著者

浅田 和哉

出版者

独立行政法人 労働安全衛生総合研究所

雑誌

労働安全衛生研究 (ISSN:18826822)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.61, 2009 (Released:2009-06-30)

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労働安全衛生総合研究所は、職場における労働者の安全と健康の確保を目的として、総合的な調査研究を行うとともに、労働災害の原因究明のための専門的な調査等を行っています。

出版者

刊

著者

井上 博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会

雑誌

心電図 (ISSN:02851660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.Suppl3, pp.75-83, 2007-05-25 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

36

著者

edited by Adam Parry

出版者

Clarendon Press

巻号頁・発行日

1971

著者

Simon Hornblower

出版者

Oxford University Press

巻号頁・発行日

1991

著者

TASUKU KIMURA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.190219, (Released:2019-04-02)

被引用文献数

13

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Recent fossil records have suggested that human erect bipedal locomotion started in Africa probably more than 6 million years ago. However, debate continues regarding how locomotion was acquired by our prehuman ancestors. Fossils and the genetic traits of recent humans and animals cannot answer this question directly. Therefore, the present paper reviews acquisition models of human bipedalism and explanations regarding how humans acquired bipedalism based on a comparative kinesiology of contemporary mammal species. Nonhuman primates are adequate models of human bipedal acquisition because of not only the phylogenetically close relationship with humans, but also the trend toward hindlimb dominance and orthograde positional behavior in daily life. Although dissimilar to the erect bipedalism seen in humans, nonhuman primates adopt bipedal positional behavior in the wild. All nonhuman primates use the arboreal environment, but some groups of species utilize the ground predominantly. Compared with relatively terrestrial nonhuman primates, relatively arboreal primates show more similarities with humans in their bipedal locomotion. Comparisons among primate species and between nonhuman primates and nonprimate mammals indicate that human-like bipedal characteristics are strongly related to arboreal life. Our prehuman ancestors likely started and adapted to bipedal locomotion while living in trees; this process is referred to as the generalized arboreal activity model. When humans began terrestrial locomotion, they likely performed proficient bipedalism from the first step. The generalized arboreal activity model presented here does not contradict the fossil records.

著者

前川 芳秀 津田 良夫 沢辺 京子

出版者

日本衛生動物学会

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.1-12, 2016-03-25 (Released:2016-09-25)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

7 12

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A nationwide survey of mosquito distribution in Japan was carried out in 2013 and 2014, in order to determine the current distribution of vector mosquitoes. Forty-two study sites located either in coastal or inland areas were selected from Hokkaido to Kyushu, and mosquitos were collected using CDC-like traps with 1 kg of dry ice (dry ice traps), a sweeping net and a dipper for collecting larvae. Ten dry ice traps were operated at each study site for 3 or 4 days. Larvae were collected from various bodies of water and carried to the laboratory, where they were reared until adult for species identification. The locations of the trap and larval collection sites were recorded using GPS. A total of 16,608 mosquitoes of 44 species and 11 genera were collected in this study. Adult density ranged between 0.002 and 16.51 adults/trap night among the 34 species collected by the dry ice traps. The geographical and altitudinal distributions of the mosquito species were compared. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens group, Aedes albopictus, and Cx. orientalis were distributed widely and with a relatively high density of >2 adults/trap night, suggesting that these species are of high medical importance. In Hokkaido Ae. excrucians, Culiseta nipponica, and Ae. punctor/communis were collected at relatively high densities ranging between 0.51 and 1.98 adults/trap night, and are thus considered a locally abundant species.

著者

Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen

出版者

Oxford University Press

巻号頁・発行日

2004

著者

徐 章拓

出版者

東京農工大学

巻号頁・発行日

2014-09-17

著者

木下 こづえ 菊地 デイル 万次郎

出版者

京都大学ヒマラヤ研究会; 京都大学霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院; 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究ユニット

雑誌

ヒマラヤ学誌 : Himalayan Study Monographs (ISSN:09148620)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.65-71, 2017-03-28

