著者

岡田 陽介 オカダ ヨウスケ Yosuke Okada

出版者

立教大学社会学部

雑誌

応用社会学研究 = The journal of applied sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.103-115, 2023-03-23

著者

澤田 昌人

出版者

独立行政法人 日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所

雑誌

アフリカレポート (ISSN:09115552)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.78-87, 2014-11-14 (Released:2021-09-30)

参考文献数

38

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コンゴ民主共和国の安定を図るため、国連は周辺諸国、アフリカ連合などと協力して新たな構想を立ち上げた。その構想「フレームワーク」ではコンゴ軍と協力して、コンゴ東部の武装勢力を一掃する作戦を展開することとなった。ADFと呼ばれる武装勢力もその標的の1つであるが、いまだに武装解除できていない。本稿ではADFの誕生から現在までの歴史をたどり、彼らが地元住民と社会的、経済的に緊密なネットワークを形成して共存していることを示す。またADFが、コンゴ軍やそのほかの武装勢力による暴力から地元住民を保護する役割を果たしていることを示唆し、コンゴ軍よりも支持されている可能性を示す。コンゴを安定させるためには武装勢力への軍事行動だけでなく、コンゴ軍を含む、政治、行政機構の改革にこれまで以上に積極的に取り組む必要がある。

著者

大谷 卓史

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.8, pp.603-605, 2012-11-01 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

10

著者

原 實

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.01-034(271~304), 1968-09

著者

原 實

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.01-037(420~456), 1968-12

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The Kṣatriyas, ruling and military caste in ancient India, had the Kṣatradharma as their guiding principle to be observed. But what is meant by the Kṣatradharma as is seen in the epic literature of ancient India? Broadly speaking, it falls into two categories: the dharma of the ruling caste in peace and that of the military caste in war.The former, which is almost equal to the Râjadharma, is applied to the ruling of the people in accordance with right and justice (protection and punishment), the preservation of order in the age-honoured caste system, and the honouring of the Brahmins, their spiritual authority. The distinctive feature of the Kṣatriyas, however, consists in power, which is denoted by such Sanskrit words as bhuja-virya, vikrama, virya, tejas, ojas, and bala. It is by dint of this power that the ruling caste is relied upon by the people. Besides power, anger (manyu) and steadfastness (dhairya) are also said to be peculiar to the Kṣatriyas, while detection (glâni), perseverance (kṣamâ) and boastfulness (vikatthana) are qualities improper to them. The praise of power among the Kṣatriya warriors makes the nature of the Kṣatradharma violent (raudra), and thus they are styled razor-hearted. Even murder of their elders and teachers is justified in the name of the Kṣatradharma. From the reliance of power derives the spirit of non-begging as their attribute. Thus it is only through their exercise of power, namely by appealing to the sword, that they accept or take anything from others. This exercise of power justified by the Kṣatradharma distinguishes them from robbers. The violent and merciless aspect of the Kṣatradharma naturally calls forth repulsion not only among commoners but also among some of the Kṣatriya warriors, and hence a number of passages found in the epic literature condemning the Kṣatradharma.It is in time of war, however, that the essence of the Kṣatradharma is best illustrated. The Kṣatriyas are said to be the caste who live on weapons and battles. Engagement in battles is said to be their duty. They are required to do their best in fighting without the slightest regard to their life. In battle they are forced to choose either of the two ways: to kill enemy or to be killed by enemy. If they kill enemy they will gain land and fame. Even if they are killed by enemy they are promised attainment to Heaven. Accordingly, battle is said to be never fruitless as long as, of course, they fight bravely. To die on the battlefield, which is put in such figures of speech as to lie on the arrow-bed and to embrace their beloved (i. e., bhûmi, “earth”), is highly praiseworthy of the Kṣatriya warriors; but to die at home surrounded by their family and relatives is a disgrace to them. When they fan on the battlefield or are “purified by weapons” they will be received by the heavenly nymphs (apsaras) and immediately sent to Heaven, which is called in such varied names as svarga, vîra-loka, and brahma-loka. Thus widows of the fallen warriors feel jealous of the earth and the heavenly nymphs who are supposed to embrace their husband. There is yet another alternative, namely, to retreat from the battlefield. Retreat is considered highly condemnable, for it is nothing but abandoning ,the Kṣatradharma. It is against the Kṣatradharma. The destiny that awaits such cowardly warriors is but to fall into hell.

