著者

John YABE Mayuni ISHIZUKA Takashi UMEMURA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.10, pp.1257-1263, 2010 (Released:2010-10-29)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

37 143

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Studies of environmental pollution in Africa indicate that toxic metal pollution has reached unprecedented levels over the past decade. Human exposure to toxic metals has become a major health risk on the continent and is the subject of increasing attention from national and international environmentalists. This paper reviews data from the past decade on environmental pollution in Africa and highlights countries where most heavy metal pollutions have been reported. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in North, West, East and Southern regions of Africa have been described, as have major sources of pollution in the different regions. This review summarizes the sites where most of the heavy metal pollution has been reported in Africa and, where applicable, presents reported levels of pollution in different environmental compartments in the context of internationally acceptable limits. Contaminations in fish and food animals as well as impacts of heavy metal pollution on humans are also described.

著者

Ali Anwar AHMAD Norsham Abd WAHAB Clara Wenjing YEO Serena Jocelyn Wai Yin OH Hui Cheng CHEN

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.48-52, 2019 (Released:2019-01-08)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Forty rescued common palm civets were anesthetized. Twenty animals received intramuscular injections of alfaxalone 5 mg/kg and medetomidine 0.05 mg/kg (A-M group), whereas twenty animals received 5 mg/kg of tiletamine and zolazepam (T-Z group). The A-M group was reversed with atipamazole 0.25 mg/kg. There were no significant differences in the time from anesthetic injection to induction and intubation between the A-M and T-Z groups. The time from the injection of reversal in the A-M group and the time from cessation of isoflurane in the T-Z group to extubation, first response to recovery and ambulation were longer (P<0.05) in the T-Z group. The T-Z group recorded lower (P<0.05) rectal temperatures compared to the A-M group. This study showed that both drug combinations can be used effectively for the immobilization of civets. The A-M combination provided better anesthetic depth, but with higher incidence of bradycardia and hypoxemia. The recovery time was reduced significantly as atipamezole was used as a reversal agent in the A-M combination.

著者

Mohi UDDIN Hideshi SHIBATA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.57-65, 2019 (Released:2019-01-08)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

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The midcingulate cortex (MCC; area 24’) resides in the mid-rostrocaudal part of the cingulate gyrus, and it plays important roles in nociceptive, cognitive and skeletomotor functions. The MCC has recently been shown to consist of four cortical areas (areas a24a’, a24b’, p24a’ and p24b’) in the rabbit, based on immunohistochemistry. To further characterize the organization of these areas, here we immunohistochemically identified structures immunopositive (+) for calretinin (CR) as a marker of a subpopulation of inhibitory neurons. CR+ somata were identified as multipolar and bipolar neurons. The multipolar neurons were predominant throughout the MCC. CR+ somata were present mainly in layer (L) 2/3 and L6, and CR+ fibers occurred mainly in L1, L2/3 and L6. However, there were differences in the distribution of CR+ structures in each area. CR+ somata tended to be most densely distributed in area a24a’, followed by area p24a’, area a24b’ and area p24b’. CR+ fibers were most densely distributed in area p24a’, followed by area p24b’, area a24a’ and area a24b’. In addition, only areas p24a’ and p24b’ enclosed patchy CR+ fibers and terminals in deep L2/3. These results show the distinct distribution of CR+ structures in each area of the MCC in the rabbit, suggesting that CR+ neurons may contribute to information processing for cognitive functions in somewhat different manners in each area of the MCC.

著者

Yuya NAGASAWA Yoshio KIKU Kazue SUGAWARA Takahiro YABUSAKI Kazuyoshi OONO Kento FUJII Takahide SUZUKI Koji MAEHANA Tomohito HAYASHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.107-112, 2019 (Released:2019-01-25)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

14

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We evaluated the relationship between the severity of coliform mastitis and bacterial load in 106 quarter milk samples. We found no significant relationship between somatic cell count and coliform bacterial load in milk in bovine clinical coliform mastitis. Results of the Cochran-Armitage test for trend in milk bacterial load proportions indicated a significant decreasing low group (P<0.001), increasing medium group (P<0.002) and increasing high group (P<0.02) with increasing clinical grade. The present study indicates that the coliform bacterial load in milk is significantly associated with clinical severity states in cases of bovine coliform mastitis, and can be a useful indicator for optimal management of this disease.

