the characteristics of risk perception and management were similar among the materials obtained from books/magazine articles and interview transcripts. The characteristics of climbers' perception and risk management were rationalized by the characteristics of the natural environment in which they were climbing, and also from the viewpoint of the situated action (Suchman, 1987). The possible application of these findings to risk management in outdoor sports was also discussed.

著者

朝西 知徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第47回(1996) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.221, 1996-08-25 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

坂本 ゆかり 宮下 充正 木下 秀明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第33回(1982) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89, 1982-10-15 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

中垣 浩平 尾野藤 直樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13034, (Released:2014-01-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of simplified quantification of training in for a Japanese national canoe sprint team using the modified session rating of perceived exertion method. We recorded the team's training using a method that integrates the original weighting factor (WF) and the duration (time) of the training session. Training load was quantified as the product of WF and time. Training monotony was calculated by as the mean daily load divided to the standard deviation of load. Training strain was calculated by multiplying the weekly training load by training monotony. A fitness-fatigue model was applied to the relationships between training load and performance. The model-predicted performance using the training load was significantly correlated with actual paddling performance. The training load and strain were significantly correlated with resting heart rate in the early morning. These results suggest that simplified quantification of training can be used to prescribe training for the improvement of performance and the prevention of overtraining syndrome.

著者

末木 新

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16083, (Released:2017-03-06)

参考文献数

17

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Baseball is a thriving sport in Japanese high schools. However, there have been demands to shorten the instructional time for school extracurricular activities, resulting in a need to increase the effectiveness of such instruction. The present study was designed to examine the effects of three elements of team strength in high school baseball—pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength—on the outcome of a game. The materials used for analysis were the records of all of the 390 games and 780 teams involved in the National High School Baseball Championship from 2008 to 2015. Pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength were calculated using Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP), On-base Plus Slugging (OPS), and Defensive Efficiency Rating (DER), respectively. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was conducted on the game outcome as the dependent variable and team FIP, team OPS, and DER as the independent variables. This analysis showed that the team FIP (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.74—0.86), team OPS (odds ratio 8145, 95% confidence interval 1957—33898), and DER (odds ratio 5699019, 95% confidence interval 341274—95169408) were significantly associated with the outcome of the game. An assessment of the Wald statistic, which indicates the contribution rate of the dependent variables, showed that batting strength had the strongest effect on game outcome, followed by defensive strength. Compared to batting and defensive strength, pitching strength appeared to have only a small influence on game outcome. Therefore, for efficient improvement of team strength, it is considered that resources should be directed towards improving batting and defensive strength over pitching strength.

著者

宮原 祥吾 原田 健次 新海 陽平 稲葉 泰嗣 荒牧 勇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.111_1, 2017

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<p> 近年、脳の局所的な構造が運動・認知スキルと関連するという報告が相次いでいるが、スポーツ選手を対象とした報告は少ない。そこで本研究は、野球熟練者の投球コントロール能力と関連する脳部位の構造的特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。C大学野球部のピッチャー9名(右利き)に対し、的の中心点を狙った右投げ投球、左投げ投球をそれぞれ30球ずつ行わせた。それぞれの条件について的中心からの平均距離を計算した。すべての被験者のT1強調MRI脳画像を計測し、Voxel Based Morphometry解析により、それぞれの投球条件において、的中心からの距離と脳灰白質容積の相関のある脳部位を同定した。その結果、いずれの条件においても、的中心からの平均距離と右頭頂葉の灰白質容積に有意な正の相関関係が認められた。頭頂葉は、空間的な運動制御に重要な役割を果たす脳部位であり、投球コントロール能力に頭頂葉の構造的発達が重要であることが示唆された。</p>

著者

日比野 幹生 舟橋 弘晃 石井 隆憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19046, (Released:2020-01-20)

著者

重松 良祐 鎌田 真光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13001, (Released:2013-05-13)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

7 1

著者

奥村 拓朗 伊藤 雅広 近藤 智靖 今関 豊一 滝沢 洋平 岡出 美則

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20018, (Released:2020-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

著者

石川 叶絵 遠藤 俊典 田内 健二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20033, (Released:2020-10-28)