著者

光本 滋

出版者

日本教師教育学会

雑誌

日本教師教育学会年報 (ISSN:13437186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.75-84, 2018-09-29 (Released:2020-07-06)

参考文献数

10

著者

小山 碧海 喜友名 朝視顕 小林 賢治 新井 美桜 三田 雅人 岡 照晃 小町 守

出版者

一般社団法人 言語処理学会

雑誌

自然言語処理 (ISSN:13407619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.330-371, 2023 (Released:2023-06-15)

参考文献数

144

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本稿では,日本語文法誤り訂正のための誤用タグ付き評価コーパスを構築する.評価コーパスはモデルの性能評価に欠かすことができない.英語文法誤り訂正では様々な評価コーパスの公開により,モデル間の精緻な比較が可能になりコミュニティが発展していった.しかし日本語文法誤り訂正では利用可能な評価コーパスが不足しており,コミュニティの発展を阻害している.本研究ではこの不足を解消するため,日本語文法誤り訂正のための評価コーパスを構築し,一般利用可能な形で公開する.我々は文法誤り訂正において代表的な学習者コーパス Lang-8 コーパスの日本語学習者文から評価コーパスを作成する.また文法誤り訂正分野の研究者や開発者が使いやすい評価コーパスとするため,評価コーパスの仕様を英語文法誤り訂正で代表的なコーパスやツールに寄せる.最後に作成した評価コーパスで代表的な文法誤り訂正モデルを評価し,今後の日本語文法誤り訂正においてベースラインとなるスコアを報告する.

著者

村瀬 寿代 Hisayo Murase

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 = St. Andrew's University Journal of Christian Studies (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.63-94, 2000-03-15

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.278-290, 2021 (Released:2022-03-31)

著者

山田 昭彦

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌A(基礎・材料・共通部門誌) (ISSN:03854205)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.1, pp.32-38, 2001-01-01 (Released:2008-07-15)

参考文献数

51

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Research and development of electronic computers started in late 40's in Japan. After the invention of transistors in the US and parametrons in Japan, laboratories and manufacturers started developing computers using transistors or parametrons as logical elements. Therefore only four vacuum tube computers were manufactured in Japan. These are Electronic Computer at Osaka University, FUJIC of Fuji Photo Film Company, TAC of University of Tokyo and ECL RTC. Though the first generation of computers was rather short in Japan, the technical contribution of the development of vacuum tube computers is valuable. This paper reviews the development efforts of the former two vacuum tube computers, Osaka University's and FUJIC.

著者

Akihiro Shiroshita Norio Yamamoto Natsumi Saka Hiroshi Shiba Shinji Toki Mari Yamamoto Eisuke Doi Yuki Kataoka

出版者

Society for Clinical Epidemiology

雑誌

Annals of Clinical Epidemiology (ISSN:24344338)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.24005, (Released:2023-06-10)

著者

角藤 裕 清水 元気 山岡 傳一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本東洋医学会

雑誌

日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.161-167, 2018 (Released:2018-11-08)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 3

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持続する吃逆は患者のQuality of Life を大きく損なうため速やかな治療が求められるが,時に治療に難渋する。 当院では,吃逆の治療に柿蔕湯を日常的に用いており効果を実感しているがその有効率についてのデータは無いままであった。そこで2014年2月1日~2016年2月28日までの25ヵ月間に,吃逆を主訴として当院漢方内科を受診し,第一選択薬として柿蔕湯が処方された患者について,カルテを後方視的に調査し検討した。対象患者は27名(女性3名),年齢65.4±15.1歳(24~89歳)であった。対象者の59.3%で奏効し,症状軽快例を含め全体の66.7%に効果が認められた。投与後2日以内に効果を確認できる例が多く,有効例の88.9%が投与開始4日以内に効果を確認できた。証によらず病名処方的に投与を行った例も多くあったにも関わらず有効率が高く,臨床的に非常に重要と考えられた。

