著者
本多 新平
出版者
關西大学經済學會
雑誌
關西大學經済論集 (ISSN:04497554)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.4, pp.611-629, 1967-10-25
著者
白 尚燁
出版者
北海道大学
巻号頁・発行日
2016-03-24

The present dissertation examines the Tungusic languages from the perspective ofareal linguistics, centering on the southern Bikin dialect of Udihe. This study mainlyconsists of four syntactic issues: (i) third person marking on finite indicative forms, (ii)the converbal ending *-mi, (iii) conditional forms, and (iv) correlatives.First, taking the four typological parameters, namely obligatorily distinct,optionally distinct, non-distinct, and non-person marking types in terms of numberdistinction, the analysis demonstrates distinct patterns of third person marking on finiteindicative forms in Tungusic in accordance with areal distribution, strikingly similar tothose of neighboring languages. Second, the functional differences of the converbalending *-mi among the Tungusic languages are analyzed with the employment of thecross-linguistic morpho-syntactic and semantic typological standards of converbs froman areal perspective in relationship with the adjacent languages. Third, based on switchreferenceand semantic classification for conditionals, different syntactic characteristicsof conditional forms in Tungusic according to geographical distribution are clarifiedfrom the viewpoint of areal linguistics. Lastly, correlatives, the WH pronoun in thesubordinate clause corresponding with the WH or DEM pronoun in the main clause, arerevealed to show gradual syntactic variations among the Tungusic languages insimilarity with those of Russian and Chinese correlatives depending on geographicalposition, in terms of correlative types and verb forms in the correlative clause.In conclusion, the syntactic differences among the Tungusic languages stronglycorrelate with areal distribution, classified into three groups; (i) North Tungusic, (ii)East Tungusic, and (iii) South Tungusic. First of all, North Tungusic, spoken in thenorthern Siberian region, shares similar syntactic characteristics with Kolima Yukaghir,Sakha, Russian, and Mongolic. Second, East Tungusic in the Russian Far East retains thegrammatical features of Russian, Mongolic, and Chinese at low or intermediate levels.Third, South Tungusic languages inside the Chinese border are heavily influenced byMongolic and Chinese. Consequently, the areal-based distinctions among three Tungusicgroups at the syntactic level are attributed to the influences from different neighboringlanguages and different degrees of influence from the same adjacent languages.
著者
黒田 一平
出版者
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科言語科学講座
雑誌
言語科学論集 = Papers in linguistic science
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.1-25, 2013-12

This study provides a new approach to grammatology from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics. In western linguistics, written language has been researched less extensively than spoken language because the former has been regarded as a simple reflection of the latter. However, there are many linguistic phenomena which cannot explain without referring to letters, especially in Japanese which utilizes four writing system: Chinese character (kanji), two Japanese characters (hiragana and katakana) and Latin alphabet. Such writing systems should be taken into consideration in analyzing phenomena I handle in this paper: abbreviated forms of Chinese characters, a part of abbreviation words, young people's languages and a technique in traditional Japanese poems (waka). Previous studies have only described and analyzed these phenomena individually, not in a systematic and unified way. Therefore, in order to capture them holistically, I propose a network model by adding a space for letters (graphemes) to phonological and semantic poles of conventional cognitive models (e.g. Langacker (1987), Bybee (1985)). Then, I illustrate how effectively this model can treat issues of writing as above. This approach provides cognitive linguistics with higher affinity with other fields of cognitive science such as psychology and neuroscience in analysing language change and variety concerning writing, because they usually distinct written language from spoken language as subject of research.
著者
松本 敏治 崎原 秀樹 菊地 一文
出版者
弘前大学教育学部
雑誌
弘前大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04391713)
巻号頁・発行日
no.109, pp.49-55, 2013-03-27

