著者

林 剛 舘 知也 髙岡 みらい 野口 義紘 寺町 ひとみ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.9, pp.1151-1164, 2020-09-01 (Released:2020-09-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

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Pharmacists working in collaboration with doctors are mainly involved in proposals and inquiries of prescription. At such times, belief conflicts are expected to deteriorate teamwork and induce stress. However, there is no strong evidence for this. To clarify factors resulting in belief conflicts, we conducted a survey among 594 pharmacists working at medical institutions in Gifu City and belonging to Gifu Pharmaceutical Association or Gifu Prefectural Society of Hospital Pharmacists between January 2019 and April 2019. The items of the survey were gender, place of employment, pharmacist working experience (years), awareness of “professional competencies for pharmacists” stated in Model Core Curriculum for Pharmacy Education —2015 version—, whether each item of “professional competencies for pharmacists” is applicable to himself/herself or not, whether teamwork deteriorates and stress occurs due to proposals and inquiries of prescription or not, and Assessment of Belief Conflict in Relationship-14 (ABCR-14). The recovery rate of the questionnaire was 50.3% and the valid response rate was 77.6%. Multiple logistic regression and Bayesian network analyses revealed that “I can empathize with a patient's feelings and emotions, but I experience difficulty with unfair criticism” commonly resulted in teamwork deterioration due to proposals of prescription. “Pharmacist working experience years (more than 10 years)” and “The other staff make unreasonable demands of me in the work” commonly resulted in stress. Thus, belief conflicts in therapeutic relationships result in teamwork deterioration and stress in prescription proposals.

著者

綿引 智成

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.9, pp.850-854, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

15

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大麻草を乾燥または樹脂化した大麻には,カンナビノイド(CB)と呼ばれる60種類以上の活性成分が含まれ,古来より鎮痛や食欲増進等の目的で使用されてきた.しかし,陶酔感,短期の記憶・認識障害,または起立性低血圧を引き起こし,さらには依存性リスクも有することから,一部の国や州を除き大麻の医療目的使用は禁止されている.一方,1960年代に,大麻の主活性成分がΔ9-テトラヒドロカンナビノール(tetrahydrocannabinol:THC)であることが報告され,1990年代にはTHCの生体内標的分子としてカンナビノイド受容体タイプ1およびタイプ2(cannabinoid receptor type I and type II:CB1 and CB2)が同定された.さらに,CB受容体に対する生体内アゴニストとしてアナンダミド(anandamide:AEA)および2-アラキドノイルグリセロール(2-arachidonoylglycerol:2-AG)が発見され,それらに対する主要分解酵素がそれぞれ脂肪酸アミド加水分解酵素(fatty acid amide hydrolase:FAAH)およびモノアシルグリセロールリパーゼ(monoacylglycerol lipase:MAGL)であることも明らかとなっている(図1).本稿では,これらカンナビノイド系分子を標的とした医薬品開発状況を,各種データベースおよび文献情報からまとめたので概説する(表1).

著者

富田 隆 幸田 幸直 工藤 賢三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.3, pp.353-356, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 4

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For patients with dysphagia in medical facilities and nursing homes, food thickeners are routinely used to aid the ingestion of medicines such as tablets. However, some types of thickeners affect the disintegration and dissolution of tablets, such as rapidly-disintegrating magnesium oxide tablets and donepezil hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets. Additionally, delayed disintegration and dissolution of tablets affect a drug's efficacy. As an example, with Voglibose orally disintegrating tablets, marked differences are observed in changes in glucose levels during glucose tolerance testing. When using food thickeners to aid tablet ingestion, it is therefore necessary to select a product that has little effect on drug disintegration, dissolution, and activity.

著者

柴田 承二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.156-161, 1998

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

著者

岸本 桂子 羽坂 亜希子 山浦 克典 福島 紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.10, pp.1401-1413, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

