著者

徳本 勇人 野村 俊之 星 英之 新居 靖崇 大谷 俊晴 野本 健太

出版者

一般社団法人 粉体工学会

雑誌

粉体工学会誌 (ISSN:03866157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.172-177, 2017-03-10 (Released:2017-04-22)

参考文献数

17

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Particles of additives that are ingested along with food can either adhere to the intestinal microflora or be absorbed, and these may possibly lead to illnesses caused by changes in the microflora composition. Barely 1% of Fe2O3 particles dissolve in acids present in the stomach. In addition, the direct administration of Fe2O3 particles into the stomach with a probe showed no adverse health effects. However, mixing Fe2O3 particles of a smaller diameter into food and orally administering the dose over a period of more than 2 weeks encouraged the multiplication of the diarrhea-causing Clostridium family amongst intestinal flora, indicating the cause of the diarrhea outbreak. On the other hand, multiplication of the Clostridium species was suppressed by the multiplication of another family within the intestinal flora, namely Lactobacillus. It was confirmed that by analyzing the formation of fermentation products such as hydrogen, acetic acid, and lactic acid, symptoms of diarrhea caused by the alteration of intestinal microflora composition spontaneously recovered.

著者

森岡 裕

出版者

富山大学経済学部

雑誌

富山大学紀要.富大経済論集 (ISSN:02863642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.583-591, 2017-03

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ロシアはエネルギー資源(石炭,石油,天然ガス)の有力な保有国であり輸出国であることは周知のとおりである。石油と天然ガスについては生産拠点が西部(チュメニ)にあることから,輸送インフラ(パイプライン)の整備も西部(ロシアのヨーロッパ地域,西シベリア)を中心に行われてきた。その結果,石油とガスの輸出先は伝統的にヨーロッパ市場が中心となっており,東部(アジア・太平洋地域)の役割は大きくなかった。だが輸出先の多様化と成長するアジア・太平洋地域への結合を実現するため,東方市場の開拓・強化が図られるようになった。「2030年までのロシアのエネルギー戦略」では,ロシアの石油とガスの輸出に占める東方市場(アジア・太平洋地域)の割合を以下のような水準に引き上げることが目標として示されている。石油・石油製品の輸出:8%(2008年実績)から22 ~ 25%(2030年)へガスの輸出:0%(2008年実績)から19 ~ 20%(2030年)へ実際,東方市場への輸出強化策は実行されており,2010年の実績値では,ロシアの石油・石油製品とガス輸出に占める東方市場の割合は,それぞれ12%と6%となっている。この傾向はこれからも続くものと予測される。なお東方シフトを検討する場合,2つの大きな要因をとらえておく必要がある。1つは,サハリンの石油・ガスプロジェクトの本格的稼働開始(2006年)であり,もう1つは,東部での石油輸送インフラの整備となった「東シベリア・太平洋パイプライン(ESPO)」の稼働開始(2009年:Ⅰ期工事完了 2012年:Ⅱ期工事完了)である。この2つの大きなプロジェクトの稼働によって,ロシアの石油とガスがアジア・太平洋地域へ供給されることとなった。そこで本稿では,サハリン・プロジェクトの本格的稼働前後(2005年,2007年)とESPOの稼働後(2013年)の時期を中心に,ロシアの石油・ガスの輸出先の多様化・東方シフトを検討していく。また生産拠点が東部(シベリア,極東)にある石炭の輸出先についてもみていく。そこでⅡ節では,ロシアのエネルギー資源(石炭,石油,天然ガス)の生産状況を確認する。それを踏まえて,Ⅲ節ではロシアのエネルギー資源の輸出先の変化と今後の動向について検討する。

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

1812

著者

京 俊介

出版者

JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.1_257-1_278, 2009 (Released:2013-02-07)

参考文献数

30

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This article analyzes a policy-making process for revised Japanese copyright law to add provision for computer software. The policy outcome of this process had been made through the conflict between the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The paper describes the conditions under which administrative conflicts, as a result of attempts to control new policy areas, arise and are settled. Previous research shows that such conflicts are viewed as administrative competition for additional resources. In order to modify this understanding, by introducing “autonomy” and “vigor,” the author argues, as previous studies have shown, that conflicts between both agencies pursuing vigor tend to lead to deadlocks and need arbitrators (e.g. politicians) to provide resolutions. Conversely, conflicts between agencies pursuing vigor and ones pursuing a degree of autonomy tend to be resolved without such arbitrators as policy outcomes satisfying both interests arise when the agencies’ goals are different.

