- 著者
- 川崎 宣昭
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本教育学会
- 雑誌
- 日本教育学会大會研究発表要項
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.46, 1987
1 0 0 0 反発係数と力積の実験
小球が壁や床に衝突したときの反発係数と力積について,簡単に演示できる実験器を製作した.糸をつけて振り子にした小球を,板ばねにつけた堅いおもりに衝突させる.質量の十分大きなおもりを用いれば,小球の状態は壁に対する衝突に近くなり,振り子を放す高さと跳ね返って上がる高さから,簡単に反発係数が求められる.衝突における力積の大きさは,衝突後の板ばねのひずみの最大値に比例する.ひずみの最大値は板ばねに貼り付けたストレインゲージで電気的に検出し,投影用電圧計で表示する.小球としては良く弾むもの,ほとんど弾まないもの,質量の異なるもの等を用意した.実験はそれぞれについて意外に良い結果が得られた.授業で行なう演示実験に適していると思われる.
向心力の大きさの測定を従来のように回転運動を行なっている間に測定するのではなく,静止させた状態で測定する方法を工夫(ばね秤を製作)した。これは錘に働いた向心力の大きさをばね秤に「置き去り指標」を付けて記憶させておくという素朴で単純な方法である。そして所定の回転速度が再現でき,また負荷の変動に依らず回転速度を一定に保つようにするためにサイリスタを用いて,半波位相制御をする無段変速装置を製作した。この装置の特徴は低速回転中も起動トルクの特性が降下しないことである。さらにまた,錘の位置(ばね秤の零点の位置及び,回転半径)の測定を容易にし,視差等に依る誤差を少なくするために「指標位置読取りゲージ」を製作した。これらの装置は原理も取扱いも簡単なので,高校生にも容易にりまた安全に実験することができ,得られたデーターから向心力の性質((力の大きさは回転半径に比例し,質量に比例すること及び角速度の2乗(周期の逆2乗)に比例すること))が導き出せ,等速円運動の学習指導に役立ち,また生徒の理解を深めるうえで効果的であると思われる。
1 0 0 0 論理学に関する図と文による教示が外的表象の自発的生成に及ぼす効果
- 著者
- コックス リチャード ステニング キース オーバーランダー ジョン
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2, no.4, pp.4_56-4_75, 1995
A study of two logic courses employing different modalities of information presentation (Stenning, Cox, & Oberlander, 1995) demonstrated improvements of general reasoning ability as measured by Graduate Record Exam (GRE) type analytical ability reasoning pre- and post-course tests, as well as interactions between students' pre-course aptitudes and modality of teaching. This paper investigates the reasoning processes involved in the students' solutions of one sub-scale of the GRE problems from that study by analysing their ‘work-scratchings’ on analytical reasoning (AR) items. These data are used to examine changes in what representations students select; their association with correct and incorrect solutions; the changes in selection brought about by teaching different kinds of students in different kinds of courses; the association between these changes and improvements in solution performance; and the relation between intuitive teaching recommendations and a theoretically motivated taxonomy of representations.<br>Stenning & Oberlander (1995) present a theory of the cognitive differences between graphical and sentential representations which ascribes major cognitive properties of graphics to <i>weakness of expressiveness</i>. We apply this theory to the GRE AR problems and derive principled predictions of some constraints on the appropriateness of representations for problems. Analysis of the students' spontaneous representation selections shows that representational strategies do change differentially as a result of different teaching methods; the kinds of representation proposed by intuitive teaching recommendations as embodied in ‘crammers’ are globally correlated with success at solution; the theoretically based predictions of appropriate representations based on weakness of expression make rather better predictions that can be related to individual differences between students known to be important predictors of performance. These results are argued to have important practical pedagogical implications.
- 著者
- ISHIBASHI H
- 雑誌
- Autoimmun Rev.