著者

Abdelghany HEFNAWY Mahmoud Atef Youssef HELAL Ahmed SABEK Saad SHOUSHA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.8, pp.1281-1286, 2018 (Released:2018-08-22)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

13

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The effects of shearing on behavioral patterns, antioxidants, and inflammatory and stress biomarkers was investigated in Ossimi sheep. Clinical parameters and behavioral patterns were recorded, and serum samples were collected pre-shearing and 1, 5, 10 and 15 days post-shearing from 60 Ossimi sheep. The results revealed that grooming and standing idle frequencies were significantly (P<0.01) increased post-shearing. There were significant (P<0.01) increases in IL-6, cortisol, and MDA detected from the 1st to the 10th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values. IL-2 and TNF-α significantly (P<0.01) increased from the 1st until the 5th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values, while significant (P<0.01) decreases in the values of catalase from the 1st until the 5th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values were recorded. Regarding to glutathione reductase, there was a significant (P<0.01) decrease from the 1st until the 10th day post-shearing compared to pre-shearing values. Shearing leads to significant changes in antioxidants, inflammatory, stress biomarkers, and some behaviors in sheep.

著者

Kei IWATA Kazufumi KASUYA Kou TAKAYAMA Yusuke NAKAHARA Yoshifumi KOBAYASHI Asako KATO Hironobu SENBA Masae YANAGISAWA Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.8, pp.1219-1222, 2018 (Released:2018-08-10)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

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A 2-year-female arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) developed anorexia, dehydration, and emaciation during the quarantine period for importation from Norway, and died 17 days later. At necropsy, a fistula was observed on the left gluteal region, and the left eye, left brain, and kidneys were discolored. Histologically, severe diffuse suppurative meningoencephalitis and renal abscesses were detected. Numerous Gram-positive cocci were detected in these lesions. Multidrug-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were isolated from the lesions. These results suggest that S. pseudintermedius can cause severe multifocal suppurative meningoencephalitis and nephritis in foxes. This is the first report of multidrug-susceptible S. pseudintermedius meningoencephalitis and nephritis in a fox.

著者

Xiaochuan LIU Yuwei YANG Ping JIANG Xiaohui LI Yanliang GE Yang CAO Zhihui ZHAO Xibi FANG Xianzhong YU

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.8, pp.1329-1336, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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QSOX1 (quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase 1) is involved in various processes, including apoptosis and the development of breast diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of QSOX1 on the meat quality of Simmental cattle by analyzing the correlation between QSOX1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), I2 204 C>T and I2 378 C>T, and certain meat quality traits. The effects of QSOX1 on triglyceride synthesis and cell apoptosis were further validated by gene silencing or overexpression in bovine fetal fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells. The results showed that I2 204 C>T and I2 378 C>T had significant correlations with loin thickness, hind hoof weight, fat coverage, liver weight, heart weight, marbling and back fat thickness (P<0.05). QSOX1 overexpression also increased triglyceride production and suppressed apoptosis. In summary, QSOX1 is an important factor for meat quality, lipid metabolism, and cell apoptosis, indicating that QSOX1 could be used as a biomarker to assist in breeding cattle with superior meat.

著者

Makoto NAKATA Yasutsugu MIWA James K. CHAMBERS Tsubasa SAITO Kazuyuki UCHIDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.8, pp.1325-1328, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

7

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A 14-month-old, female mini rex was referred for a detailed examination because of exercise intolerance with associated dyspnea. The thoracic radiograph demonstrated severe cardiac enlargement and elevation of the trachea. The echocardiography revealed dilatations of the right-side heart and pulmonary artery, and the color flow Doppler echocardiography demonstrated an atrial septum defect with left to right shunt, resulting in a disturbed flow. The rabbit died 19 days after the initial presentation, and a necropsy was performed. At the necropsy, a defect, 5 mm in diameter, was detected in the atrial septum. Based on the location of the defect, an ostium secundum type atrial septal defect was diagnosed. This is the first clinical report of atrial septal defect in rabbits.

著者

林 隆 市山 高志 武田 香苗

出版者

The Japan Academy of Neurosonology

雑誌

Neurosonology:神経超音波医学 (ISSN:0917074X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.27-35, 2000-02-29 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

20

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Doppler sonography is a convenient and useful procedure for evaluating intracranial lesions and hemodynamics, especially in the fetus and neonate. Initially B-mode ultrasonic images were used as the main procedure for investigating intracranial lesions. However, two-dimensional Doppler sonography, so-called color Doppler (CD) sonography, has superseded classical echosonography. It is possible with CD to visualize the intracranial arteries and veins in real time. In addition, the pulsed Doppler system (PD) in combination with CD, can be used to measure selectively the flow velocity at any point in the CD-visualized vessels. PD combined with CD could represent the selective flow condition at the intracranial main vessels, the anterior cerebral artery, basilar artery, middle cerebral artery and internal cerebral vein. But the flow conditions in these main arteries may not reflect the peripheral hemodynamics. Recently we used power flow Doppler imaging (PF) to show vessels that have low flow and small caliber. Now we are able to visualize the lenticulostriate artery (LSA), which perforates the branches of the middle cerebral artery, and have demonstrated the steady flow conditions of intracranial peripheral circulation. Three-dimensional reconstruction of PF images may provide a new quantitative and qualitative method of evaluating intracranial circulation. Selective echoangiography should clarify the mystery that surrounds brain circulation in perinatal period.