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Pharmacy is required to shift toward human service such as hearing the complaints of health. But the study about help-seeking behavior to pharmacist is not really investigated. We hypothesized that a decrease in expression visibility, due to pharmacists' typical masks, may negatively impact help-seeker' trust in pharmacist. The sample included 100 drugstore customers aged ≥18 years. Participants were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to two groups: evaluation of clear-masked and normal-masked pharmacists. After viewing a video with either male or female pharmacists wearing either clear or normal masks, participants completed a questionnaire. The primary outcome was trust in pharmacist measured by the Trust Scale and the secondary outcome was impression of the pharmacist measured by nineteen pairs of adjectives. There were no differences by gender on trust scores. Results revealed that both male and female pharmacists who wore clear masks were rated as more trustworthy than normal-masked pharmacists (p<0.001, d=0.903, and p=0.001, d=0.716, respectively). Sixteen of nineteen adjectives reported for pharmacists wearing normal masks indicated greater negative intention than those with clear masks (d=0.431-1.469). In most cases, among pharmacists wearing clear masks, results showed positive correlations between trust and each impression adjective (r=0.279-0.710). Our findings indicate that pharmacists wearing normal masks, which partially hide facial expressions, may decrease customer's trust in pharmacist. Further, normal masks were associated with negative impression. To avoid the inhibition of help-seek behavior, we recommend that pharmacists wear a clear mask and increase non-verbal communication.

著者

西田 圭吾 内田 亮太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.7, pp.675-679, 2018 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

16

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亜鉛は生命活動に必要とされる必須微量金属元素の1つであり、1960年代に相次いで報告された亜鉛欠乏症が契機となって様々な生体機能における亜鉛の関与が示されている.亜鉛の恒常性は亜鉛トランスポーターやメタロチオネインによって制御されており、主として遺伝子ノックアウトマウスを用いた一連の研究によって哺乳類の初期発生、全身成長、生体防御機能などにおける亜鉛の恒常性の意義が分子レベルで明らかになりつつある.一方、外傷や感染症で皮膚の表皮層が壊されると、止血と炎症から始まる極めて複雑な一連の生体反応が起こる.その治癒にいたるまでの過程を皮膚創傷治癒という.この皮膚創傷治癒に、亜鉛がポジティブに制御していることは古くから知られていた.しかしながら、具体的に亜鉛が皮膚創傷治癒の過程にどのような役割を担っているか十分に理解されていなかった.今回、マスト細胞が放出する亜鉛が皮膚創傷治癒を制御する新しい機序に関して、著者らの研究グループで得られた知見を中心に紹介する.

著者

竹田 修三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.10, pp.1093-1101, 2013-10-01 (Released:2013-10-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

10 10

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Considerable attention has focused on cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotropic constituent of fiber-type cannabis plant, and it has been reported to possess diverse biological activities. Although CBD is obtained from non-enzymatic decarboxylation of its parent molecule, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), several studies have investigated whether CBDA itself is biologically active. In the present report, the author summarizes findings indicating that; 1) CBDA is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, and ii) CBDA possesses an anti-migrative potential for highly invasive cancer cells, apparently through a mechanism involving inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, coupled with an activation of the small GTPase, RhoA. Further, the author introduces recent findings on the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of the CBD derivative, CBD-2′,6′-dimethyl ether (CBDD), that exhibits inhibitory activity toward 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), an enzyme responsible for the production of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). These studies establish CBD as both an important experimental tool and as a lead compound for pharmaceutical development. In this review, the author further discusses the potential uses of CBD and its derivatives in future medicines.

著者

小林 直也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.12, pp.1159, 2022 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

5

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望みの標的タンパク質と特異的に結合するタンパク質を設計し,タンパク質相互作用を自由自在に制御することができれば,新しい医薬品の開発への応用が期待できる.これまで結合タンパク質を設計するには,標的タンパク質が他のタンパク質と結合した複合体構造が必要であり,標的タンパク質の立体構造情報のみを用いて結合タンパク質を設計する一般的な方法はなかった.本稿では,標的タンパク質の立体構造情報のみを用いて,任意の標的タンパク質の特定の部位に結合するタンパク質を設計する手法を開発したCaoらによる研究を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Cao L. et al., Nature, 605, 551–560(2022).2) Dou J. et al., Nature, 561, 485–491(2018).3) Rocklin G. J. et al., Science, 357, 168–175(2017).4) Chevalier A. et al., Nature, 550, 74–79(2017).5) Jumper J. et al., Nature, 596, 583–589(2021).

著者

須藤 鎮世

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.11, pp.1197-1211, 2015-11-01 (Released:2015-11-01)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