著者

小林 達也 T. Kobayashi

雑誌

中京大学教養論叢 = Chukyo University bulletin of the Faculty of Liberal Arts (ISSN:02867982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.95-116, 1970-06-30

著者

片淵 哲朗 若松 孝司 土生 雅英 大島 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, 1984

著者

[高橋富兄] [著]

出版者

[高橋富兄]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[58], 1000

著者

永野 光一 水野 信太郎

出版者

北翔大学

雑誌

北海道女子大学短期大学部研究紀要 = Bulletin of Hokkaido Women's College (ISSN:02890518)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.93-104, 1999

著者

立花 亜紀子

出版者

メディカ出版

雑誌

Infection control : The Japanese journal of infection control (ISSN:09191011)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.407-409, 2013-04

著者

石井 真一 ジョン フランソワ ヘナート

出版者

大阪市立大学経営学会

雑誌

経営研究 (ISSN:04515986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.205-217, 2009-02

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128 美濃郡上之城図,

著者

秋葉 澄伯

出版者

国立保健医療科学院

雑誌

保健医療科学 (ISSN:13476459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.255-260, 2018-08-31 (Released:2018-10-26)

参考文献数

13

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レギュラトリーサイエンスは,科学技術の導入による利益と不利益を調整しようとする際に,自然科学的合理性と社会科学的洞察に基づく判断に指針・根拠を与えるための体系化された知識である.新しい科学技術を広く社会に導入する際には,導入の準備段階から国・自治体が環境・社会・疫学調査によるデータの収集に能動的にかかわることが重要である.得られた情報は,科学技術の導入に伴うリスクとコストにかんする市民教育にも役立ち,また,民主的な意思決定にとっても必須なものとなる.環境政策の意思決定においては,利益と不利益のバランスを図るだけでなく,健康影響や環境負荷を可能な限り最小限とする努力が必要であることは言うまでもないが,同時に,住民の「たつき(生活の手段とそれを提供する場)」の保護とソーシアルキャピタルの増加を重視すべきである.

著者

細田 信一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本心身医学会

雑誌

心身医学 (ISSN:03850307)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, 1995

著者

戸谷 陽子

出版者

東京外国語大学総合文化研究所

雑誌

総合文化研究 (Trans-Cultural Studies) (ISSN:18831109)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.22-35, 2003-03-05

著者

草野 吉雅 中村 一尊 沖野 健太

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SR, ソフトウェア無線 : IEICE technical report (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.252, pp.135-140, 2010-10-20

参考文献数

11

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本稿ではマクロセル内に小型低出力基地局を設置するLTE(Long Term Evolution)/LTF-Advanced HetNet(Heterogeneous Network)に適した置局戦略と運用技術を議論する.低送信電力によって基地局価格や電力消費量,基地局サイズを小さくできるため,小型低出力基地局を用いるとマクロ基地局と比べ柔軟かつ低コストでシステム・キャパシティを向上させられる.低出力に起因する小さいセル径のため,推奨される置極戦略は,小型小出力基地局をトラフィック需要の高いエリアに設置することと,送信電力を希望するカバレッジの広さに応じて定めることである.小さいセル径であっても小型低出力基地局設置による利得を増加させるには,CRE(Cell Range Expansion)とeICIC(enhanced Inter-Cell Interence Coordination)が鍵となる技術である.CREはユーザを受信電力が最大でない基地局にも接続できるようにし,マクロ基地局から小型低出力基地局への負荷分散を増やすことでシステム・キャパシティを向上させる.eICICはCREによって小型低出力基地局に接続するようになったユーザが受ける強い干渉を制御するための技術であり,LTE Release 10において標準化が行われている.本稿ではCREとeICICをLTEおよびLTE-Advancedに適用する際の指針とその性能利得を示す.

著者

宮島 久雄

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:03897508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.19-56, 1998-03-31

著者

中村 祥子 Shoko Nakamura 桃山学院大学文学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

英米評論 (ISSN:09170200)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.133-163, 2005-02