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2, pp.19-24, 2003
- 被引用文献数
- 2
1 0 0 0 OA 海底下遠隔採掘区域の通気について
- 著者
- 鈴木 廉生
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 資源・素材学会
- 雑誌
- 日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.96, no.1112, pp.709-711, 1980-10-25 (Released:2011-07-13)
1 0 0 0 通常観測気象要素を用いた WBGT(湿球黒球温度)の推定
- 著者
- 小野 雅司 登内 道彦
- 出版者
- 日本生気象学会
- 雑誌
- 日本生気象学会雑誌 (ISSN:03891313)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.50, no.4, pp.147-157, 2014
我々は気象庁の協力を得て,国内 6 都市(気象台)において 2007 年より黒球温度の連続観測を行い,WBGT(湿球黒球温度)を算出,ホームページより公開してきた.これらの観測データを元に,黒球温度,湿球温度を使わず通常気象要素のみにより WBGT を簡便に推定する方法を提案する.<br> 乾球温度,相対湿度,全天日射量,風速,及び,これら気象要素を組み合わせた乾球温度 × 相対湿度,全天日射量の二次項を用いることにより極めて高い精度で WBGT を推定できる式を得た.また,異なる都市,異なる年度のデータを用いて求めた推定式は,同一都市・同一年度のデータを用いて求めた推定式と比較して,ほぼ同程度の推定精度が得られ(推定誤差 1.0°C 以内:98.3~99.8%),全国共通の WBGT 推定式としての使用が可能と考えられる.<br>
- 著者
- 芦澤 邦明
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本教育学会
- 雑誌
- 日本教育学会大會研究発表要項
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.71, pp.308-309, 2012
1 0 0 0 原始惑星の合体条件と地球型惑星形成への影響
- 著者
- 玄田 英典 小久保 英一郎 井田 茂
- 出版者
- 日本惑星科学会
- 雑誌
- 日本惑星科学会秋季講演会予稿集
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2007, pp.35, 2007
地球型惑星形成の後期には、原始惑星同士の衝突が頻繁に起こるステージが存在する。本研究では、SPH法を用いて様々な衝突条件で原始惑星の衝突を計算し、合体条件などを系統的に調べ定式化した。その結果、過去の研究でわかっていた衝突イベントの約半数が合体しない衝突であることがわかった。合体条件を原始惑星の軌道進化に組込み、非完全合体が地球型惑星の特性(個数・質量・自転など)に与える影響を明らかにする。
1 0 0 0 OA 紡錘虫の形態進化とその古生物学的意味
- 著者
- 赤木 三郎
- 出版者
- 地学団体研究会
- 雑誌
- 地球科学 (ISSN:03666611)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1958, no.38, pp.13-27, 1958-06-28 (Released:2017-07-24)
In this paper, the writer discussed the significance of the growth and form of fusulinids, especially of the relations between such shell forms as cylindrical or fusiform and the spiral growth of the shell. Most of the materials, used in this study, are chosen from the specimens of Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis AKAGI (MS), collected from the limestone of Miharano, Tojo-machi, Hiba-gun, Hiroshima Prefecture. It is the most abundant fusulinids in the Miharano Limestone (Sakmarian). The fossils occur as free specimens detouched from matrix, so that the external characteristics are well observed. First, the meanings of the shell form were discussed. Geometrically, the mode of growth is regular and rather simple, in spite of the apparent complexity of the internal structures exhibited in thin sections. An increase of protplasm results the growth of body and the coiling chambers. Additions of chambers along the preceding ones make up the volutions, which are performed regularly, because their floors and backside walls are substituted by the corresponding roofs and frontal walls of the preceding ones. Organization has not been studied in fusulinids. They have been included in the "Anaxonia" together with such higher invertebrates as gastropods and others, as was the case of the other members of Amoebae. But, it should be better to remove them from the Anaxonia, because they have a distinct axis in their bodies, around which the shell is formed in a certain regular and definite way of coiling, whereas the members of true Anaxonia do not show any regularity in their organization. So, the writer proposes a new group "Spiralia" for those animals characterised by the spiral organization of body. Second, the spiral curves of coiling were studied in some detail, and were compared with curves drawn geometrically. In this case, the writer found that the spiral curves of fusulinids were nearly identical with logarithmic spiral, which was characterized by a constant angle of tangent against the corresponding radius at their contact. Such spirals as those are called equiangular spirals. The angles of contact in Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis are about 86 degrees throughout the most stages of growth, except the earliest and the gerontic stages. A deployed figure is drawn in such a way as follows : First, an ideal cross section is deduced from an axial section. In this operation, the law of constant angle of contact is used. The