5 7

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The linear no-threshold model (LNT) was recommended in 1956, with abandonment of the traditional threshold dose-response for genetic risk assessment. Adoption of LNT by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) became the standard for radiation regulation worldwide. The ICRP recommends a dose limit of 1 mSv/year for the public, which is too low and which terrorizes innocent people. Indeed, LNT arose mainly from the lifespan survivor study (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors. The LSS, which asserts linear dose-response and no threshold, is challenged mainly on three points. 1) Radiation doses were underestimated by half because of disregard for major residual radiation, resulting in cancer risk overestimation. 2) The dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) of 2 is used, but the actual DDREF is estimated as 16, resulting in cancer risk overestimation by several times. 3) Adaptive response (hormesis) is observed in leukemia and solid cancer cases, consistently contradicting the linearity of LNT. Drastic reduction of cancer risk moves the dose-response curve close to the control line, allowing the setting of a threshold. Living organisms have been evolving for 3.8 billion years under radiation exposure, naturally acquiring various defense mechanisms such as DNA repair mechanisms, apoptosis, and immune response. The failure of LNT lies in the neglect of carcinogenesis and these biological mechanisms. Obstinate application of LNT continues to cause tremendous human, social, and economic losses. The 60-year-old LNT must be rejected to establish a new scientific knowledge-based system.

著者

森野 博文 小泉 朋子 三浦 孝典 福田 俊昭 柴田 高

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.9, pp.1017-1022, 2013-09-01 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 1

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Noroviruses are one of the most important causes of acute gastroenteritis throughout the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a chlorine dioxide gas-generating gel (ClO2 gel, 60 g) against feline calicivirus (FCV), a norovirus surrogate, in the wet state on glass dishes in a test sink (43 cm long, 75 cm wide, and 29 cm deep). The ClO2 gel permits sustained release of gaseous ClO2 (1.7 mg/h at 25°C), and was placed in one corner of the test sink. The glass dishes containing FCV suspension were placed at three positions in the test sink. We demonstrated that FCV was inactivated within 5h (>2 or >3 log10 reductions at three positions, n=20) in the test sink where the ClO2 gel was placed. These small quantities of ClO2 gel might be a useful tool for reducing the risk of infection by norovirus in wet environments such as kitchens and bathrooms under optimal condition.

著者

井上 雄一 作田 慶輔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.11, pp.1026-1030, 2010-11-01 (Released:2018-08-23)

参考文献数

15

著者

奥山 治美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.11, pp.833-852, 2005-11-01 (Released:2005-11-01)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

1 1

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The cholesterol hypothesis implies that reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol and increasing that of polyunsaturated fatty acid are effective in lowering serum total cholesterol (TC), and thereby reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, these dietary recommendations are essentially ineffective in reducing TC in the long run, but rather increase mortalitiy rates from CHD and all causes. The reported “apparent relative risk of high TC in CHD mortality” (the ratio of mortality at the highest/lowest TC levels) varied several-fold among populations studied. The incidence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in a population was proposed to be a critical factor in the observed variability, which could be accounted for by assuming that 1) the high CHD mortality rate in high-TC groups is mainly a reflection of the incidence and severity of FH, and 2) high TC is not a causative factor of CHD in non-FH cases. This interpretation is supported by recent observations that high TC is not positively associated with high CHD mortality rates among general populations more than 40—50 years of age. More importantly, higher TC values are associated with lower cancer and all-cause mortality rates among these populations, in which relative proportions of FH are likely to be low (circa 0.2%). Although the effectiveness of statins in preventing CHD has been accepted in Western countries, little benefit seems to resulf from efforts to limit dietary cholesterol intake or to TC values to less than approximately 260 mg/dl among the general population and the elderly. Instead, an unbalanced intake of ω6 over ω3 polyunsaturated fats favors the production of eicosanoids, the actions of which lead to the production of inflammatory and thrombotic lipid mediators and altered cellular signaling and gene expression, which are major risk factors for CHD, cancers, and shorter longevity. Based on the data reviewed here, it is urgent to change the direction of current cholesterol-related medication for the prevention of CHD, cancer, and all-cause mortality.

著者

大町 康

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.4, pp.557-563, 2015 (Released:2015-04-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 2

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When radionuclides are accidentally ingested or inhaled, blood circulation or tissue/organ deposition of the radionuclides causes systemic or local radiation effects. In such cases, decorporation therapy is used to reduce the health risks due to their intake. Decorporation therapy includes reduction and/or inhibition of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, isotopic dilution, and the use of diuretics, adsorbents, and chelating agents. For example, penicillamine is recommended as a chelating agent for copper contamination, and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid is approved for the treatment of internal contamination with plutonium. During chelation therapy, the removal effect of the drugs should be monitored using a whole-body counter and/or bioassay. Some authorities, such as the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and International Atomic Energy Agency, have reported recommended decorporation agents for each radionuclide. However, few drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and many are off-label-use agents. Because many decontamination agents are drugs that have been available for a long time and have limited efficacy, the development of new, higher-efficacy drugs has been carried out mainly in the USA and France. In this article, in addition to an outline of decorporation agents for internal radioactive contamination, an outline of our research on decorporation agents for actinide (uranium and plutonium) contamination and for radio-cesium contamination is also presented.