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特集1: ヒマラヤ研究ユニット = Special Issue 1: Contribution from the Kyoto University Unit for Himalayan Studies本誌公刊にあたっては、京都大学学士山岳会、京都大学「霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス」・リーディング大学院からの助成をうけました。Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a big cat species well adapted to life at high altitudes in the Himalayan Mountains. They have some unique characteristics which are not common among other big cat species, such as, they cannot roar unlike other big cats, but they make a prusten call (the short sound of air expelled through the nostrils) like tigers. They are categorized as "Endangered" in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. One of their main problems is that herders kill snow leopards because they prey on livestock. For preliminary research on snow leopards, we visited their natural habitat in the Baga Bogd Mountains in south Mongolia and Ladakh in India. Here we discuss the conflicts and relationships between humans and snow leopards in these two countries. Mongolia is the next largest snow leopard habitat after China. In southern Mongolia, nomadic people have long lived in harmony with nature by traditional ecological knowledge. However, recently the number of nomadic people have increased production of cashmere sheep since they were allowed private property rights after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This caused excessive pasturing and the expansion of dry areas. Also, environmental destruction is caused by the development of mining and transportation infrastructure. We used camera traps to survey snow leopards in Baga Bogd mountain, southern Mongolia. Although Baga Bogd Mountain is a relatively small mountain, we could take photos of snow leopards; including cubs. From these pictures, we found that their territories overlapped and this mountain can be a important breeding ground for snow leopards. In this country, there remain many areas that have not been surveyed for snow leopards yet. Although Mongolia has urbanized rapidly, this country has a large number of snow leopards. We hope the natural nomadic culture will support the coexistence of humans and snow leopards in the future. Ladakh has conflict between humans and snow leopards as well. Unlike the nomadic people in southern Mongolia, people in Ladakh lives in steep mountain valleys largely overlapping with the habitat of snow leopards. Therefore it could stimulate livestock depredation by snow leopards. Indeed, we have encountered livestock depredation by snow leopard at the village in Ladakh in April 2016. Moreover, it is reported that livestock depredation increases from February to April. It may be related to the fact in this season, many female snow leopards become pregnant, and thus it may increase their energy demand. Also, other prey species density in this season may decrease due to the hibernation and migration, and thus it may increase livestock predation rate. Based on this we hypothesized that the rate of livestock predation by snow leopards changes with the physiological state of snow leopards and seasonal changes of the prey density. We are planning future research to evaluate this hypothesis as the next step.

著者

長崎 郁

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.41-54, 2013-03-25

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This paper describes the morphology and functions of verb inflectional forms in Kolyma Yukaghir.It also discusses the grammatical characteristicsof Kolyma Yukaghir participles and examines the difference between participles and deverbal derivatives. The main points of this paper are as follows: (1) Verb forms in Kolyma Yukaghir can be divided into three types according to their syntactic functions: finite forms, participles,and converbs. Although the finite forms, the converbs,and one of the participles (theJE-participle) are monofunctional, two of the participles, the ME-participle and the L-participle,are multifunctional.The ME-participlecan be used in adjectival and main clauses, and the L-Participlecan be used in adjectival, nominal,and main clauses. (2) The distinction between participles and deverbal derivatives cannot always be made by the preservation of the argument structures. Indeed, they have clear differencesin the possibilities for marking some verbal categories(person/number of the subject, tense,and evidentiality). (3) The three participles also vary in the possibilities for marking verbal categories. The ME-participle is formally similar to finite forms. The L-participle exhibits similarities to finite forms and nouns. The JE-participle is similar to the converbs, in that the two forms show few verbal characteristics.

著者

長崎 郁

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.11-22, 2012-03-26

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This paper discusses the characteristics of the proprietive suffix -n’e/-n’ in Kolyma Yukaghir. The suffix -n’e/-n’ derives denominal verbs that roughly mean “have N.” The derived verb has three syntactic functions: predicative function (in independent form), adnominal function (in participle form), and adverbial function (in converb form). A derived verb sometimes has an existential meaning, “N exists.” The main points of this paper are as following: (1) The meaning of N (possessee noun) concerns the syntax and the semantics of -n’e/-n’: (a) With an inalienable possesee noun, especially an “everyone”-type possesee noun (Tsunoda 1995), N-n’e/-n’ is usually used with a modifier, otherwise the derived verb indicates “have special (many, big, etc.) N.” (b) With an alienable possessee noun, N-n’e/-n’ implies not only typical possession but also possession at that very moment, for example, “wear N,” “be with N,” and “carry N.” (2) As compared to the existential verb l’e- with locative noun, which sometimes implies the possession meaning, the usage of -n’e/-n’ is pragmatically limited: (a) The suffix -n’e/-n’ is usually used when the possessor is treated as the topic, otherwise the existential l’e- verb is preferred. (b) The suffix -n’e/-n’ is not used when the information about the possessee is requested; in such a case, the existential l’e- verb is preferred.