ideal cross section is better than a real cross section for the prepareation of a deployed figure, because it represents a cross section of the same individual from which the axial section is obtained. Further, an ideal cross section confirms the specific identity of a real cross section and the axial section, from which the ideal cross section is deduced. The spiral curve of the ideal cross section, is, then, unrolled and straightened in a straight line. Then, the chambers of the axial section are figured serially and successively on the straight line, where the positions of each chamber are located so as to equal to the lengths of corresponding half a volutions. Next, both ends of each sections were connected successively by lines on both sides of the figure. The figure, thus obtained, represents an unrolled sheet of a fusulinid indvidual, and it, really, shows the mode of growth very clearly. The deployed figure of Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis, deduced from the holotype specimen, shows that the rate of growth changes rapidly in several stages. Also, it shows the relation between growth and form, the increase of tunnel angles and the relative growth of several parts of shell. The growth of the shell in spiral direction is larger in the center, and becomes smaller toward the polar regions. From such deployed figures of fusulinids, followings are noticed. 1. In fusnlinids, four factors of growth are important in the study of shell form. These(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
- 著者
- 三村 明夫 田村 俊一
- 出版者
- 日経BP社
- 雑誌
- 日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.1764, pp.94-97, 2014-11-03
アベノミクス効果から取り残されてきた中小企業の業績に改善の兆しが見えてきた。来年秋の消費増税で再び逆風が予想されるが、「10%までは賛成」の姿勢を崩さない。難題は人口減。商工会議所が婚活パーティーを開くなど、新機軸を打ち出している。
- 著者
- 北川 勝彦
- 出版者
- 関西大学東西学術研究所
- 雑誌
- 関西大学東西学術研究所紀要 (ISSN:02878151)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.41, pp.51-64, 2008-04-01
This study is a part of wider research in which this author has been so far investigating into various aspects of liberation struggles in Southern Africa. In particular, discussions have been focused on the relations between guerrillas war and peasant society and legacies of liberation struggles in the post-independent Zimbabwe. It is also intended to research on decolonization of imaginations which had been constructed under the European colonial rule in Africa. Visual images invented under colonialism have played significant roles in disseminating political landscape of Southern Africa. This means that the study is not only about visuality but also cultural contacts and political encompassment engendered by European expansion in Africa. Specific attention is paid upon the Matopos Hills south of Bulawayo in colonial Zimbabwe. In the process of colonization, European settlers explored, exploited and conquered the new lands and converted landscapes of the Matopos to their own one. In other words, Europeans tried to make colonial landscapes fit with their concept of what they had learned in Europe. To begin with, the word pictures by Thomas Baines, the main producer of visual images of the nineteenth century Rhodesian landscape is analyzed. To the next, the meaning of Rhodes' interment in the Matopos is considered as one of the most significant rituals of colonization of landscape. After his funeral on April 10th 1902 nothing was spared in installing Rhodes as the "spirit" of the land. Finally African view of the Matopos is taken not merely as the site of struggle but the deeply rooted imaginations of their landscape in the late 1970s liberation struggles. For African people the cave is the nucleus of a living and active landscape and Mwali cult and shrines of the Matopos does all things to the landscape of the hills. There is no doubt that combination of stone and water is central to their imagination of the landscape of the Matopos. This had been shaped by an interaction with hunter gatherers, cultivators and cattle-keepers for thousands of years although it seemed to nineteenth century European travelers so wild.