著者

市橋 光

出版者

The Japan Academy of Neurosonology

雑誌

Neurosonology:神経超音波医学 (ISSN:0917074X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.20-26, 2000-02-29 (Released:2010-10-14)

参考文献数

11

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Echoencephalography is very useful for the examination of the fetus and newborns, because it is easy to perform repeatedly at the beside, it is noninvasive, and it represents a real-time examination. A fetus is usually observed through the mother's body. To evaluate the neonatal brain, the transducer is routinely placed over the fontanelle. In this review article, the anatomy of the brain as visualized using echoencephalography, and the standard echoencephalography planes used are explained, and then some abnormal cases are shown. Finally, the detection of the brain circulation is discussed.

著者

Kenji Tomizawa Shigeo Toda Tomohiro Tate Yutaka Hanaoka Jin Moriyama Shuichiro Matoba Hiroya Kuroyanagi

出版者

The Japan Society of Coloproctology

雑誌

Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon (ISSN:24323853)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.36-42, 2019-01-25 (Released:2019-01-29)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

16

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Objectives: Colonic diverticular disease is widespread in Western countries and its associated with aging. In Japan, diverticulitis and colovesical fistula are also occurring more frequently. Colonic resection for diverticula-related fistulas is frequently technically demanding because of associated acute or chronic inflammation. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a standardized laparoscopic procedure. Methods: Data from 39 consecutive patients who had undergone laparoscopic surgery for colovesical fistula between October 2006 and August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The patients' median age was 60 years and comprised 35 men and four women. Sigmoidectomy was performed in 33 patients, Hartmann's procedure in four, and anterior resection in two. The median operative time was 203 minutes and estimated blood loss 15 mL. There were no intraoperative complications or conversion to open surgery. No patients required bladder repair; three had minor postoperative complications, and none had recurrent diverticulitis or fistula at a mean follow-up of 5.1 years. Conclusions: The magnified vision and minimal invasiveness make a laparoscopic approach the ideal means of managing colovesical fistula. To our knowledge, this is the largest study of colovesical fistula managed by a standardized laparoscopic procedure.

著者

根岸 哲 武田 邦宣 中川 寛子 善如 悠介 島並 良 鞠山 尚子 池田 千鶴 泉水 文雄 和久井 理子 川濱 昇 柳川 隆 水野 倫理 中村 健太 川島 富士雄 前田 健 井畑 陽平 手嶋 豊

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-04-01

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1 海外調査(i)和久井・池田が、欧州諸国において、競争・情報通信当局及び競争法の研究者との間で、特にプラットフォームと競争法の関係につき、相互の意見交換と実務と研究動向の調査を行い、(ii)川島が、北京社会科学院・上海交通大学での長期研究により、科研に係る全般的な論点に係わり、中国独禁法の研究者との相互の意見交換と中国独禁法の対応状況の調査研究を行った。2 研究会、ワークショップ等(i)医薬品・機器規制の競争に及ぼす影響及び先発医薬品・後発医薬品間の競争に係る問題を解明するべく、外資系医薬品企業の2人の法務部長弁護士とのヒアリング・研究会及びSokol米国フロリダ大学教授との研究会を通じ、日米における現状と課題を把握し、(ii)競争法と知的財産権の関係を検討するべく、仁ラボ代表鶴原稔也氏との研究会及びCheng香港大学准教授との研究会「特許・イノベーションと競争法」・「不争条項」を通じ、現状と課題の把握し、(iii)日中米欧の研究者・実務家が参加した国際ワークショップ「企業結合規制の先端的問題-プラットフォーム・ビジネスとイノベーション時代の諸課題」を開催し、企業結合規制の先端的問題の把握に努め、(iv)世界的プラットフォーム事業者アマゾンの最恵国待遇条項の競争上の問題につき、アマゾン側担当の平山賢太郎弁護士との研究会を通じて、研究を深めた。3 シンポジウム(i)日本の研究者・実務家によるシンポジウム「景品表示法の実現手段の多様性-独禁法の視点も含めて」、(ii)日中米欧の研究者・実務家が参加した公正取引委員会競争政策研究センター主催の大阪国際シンポジウム「デジタル・エコノミーの進展と競争政策-IoT、データ、プラットフォーム・ビジネスと法-」に本科研チームが共催者として参加し、国際的な動向把握とともに日本の状況につき発信を行った。