本論文では、松本・崎原(2011) によって報告された「ASD は方言を話さない」という調査結果について理論的検討を行った。彼らの特別支援教育関係者を対象としたアンケート調査は、ASD は定型発達児およびID に比べ、方言の音声的特徴のみならず、語彙の使用も少ないとする結果を示した。この結果について次の5つの解釈の説明可能性を検討した。1)音韻・プロソディ障害説(表出性障害、受容性障害)、2)終助詞意味理解不全説、3)パラ言語理解不全説、4)メディア媒体学習説、5)方言の社会的機能説。1~4の解釈は、ASD でみられた方言の音声的特徴および方言語彙の不使用を十分に説明することができなかった。一方、方言の社会的機能説は、方言の社会的意味として他者との連携意識・集団への帰属意識などに着目したもので、ASD のもつ対人的・社会的障害の側面から方言の不使用を説明できるものであった。この説は、結果を適切に説明できるもので、かつASD の中核症状との関連が推察された。また、この説と関連して、ことばの社会的機能への気づきとASD への言語的はたらきかけについて考察した。
著者
斎藤 嘉孝
出版者
法政大学キャリアデザイン学部
雑誌
法政大学キャリアデザイン学部紀要 = 法政大学キャリアデザイン学部紀要 (ISSN:13493043)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.369-379, 2012-03

These days, Japanese society faces serious problems regarding marriage. That is, the average age at which a person first marries is becoming older and older, and the number of youth who do not want to be married is increasing. Governmental reports and academic studies often attempt to explain what causes such phenomena. This paper aims to examine effects of the relationship between a youth's parents on the youth's positive/negative attitudes towards his or her own future marriage. A survey was conducted on undergraduate students who lived in and around the Tokyo metropolitan area in 2011. The results of my statistical analyses included that (1) those whose parents went out together were more likely to have positive attitudes towards marriage than others, (2) those whose parents often quarreled were more likely to have negative attitudes towards marriage than others, and (3) those whose mothers were satisfied with their relationships with the fathers were more likely to have more positive attitudes towards marriage than others. These findings suggest that we should pay more attention to the parental relationship, that is, the marital partnership, as one of the influential factors on youth's attitudes towards marriage.
著者
山田 佳那 松村 佳子
出版者
奈良教育大学教育学部附属教育実践総合センター
雑誌
教育実践総合センター研究紀要 (ISSN:13476971)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.61-70, 2006-03-31

This research aims at preventing accidents during experiments in science classes. For the purpose we investigated various accidental instances that happen in past time. And in order to make survey of the kind of accidents that students have met, we sent questionnaires to the students of junior and senior high school, and those of the Nara University of Education. The results indicate that there is a coincidence between the accidents that can potentially happen when performing experiments and the safety guidelines which students suppose to follow. In addition, there are several differences for the students with respect to their grades, because of various surroundings, in the image for science, the safety perception and the dangerous experience. This fact may be due to the conditions which students are living in and the reduction in the science class experiments contents caused by changes in the course curriculums. Considering the current measures taken by the Board of Education and the information gathered about accidents during science experiments, we propose how accidents should be prevented when executing experiments in science classes.
著者
青木 正博
出版者
京都産業大学
雑誌
京都産業大学論集. 人文科学系列 (ISSN:02879727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.153-180, 2013-03

ロシア語のу нас в университете“私たちの大学で”の構文(「у +生格の構文」)とв нашем университете“私たちの大学で”の構文(「生格の構文」)の選択に影響を与える要因 について調べるために,文学作品や会話の教科書の例とインフォーマント調査の回答を分析し た結果,以下のような要因が見つかった。 A)「у +生格の構文」が選択される傾向がある要因: 1)会話の部分 2)場所を表す固有名詞 3)指示代名詞が場所を表す名詞を修飾 B)「生格の構文」が選択される傾向がある要因: 1)性質形容詞が場所を表す名詞を修飾 「動詞が表す動作」,「活動体性の階層」,「関係形容詞が場所を表す名詞を修飾」,「「場 所の所有構文」がテーマ(あるいはレーマ)の部分に入る」という項目は2 つの構文の選 択に影響を与える要因とは認められなかった。 実際の使用においては,「場所の所有構文」は上に挙げた要因の影響を受けずに使われ ことが多く,2 つの構文がともに使われる文脈がかなりの割合で存在すると考えられる。