著者

明徐彦純撰

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[1], 1000

著者

神庭 重信 Kanba Shigenobu

出版者

福岡医学会

雑誌

福岡医学雑誌 (ISSN:0016254X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.11, pp.281-285, 2004-11-25

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外傷後ストレス障害(PTSD)は,テロや阪神淡路大震災などを機に一般社会にも広く認識され,受診患者数も増加している.PTSDの中核症状としては,①過覚醒(交感神経系の亢進状態が続き不眠やイライラなどが認められる),②再体験(原因となった外傷的な体験が意図しないのに繰り返し思い出されたり夢に登場したりする),③回避(体験を思い出すような状況や場面を意識的あるいは無意識的に避け続ける),および④感情や感覚などの反応性が麻痺する,の4つが挙げられる.こうした臨床症状の生物学的本態は,強度の情動ストレスを受けたという記憶(情動記憶)が強く刻み込まれてしまうことにあると考え,動物モデルをもちいて,PTSDのメカニズムの研究を進めてきた.そのターゲットは,海馬における,CREBと呼ばれる遺伝子転写調節因子のダイナミクスと神経新生と呼ばれる現象である.ここではその一部の結果を紹介する.

著者

佐保 辰典

出版者

医用画像情報学会

雑誌

医用画像情報学会雑誌 (ISSN:09101543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.xxxvi-xxxviii, 2014 (Released:2014-08-26)

参考文献数

13

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The Arterial disease caused by lifestyle, and mortality is 30% or more. Atherosclerosis is contributed not only medical factor, but also the stress by hemodynamics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stress in the carotid artery using computed fluid dynamics analysis. We made computational fluid dynamics analysis system by open sourse softwear. And we evaluated stress and flow velocity using a carotid artery model that was based MRA images. The carotid bifurcation analysis model showed a voltex flow and a decrease in flow velocity in the carotid bulb area. The finding results suggested that hemodynamics contributes to the atherosclerosis.

著者

神崎 宣次

出版者

関西倫理学会

雑誌

倫理学研究 (ISSN:03877485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.146, 2009 (Released:2018-03-15)

著者

大橋 めぐみ

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.3, pp.139-153, 2002-03-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 3

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本研究では,日本の条件不利地域における小規模なルーラルツーリズムの可能性と限界を明らかにするため,長野県栄村秋山郷の事例を取り上げ,ツーリズムの需給構造ならびにツーリズム資源となるルーラルアメニティの保全との関連に注目して検討した.秋山郷を訪れるツーリストは,ルーラルアメニティを構成する要素のうち自然的・文化的要素への関心が高く,リピーターを中心に満足度も高い.しかし,農業的要素への需要は十分満たされていない.地域住民は,農業や建設業との複合経営の一環として,低コストで小規模な宿泊施設を経営してきたが,近年は経営の維持が困難となっている.こうしたツーリズムは文化的要素の維持には貢献してきたものの,農業的要素の維持には結び付いてこなかった.ルーラルアメニティの劣化はツーリズム自体の存立を脅かすものであるが,その保全のためにはツーリストやツーリズムに携わる住民のみでなく,地域住民全体を含めた保全の枠組が必要である.

著者

江崎 治朗 板垣 勝彦

出版者

警察政策学会 ; 1999-

雑誌

警察政策

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.171-186, 2018

著者

浜崎 雄平

出版者

日本小児医事出版社

雑誌

小児科臨床 (ISSN:0021518X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.p540-544, 1980-03

著者

野田 達夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.182-183, 2017-04-20 (Released:2017-10-01)

参考文献数

2

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私語をする,居眠りをする……など,学生が授業に集中せずクラスの秩序が失われていくさまは,新任教員にとって時に恐怖を感じさせるものとなる。筆者はこれまでに,アクティブラーニング(以下AL)型授業による授業改善に取り組んできた。本稿では,AL型授業を行った際の学生の様子について紹介する。