著者

Ludwig Guttmann

出版者

University of Queensland Press

巻号頁・発行日

1977

著者

Ludwig Guttmann著 広橋賢次 島田永和ほか訳

出版者

医歯薬出版

巻号頁・発行日

1983

著者

松尾 幸治

出版者

じほう

雑誌

月刊薬事 = The pharmaceuticals monthly (ISSN:00165980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.951-956, 2019-05

著者

出井 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.8, pp.937-940, 2009-08-05 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

著者

林 英一

出版者

獨協大学国際教養学部言語文化学科

雑誌

マテシス・ウニウェルサリス = Mathesis universalis : bulletin of the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies (ISSN:13452770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.1-40, 2020-10

著者

上田 修功

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.478-480, 2016 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

3

出版者

茨城県

巻号頁・発行日

no.(50), 1913-01-30

著者

高橋 泰隆

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.6, pp.655-657, 2010-03-25 (Released:2017-05-24)

著者

菊川 忠夫

出版者

東京教育大学倫理学会

雑誌

倫理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.28-37, 1971-02

著者

岡本 ゆかり

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経パソコン = Nikkei personal computing (ISSN:02879506)

巻号頁・発行日

no.818, pp.75-78, 2019-05-27

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パソコンからLINEを利用すれば、使い慣れたキーボードで文字を入力できる。"ガラケー"や固定電話の番号でLINEに登録する方法もある。最近では、メールよりもLINEで連絡を取り合う方が多いという人もいるだろう。その中には、スマホでの文字入力を苦手と感じている人も少なからずいるはずだ。そんな人には、パソコンからのLINE利用をお勧めする。

著者

宮岡 等

出版者

じほう

雑誌

月刊薬事 = The pharmaceuticals monthly (ISSN:00165980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.1004-1006, 2019-05

出版者

東京大学出版会

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

今雪 聡太 後藤 佑介

雑誌

第26回マルチメディア通信と分散処理ワークショップ論文集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.150-155, 2018-10-31

著者

伊藤 優司 藤本 健治

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.10, pp.417-422, 2018-10-15 (Released:2019-04-15)

参考文献数

17

著者

島田 周平

出版者

Japan Association for African Studies

雑誌

アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1981, no.20, pp.33-52, 1981-03-30 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

38

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It is widely known that not only Lord Lugard who had not hesitate to say about quasi “heaven-born” superiority of the Northern Nigeria, but also many British administrators had acknowledged their preference for the northern Nigeria than southern Nigeria. It is discussed in this paper what the origin of this “British administrators' preference for the north (Nothern Nigeria)” is.Before the year of 1830 when the River Niger's mouth was discovered, the main British people who were active on the coast of the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Biafra were slave traders and explorers. Slave traders overwhelmed explorers in number, but as far as information is concern which they had brought in to the Britain, their cotribution was nominal. In contrast to this, explorers had brought many kinds of and large quantities of information about both of the South (coastal area) and the North (inland area). They wrote many reports and books, in which they depicted the northern area as highly organized Mahomedan countries where people were modest.About ten years after the discovery, many kinds of peoples began to come to both coastal and inland areas. Among those groups, the most important groups were non-slave traders, missionaries, and administrators. All these new-comers arrived to Nigeria with the information and knowledge which was available in Britain. That is; continual political coflicts in the south, and well organized Mahomedan Emirates in the north; wild “pagan” people in the south, and polite and honest islamic people in the north; highly humid weather in the south, and dry and relatively comfortable weather in the north.But as missionaries in the north had experienced failure of missionary work because of strong resistance by islamic people and they had succeeded in the south, they began to change their image of Nigerian people. Contrary to this, administrators whose main interest was to find the means to secure their country's economic and political interest over the new territory, felt no need to change their image of Nigeria. For them well organized society in the north seemed to be favorable for their future rule. And this is one of the most important reasons why British administrators in the north concentrated their attention upon establishment of administrative and taxation systems in the first stage of British administration, and the British administrators in the south did not.

著者

嶋田 義仁

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

民族學研究 (ISSN:24240508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.270-293, 1985-12-30 (Released:2018-03-27)

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.278-279, 1904-04-15 (Released:2010-12-22)

著者

戸田 真紀子

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.159, pp.159_27-40, 2010-02-25 (Released:2012-06-15)

参考文献数

44

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Recently the scholars studying conflict theories or peace building in Africa have tended to neglect the historical perspective of Africa. Without knowing the history of traditional kingdoms and chiefdoms, including slave trade, colonialism, and neo-colonialism, we cannot accurately understand serious problems with which African people are now confronted.Coups d'etat are common in Africa. Nigeria in particular, an oil-rich African giant, has experienced the military rule for about twenty-nine years since its independence. Why did the Nigerian officers decide to seize the power? Why did they desire to keep the power for such a period of time? And, why don't they intend to withdraw from the political arena? To answer these questions, we should consider the impact of British rule in Nigeria.The Nigerian army was originally established to conquer the native kingdoms and chiefdoms under the policy of British colonization. British rulers sometimes undermined the “rule of law.” Later the Nigerian army became the tool for traditional rulers, who started to work for the British rule in order to suppress their own people. New rulers of independent Nigeria learned how to use the military to defend their vested interests during 1960 through 1966. Therefore, it is the negative legacy of British rule that civilian and military regimes had not maintained “law and order” to save the lives of Nigerian people. So many civilians, being involved in armed conflict between Nigerian army and rebellions, were killed by the army.Samuel Huntington showed two conditions to avoid military intervention. According to him, the civil-military relation may be destroyed if the governments would not be able to promote “economic development” and to maintain “law and order” and if civilian politicians would desire to use the military power for their own political ambitions.As to the “economic development,” approximately 80% of Nigerian people suffer from poverty, whereas the retired generals enjoy their political power as well as financial business with a plenty of money. As mentioned above, the aspect of “law and order” has been also neglected by the regimes. After independence, civilian regimes used the military for their political interests and led the army officials into the political arena.Therefore, as suggested by Huntington, military intervention may be caused in Nigeria again if the Fourth Republic would neglect the importance of promoting “economic development” and of maintaining “law and order.” The Fourth Republic also needs to keep the army out of politics and the politics out of the army to avoid military intervention. Actually it is difficult to meet these conditions, because the group of retired generals still has strong influence over political and economical arenas.

著者

嶋田 義仁 Shimada Shimada

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告別冊 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology Special Issue (ISSN:0288190X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.012, pp.447-529, 1990-03-30

著者

井上 太之 鈴木 大 北野 忠 河野 裕美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.29-34, 2021-04-25 (Released:2021-05-09)

参考文献数

22

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Compared with the other anguillid eel species native to Japan (Anguilla japonica and A. marmorata), very little is currently known about the Japanese populations of A. bicolor pacifica. Three specimens of the latter (652.4–879.1 mm total length), collected in an irrigation channel on Iriomote Island, southern Japan, were examined, and the phylogenetic and morphological characters of the species discussed. The stomach contents of two specimens included a number of frog remains.