著者

柳川 隆 泉水 文雄 池田 千鶴 水野 倫理 草薙 真一 明城 聡 吉野 一郎 播磨谷 浩三

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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エネルギー・電気通信・鉄道といったネットワーク産業の制度改革の現状と課題、及び解決策について研究を行った。エネルギー産業については、日本、アメリカ、EUのアンバンドリングと再生可能エネルギー促進に関する政策を調査した。また、原子力発電所の所有形態について公的所有とフランスのNOME法について分析した。電気通信事業については、規制改革のインフラ投資の影響についての理論分析と、規制改革がもたらす競争政策上の課題について考察した。鉄道事業では、水平分離された国鉄の新幹線と在来線との兼営の効果と並行在来線の経営の効率性を検証した。

著者

牛島 秀彦

出版者

現代評論社

雑誌

現代の眼 (ISSN:0435219X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.p86-87, 1983-02

著者

波多野 元貴 三浦 亜友 森安 健太 西脇 剛史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

シンポジウム: スポーツ・アンド・ヒューマン・ダイナミクス講演論文集 2015 (ISSN:24329509)

巻号頁・発行日

pp._B-15-1_-_B-15-7_, 2015-10-30 (Released:2017-06-19)

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In strength training, squat exercise is a representative example of lower extremity training. As target muscles of squat exercise are mainly knee extensrs and hip extensors, it is well-known that posture can effect on the main muscles activities. In addition, it is pointed out that injuries on squat exercise such as patellar tendinitis and low back pain are caused by the wrong posture. Therefore, it is important to design shoe function considering safety posture, effective load, and stability. However, athletes and trainee tend to do barbell squat exercise with various types of shoes such as weight lifting specific shoes, versatile training shoes, and indoor athletic shoes. Hence shoe heel-heights, which are derived from sole thickness difference between rearfoot and forefoot, are widely different from almost 0mm to over 20mm and might change the effect of training. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the shoe heel-height on squat motion. Firstly the motion analysis was conducted and it was confirmed that low heel-height structure leads anterior projection of the knee and high load on knee joint. In contrast, high heel-height structure causes trunk forward tilting and high load on hip joint. Secondly, the relationship between experience of the exercise and shoe heel-height was investigated using beginner and experienced subjects. Judging from the results, it was concluded that shoe heel-height makes influence on squat motion especially posture and load for beginners and stability for experiencesd subjects.

著者

三浦 和己

出版者

社団法人 日本写真学会

雑誌

日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.23-28, 2016

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<p>近年,映画の製作・流通がアナログ(フィルム)からデジタルへと急速に移行している.この移行は映画の可能性を大きく広げる一方で,生成されたデジタルデータを長期間保存するという面においては,保存媒体やフォーマットがすぐに陳腐化するなど課題も多い.この課題についての調査を進めるため,東京国立近代美術館フィルムセンターでは,文化庁による 「美術館・歴史博物館重点分野推進支援事業」 の補助を受け,『映画におけるデジタル保存・活用に関する調査研究事業』 を実施している. 本稿ではこの調査事業の一環として実施した,4K 映像の長期保存に向けた取り組みについて紹介し,その中から顕在化 した課題について考察する.さらに今後の保存システム構築における重要な要素として,特定技術への依存を回避するための技術動向について触れる.</p>

著者

市村 美香 松村 裕子 佐々木 新介 村上 尚己 森 將晏

出版者

岡山県立大学

雑誌

岡山県立大学保健福祉学部紀要 (ISSN:13412531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.55-63, 2011

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本研究では、前腕で静脈穿刺をする際に、静脈怒張を得るために実際に臨床で行われている方法を明らかにする目的で、質問紙を作成して実態調査を行った。回収率は70.5%であり、このうち309名の回答(有効回答率99.4%)を分析対象とした。静脈怒張を得るために最もよく行う方法として、割合が高い順にマッサージ(20.7%)、温める(20.1%)、クレンチング(18.4%)、叩く(15.9%)、手をしっかり握らせる(13.3%)の5つの方法に1割以上の支持が集まり、マッサージ、温める、叩く方法は、標準採血法ガイドラインが推奨する方法と一致していた。この他には、駆血帯をきつく締め直す方法(4.5%)と腕を下してから駆血する方法(3.6%)を提示したが、支持する人は少数であった。一方、これらの方法を行ったことがある人が感じる主観的効果が最も高かったのは、もっともよく行われるマッサージではなく、温める方法であった。このことから、多忙な臨床現場においては、すぐに実施できる方法を優先する傾向があり、それを試してみてから、手間や時間はかかるが効果のある方法を行っているのではないかと考えられる。また、それぞれの方法における手技は、回答者により様々であることが分かり、今後は、静脈怒張の効果を検証した上で、簡便で確実な手技を示すことが必要と考えられた。

著者

神崎 宣武

出版者

千里文化財団

雑誌

季刊民族学 (ISSN:03890333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.14-21, 2017

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[3],

著者

川井 克司

出版者

緒方医学化学研究所医学生物学速報会

雑誌

医学と生物学 (ISSN:00191604)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.1, pp.p9-13, 1987-01