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The short story, "The Doom of the Griffiths" was written by Elizabeth Gaskell in 1857, more than one year after her former fictional creation, "The Poor Clare". The story presents a conflict between two types of landlords ; a landlord who may prosper and one who may not. This is the author's first treatment of an issue that becomes a major theme in her later works. "The Doom of the Griffiths" is a tale about the fall of the Griffiths family, people of the landlord class. At the beginning of the story is an explanation of why the Griffiths were doomed to fall. When Owen Glendower, a Welsh hero in the Middle Ages, rebelled against Henry IV, an ancestor of the Griffiths named Rhys ap Gryfydd betrayed Owen, who believed in him. It means that Rhys ap Gryfydd was shrewd, and that he tried to side with those most likely to be victorious. In great anger, Owen, who was said to be able to use magic, cursed the traitor and his descendants. As a result, members of the Griffiths family were doomed by Owen to fail and disappear after nine generations. Owen prophesied that at that time a son should slay his father, the ninth Griffiths. After this brief explanation the main plot begins. Two generations are described ; the ninth named Robert Griffiths and his son, Owen Griffiths. They are father and son, but are quite different in manners. Robert is the second son and inherits the estate of the Griffiths as a result of his elder brother's death. He is gifted and able to create his own future. On the other hand, Owen is the only son who is an heir to the estate from the moment of his birth. He has no choice but to succeed his father. Therefore, he is passive and does not try to take a step forward, even though he becomes under the necessity of earning a living. Their attitudes toward marriage also differ. The father gets married to a rich attorney's daughter after he inherited his family's estate. And after his first wife, who is Owen's mother, died, he marrys again a beautiful young widow with a little boy named Robert, who, coincidentally, has his stepfather's name. The son, on the other hand, secretly gets married to the beautiful daughter of a man who works as a half farmer and half fisherman. The girl's name is Nest. They have a baby named Owen. Because the young couple cannot make a living, the wife and their baby live with her father in his cottage. Owen frequently and surreptitiously comes to the house from his father's manor house. The wife's father, who is a tenant of the Griffiths estate, endures this irregular situation, believing that his daughter will be Lady Griffiths in the future. Robert's new wife schemes to drive Owen out of the mansion and make her child Robert inherit the family's estate. As a result of her scheming, her husband becomes estranged from his son and begins to favor his stepson. One day she tries to irreparably break the relationship between Robert and his biological son to make sure of her biological son's inheritance, and she exposes Owen's secret marriage to her husband, lying and insinuating that Nest is a prostitute. The angry father goes to his son's secret home to require him to separate from his wife, and snatches the little Owen from Owen's arms to throw the baby back at Nest. As a result, the baby falls to the floor and dies. At last, Owen decides to leave his father's mansion for ever to live with his wife in a big city, earning his bread. It is, however, too late. After some troubles, the father moves into action. He and his son are placed in a situation in which they struggle on the edge of a precipice. A push of the son to escape from the father's grip causes the father to fall off the cliff, to hit his head against the edge of a boat, and to die. Though it seems that this is a fulfillment of the prophecy, the author denies the supernatural element, emphasizing that the father's death is accidental. As a squire, Robert, a person who is shrewd and selfish like his ancestor Rhys ap Gryfydd, prospers, but he is also very cruel, while Owen, a passive liberal, is disqualified as a landlord. Through the story, the author is critical of the father. The last of the story deals with Owen, his wife, and her father, who should leave the country before the dead body of the squire is found. They venture out on a stormy sea to disappear into the night. The author partly suggests that the three are shipwrecked and die. She, however, leaves room for another interpretation. The three might safely arrive in Liverpool, where Owen could "gain a livelihood by his own exertions." The author accepts Owen's way of living when he leaves the status of a landlord. That is the reason that Owen is the younger of the two central characters. It is important that the name of the second son Roger in Wives and Daughters, who is Robert's successor, has the initial "R", and that of the elder son Osborne in the same novel, who is Owen's successor, has also the initial "O". It means that "The Doom of the Griffiths" developed into Wives and Daughters.

著者

岡本保孝

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.未定稿巻6,

著者

福田 雄介 片桐 由紀子 松江 陽一

出版者

診断と治療社

雑誌

産科と婦人科 (ISSN:03869792)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.8, pp.947-950, 2011-08

著者

清水 茂夫 瀧澤 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.865-870, 1996-06-05

被引用文献数

3 1

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The load distribution and life formula for LMBG (Linear Motion Ball Guides) system constructed by two guide blocks on one rail are derived and the theoretical analysis is carried out concerning the basic dynamic.load ratings which are considered with the fluctuations of load distributions, the effect of linear strokes, load eccentricities, conformity factors etc., then the fatigue life test series made up two crowning patterns of guide block raceways are carried out. The results are as follows : (1) The basic dynamic load ratings of LMBG system increase in accordance with the increase in the strokes and decrease in the conformity factors, and decrease in accordance with the increase in the load eccentricities. (2) Theoretically, the probability of flaking occurrence in the guide block raceways is greater than that of the rail, because of the differences between the number of stress cycles and the basic dynamic load rating for the block and rail. (3) In the experiment, the most flaking occurrences are from the rail raceways due to the materials difference from the block and rail. (4) The life test results fit well to the 3-parameter Weibull distribution which is introduced to the location parameter i.e. the minimum life and the Weibull slope m=10/9. (5) The estimated basic dynamic load ratings from two test series are 50% and 90% for the theoretical values, respectively.