著者

穐山 浩 杉本 直樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.522-527, 2014 (Released:2016-07-02)

参考文献数

17

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2012年5月11日に消費者庁から「コチニール色素に関する注意喚起」として,コチニール色素が添加された食品を摂取したとき,急性アレルギー(アナフィラキシー)を引き起こした症例研究情報の提供が報告された.アナフィラキシーを発症した場合,じん麻疹,血管性の浮腫,呼吸困難などが同時に起こり,重篤な症状となる場合もあるため注意が必要である.コチニール色素は,赤色の着色を目的として食品添加物だけでなく,医薬品添加物,医薬部外品や化粧品など様々な用途で使用されている.消費者庁の注意喚起を受けて,コチニール色素によって引き起こされるアレルギーの実態把握,ならびに原因解明が急務となっている.本稿では,レギュラトリーサイエンスの観点から我が国と諸外国の規格を元に,コチニール色素,そのアルミニウム結合物(レーキ)であるカルミンがどのような色素であるかについて説明する.また,最近の知見を交えながら,コチニール色素とアレルギーの実態および原因解明について解説する.

著者

高木 彬光 橋本 庸平 大村 栄之助

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.257-262, 1967-04-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

船山 信次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.9, pp.827-831, 2016 (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

8

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アサは古くから人類によって利用され、その繊維は一般に麻と書く。一方、単に麻というと種々の繊維が採れる異なる植物の総称であることから、アサを大麻と称することがある。大麻というと、「大麻取締法」で規制されているドラッグのイメージがあるが、大麻という言葉には本来悪い意味はない。ここではアサの来歴から、アサが大麻取締法にて規制されようになったいきさつ、そして、大麻吸引から派生した危険ドラッグの誕生とその正体について述べる。

著者

宮尾 佳伸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.44-46, 2002-01-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

11

著者

野口 敦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.58-59, 2016 (Released:2018-08-26)

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私は2006年に薬学部を卒業後,大学院修士課程を経て,2008年に医薬品医療機器総合機構(PMDA)に入構した.本誌の読者はご存じかもしれないが,PMDAは,厚生労働省所管の独立行政法人であり,①医薬品の副作用または生物由来製品を介した感染等による健康被害に対する迅速な救済,②治験前から承認まで一貫した体制での医薬品や医療機器の品質・有効性・安全性に関する指導・審査,③製造販売後の安全性情報の収集・分析・提供,を通じて国民の保健向上に貢献することを目的とした組織である.PMDAの業務内容は多岐にわたるが,これらのうち,私が実際に携わった業務についてご紹介したい.

著者

富山 健一 舩田 正彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.2, pp.179-192, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-02-01)

参考文献数

31

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In most countries marijuana is regulated by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. In Japan marijuana use is illegal under the Marijuana Control Law. In USA, marijuana is also classified as a schedule I drug, which is the most stringent regulation category under federal law. On the other hand, California became the first state to legalize marijuana for medical uses in 1996. Since then, several other US states have approved marijuana for medical or recreational use. However, marijuana remains completely illegal in most states, while some allow only cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from marijuana for medical use. In June 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Epidiolex, the first marijuana-derived drug, containing purified CBD, to treat certain rare childhood seizure syndromes. Therefore the situation surrounding control of marijuana in USA is complex. Recently, a definite trend toward reconsidering marijuana regulation has been seen around the world, which could have a major impact on marijuana policy in Japan. In this review, we investigated existing medical and recreational marijuana laws in various US states, with a focus on California, which approved recreational use in 2018. Here, we describe the current state of marijuana regulation in terms of both medical and recreational use. In addition, we discuss public safety issues associated with marijuana, including crime, traffic accidents, and emergency department visits from possible marijuana exposure, as well as generated tax revenues, from official marijuana-related reports in Colorado, which legalized marijuana use in 2012.

著者

安居 昌子 坂内 慎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.530-533, 2016 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

22

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昨年消費者庁が機能性表示制度の導入を開始し,睡眠に関する機能性表示の届け出が受理された商品を市場で見かけるようになった.グリシンは機能性表示が受理された成分の一つであり,摂取すると脳の視交叉上核にあるNMDA受容体に作用し,末梢血流の増加,深部体温の低下を介して睡眠の質が向上することが報告されている.本稿ではグリシンを中心に最近の睡眠改善食品成分のメカニズム,効果に関する最近の研究開発の紹介を試みることとする.