著者

前田 奎 大山卞 圭悟 関 慶太郎 水島 淳 広瀬 健一 尾縣 貢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.21-36, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate, using path analysis, causal relationships among motion factors for achieving a high release velocity in the male discus throw. The throwing motions of 61 male discus throwers were analyzed using three-dimensional motion analysis. Variables such as release velocity, velocities gained by each body segment, body segment velocity, body angle and angular velocity were obtained. The path model indicating the causal relationships among these factors was constructed by path analysis. The main results were as follows: Influences of velocities gained by each body segment on release velocity were largest for the arm, followed in order by the trunk and legs. Motion factors such as weight shift, acquisition of the velocity of the center of gravity, sweeping the legs, rotations of the hip and shoulder, twisting and untwisting of the trunk, acquisition of the velocity of the right knee and extension of the left knee had direct or indirect influences on the velocities gained by each body segment. Motion factors in the path model revealed causal relationships along the time sequence of the throwing motion. In addition, the path model in this study indicated the cause and effect structure of the throwing motion by which Japanese male discus throwers were able to achieve a high release velocity. The results of this study can be utilized for technical coaching of the discus throw based on causal relationships.

著者

有冨 公教 外山 美樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.315-334, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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The purposes of this study were to examine the functions of thought during a sport task performance from the perspectives of objective recognition by researchers and subjective recognition by the participants themselves. Participants (n=30) were assigned to two different incentive presentation conditions (acquisition or loss according to achievement of the task) and were required to complete a dart throwing task while stating their thoughts aloud while executing it. A protocol analysis of the utterances revealed the following 10 thought categories: internal focus, external focus, psychological self-control, cognition of anxiety and tension, positive self-evaluation or emotion, negative self-evaluation or emotion, irrelevant thought, active attitude, passive attitude, and performance analysis. Six participants who completed the experimental task were interviewed and the data were examined using Personal Attitude Construct (PAC) analysis. In the interview, participants were required to generate the original thought categories from their own protocol and to interpret the thought contents and functions in the performance. Furthermore, cluster analysis with a similarity distance matrix of the generated thought categories revealed the overall structure of thought in each individual. These results showed that recognition of the contents and functions of thought during performance of a sport differed between the researchers and the participants. According to this, for example, even though thought is generally considered as negative thinking, depending on the individuals involved in the task, it could be recognized as positive thinking. The results of this study suggested that, to understand the function of thought during a sports performance, it is necessary to understand the context in which an individual is placed and to base the interpretation on the meaning and experience for the individual.

著者

佐々木 究

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.279-291, 2009-12-10 (Released:2010-02-13)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper is part of a study performed to clarify certain aspects of primitive thought related to physical education (PE), as outlined in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.Some studies of Rousseau have focused on PE, but in my view these are not based on the positive foundation, and there is no reference to the term “physical education (éducation physique)” in his works. Nevertheless, it is possible to demonstrate connections between Rousseau and PE. It is evident that the “father of modern PE”, GutsMuths, was influenced by Rousseau, and many discussions in this field have, in fact, been based on Rousseau. This study focuses not on PE itself, but on a prototype concept that is recognizable in Rousseau's works.For this purpose, this paper attempts to analyze the context, especially public education focusing on the human body. In general, the terms “human body (corps)” and “education (éducation)” are understood as the elements of PE, and discussion of public education can be seen as one of the bases of Rousseau's thoughts about education, containing some important descriptions about the human body.The main points presented in this paper are as follow:Body exercise (exercices corporels) in public education, which has been accepted as the “PE of Rousseau”, is an approach to education with two purposes: moral and physical. Exercise is based on “negative education” aiming at the “child”, which is one of the main concepts of Rousseau's education thought. Furthermore, some value is placed on the whole process, where public education goes on to developing patriotism (l'amour de la patrie) in children (i.e. future citizens). Finally, exercise, a method of education, is balanced between the demand for public education and the restriction imposed by negative education.

著者

関 巴瑠花 三浦 哲都 向井 香瑛 工藤 和俊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第69回(2018) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.111_2, 2018 (Released:2019-01-18)

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緊張や不安を感じながらも大観衆の前で美しく踊るバレリーナには、どのような心理生理学的な反応が生じているのだろうか。これまでパフォーマンス不安による心理生理学的な反応は、主に実験室での模擬的な環境内で測定されてきており、実環境におけるパフォーマンス本番での測定は極めて少ない。また、パフォーマンス不安に関する研究は楽器演奏をする音楽家や低強度運動時のスポーツ選手を対象にしたものが多く、同様の結果が中から高強度で運動をする人にも当てはまるかどうかは不明である。そこで本研究ではパフォーマンス不安が、中から高強度運動時の心拍数にどのような影響を与えるのか検討した。実際の観衆(400名以上)の前で踊るプロのバレリーナ1名が、中から高強度の運動強度で踊っている最中のR-R間隔を心拍計により計測した。心拍数はR-R間隔より算出した。舞台上でのリハーサルと本番での心拍数を比較した。その結果、本番での最大心拍数は180拍/分を超えており、リハーサル時よりも本番中の方がおよそ10拍/分心拍数が高かった。これらの結果から、中から高強度運動時においても、パフォーマンス不安により心拍数が増加することが明らかになった。

著者

森丘 保典 杉田 正明 松尾 彰文 岡田 英孝 阿江 通良 小林 寛道

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.414-421, 2000-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between features of change in velocity and performance of world class athletes in the men's 400-m hurdle race(400mH).Nine final races of 400mH were videotaped with several video cameras panning from the start to the finish at 60 fields/s.After the time indication had been superimposed on each field of the VTR images, the time at touchdown immediately after hurdling was obtained.Using the flash of the starter's gun recorded on the VTR image, each hurdle touchdown time from the start, and each section thme(from each hurdle to the next)was obtained.The results of regression analysis showed a significantly high correlation (r=0.90, p<0.001)between 400mH performance and mean section velocity from the 5th to the 8th hurdle(H5-8), and a significant correlation(r=-0.61, p<0.05)between 400mH performance and te rate of deceleration in H5-8.These results indicate that in 400mH it is important to avoid decreasing velocity and to maintain a high velocity in H5-8 of the race in order to attain a high performance.

著者

内藤 景 苅山 靖 宮代 賢治 山元 康平 尾縣 貢 谷川 聡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.523-538, 2013 (Released:2013-12-07)

参考文献数

32

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the step characteristics during the acceleration phase (0—30 m) of a 100-m sprint with reference to the step-type of sprinters. 59 male collegiate sprinters (season best time: 10.68±0.22 s) were recorded running in 100-m races using 10 high-speed video cameras (300 fps). The step variables, such as step-frequency (SF), step-length (SL), contact time, and flight time of each step in the acceleration phase (0—30 m) and maximum speed phase (30—60 m) were calculated. Cluster analysis was used to classify the subjects according to step-type as indicators for the ratio of SF and SL in the 30—60 m section. In addition, each of the step-type groups was divided into two sub-groups (good and poor sprinters) according to the mean speed in the 30—60 m section. The main results were as follows: (1) Sprinters were classifiable into 3 step-type groups; SL-type (n=22), SF-type (n=24), and Mid-type (n=13). (2) Among these groups, there were no differences in the 100-m race times and mean speeds during the 0—30, 30—60, and 60—100 m sections, although SL-type sprinters were taller and had a higher SLindex than SF-type sprinters. SF-type sprinters took a larger numbers of steps over the 100-m distance and showed a higher SFindex than SL-type and Mid-type sprinters. (3) In the 0—30 m and 30—60 m sections, the contact and flight times of SL-type sprinters were longer than those of SF-type sprinters. (4) In SL-type sprinters, the SF of good sprinters was higher than that of poor sprinters at the 5th step, and the SL of good sprinters was longer than that of poor sprinters from the 7th to 15th steps, and in the 30—60 m section. (5) SF-type sprinters showed no significant differences in the SL, but the SF of good sprinters was higher than that of poor sprinters from the 7th to 16th steps and in the 30—60 m section. These results indicate that there are differences in step characteristics during the acceleration phase according to step-type, and that the step characteristics during the acceleration phase may affect the acceleration ability needed to develop a maximum sprint speed. These findings could be useful for devising training methods for improvement of 100-m sprint performance according to step-type.

著者

工藤 龍太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第69回(2018) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71_2, 2018 (Released:2019-01-18)

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講道館柔道創始者の嘉納治五郎は様々な武術を研究し、「武術としての柔道」を生涯にわたり探求し続けた。柔道が競技スポーツとして普及していく一方で、柔道の武術性が失われていくことを危惧した嘉納は、修行者に形と乱取稽古の併修を説いた。昭和2(1927)年までに嘉納が完成させた精力善用国民体育の形(以下「精力善用の形」)は、2人で行う相対動作に加えて1人で行う単独動作が含まれている点で、柔道の形としては画期的なものであり、集団体操としても採用されるなどの展開があった。先行研究では、この形が国民体育の実施と当身技の習得といった体育的・武術的観点から、柔道をより優れたものにするために嘉納が創案したものであり、嘉納にとって理想の柔道の形であったことが指摘されてきた。本発表では、嘉納の理想的な柔道を具現化した精力善用の形が戦前の体育や武道の世界に与えた影響や、様々なレベルの実践者たちの反応がどのようなものであったかを資料に基づき調査しながら、戦前の精力善用体育の形の展開過程を明らかにしたい。