著者

角田 裕志 満尾 世志人 千賀 裕太郎

出版者

日本生態学会

雑誌

保全生態学研究 (ISSN:13424327)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.243-248, 2011-11-30

被引用文献数

1

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We investigated the fish fauna in 50 irrigation ponds in Iwate prefecture, northeastern Japan. Four cases of new invasions of alien largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, into previously non-invaded ponds were observed during surveys from 2008 to 2009. Given the limitations of natural migration by largemouth bass, all of these cases were likely the result of illegal stocking. In three of the ponds, establishment of new populations of bass was successfully prevented by the removal of collected individuals during our survey. However, the population eradication in the remaining pond failed, and the recruitment of juveniles was observed in 2010 surveys. Our results suggest that the Invasive Alien Species Act was insufficient to prevent illegal stocking of largemouth bass and that further countermeasures such as monitoring surveys and patrolling are needed.

著者

南 裕樹

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.76-82, 2017-02-15 (Released:2017-08-15)

参考文献数

15

著者

Kohei Tokuyama Hiro Kiyosue Yuzo Hori Mika Okahara Hirofumi Nagatomi Yoshiki Asayama

出版者

The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy

雑誌

Journal of Neuroendovascular Therapy (ISSN:18824072)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.oa.2023-0012, (Released:2023-06-13)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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Objective: Selective transvenous embolization (sTVE) is an effective technique for treating dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs); however, selective catheterization into the shunted pouch is often difficult due to the acute angle of the access route between the target pouch and dural sinus. We present our initial experience using a steerable microcatheter (SM) to manually control the tip angle for selective catheterization and sTVE of DAVFs.Methods: Thirteen consecutive cases of DAVFs and 16 procedures that involved sTVE using SM between October 2016 and October 2018 were reviewed. SMs were used for selective catheterization of shunted venous pouches and/or the affected sinus and coil embolization. We evaluated the maneuverability of the SM, the success of selective catheterization into the target lesions, and the results of endovascular treatments.Results: Endovascular procedures were performed in a single session in 10 cases and in two staged sessions in 3 cases. There was no difficulty in maneuverability of the SM. Successful selective catheterization was achieved in 26 of 27 target lesions. Immediately after embolization, angiography showed complete occlusion in 10 cases and marked reduction in 3 cases. During 40.9 months of mean follow-up, 12 cases showed complete occlusion and one case showed a small residual shunt on MRI. Procedure-related complications of spontaneous thrombosis of the affected sinus were observed in one case. There were no cases of recurrence or exacerbation during follow-up.Conclusion: SM is useful for selective catheterization for target lesions during sTVE of DAVFs.

著者

駒澤 大吾 廣崎 真柚 長谷川 智宏 渡邊 雄介

出版者

日本喉頭科学会

雑誌

喉頭 (ISSN:09156127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.02, pp.129-145, 2020-12-01 (Released:2021-05-11)

参考文献数

44

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Although it is generally accepted that phonomicrosurgery may be indicated for vocal fold mass lesions even in professional singers, the specific indications for surgery on stroboscopic findings for microlesions of the vocal folds in professional singers are not clear. The present study included 88 patients (male, n=36; female, n=52) who presented to the AKASAKA Voice Health Center with clear complaints in singing and who underwent phonomicrosurgery to resect microlesions of the vocal folds. At three months postoperatively, 102 of the total 117 subjective complaints in singing were resolved (87%). We classified five vertical locations of lesions (determined based on surgical findings) on the medial surface of the vocal folds, and statistically analyzed the differences in verticality according to the various attributes of the cases. The results showed that lesions were significantly more prevalent in the upper part of the vocal folds when the singing or disordered voice was in a high pitch and light register, while lesions were significantly more prevalent in the lower part of the vocal folds when the voice was in a low pitch and heavy register. Considering laryngeal regulation during singing, we hypothesize that lesions in the lower part of the mucosal wave-generating area are more likely to cause a malfunction in singing. A lesion in such a location can also be identified by stroboscopy, as a prominence on the medial margin in the closing phase (lesion on lower crest: LLC). Although individualized treatment is necessary, stroboscopic findings that demonstrate the presence of an irreversible LLC in singing may be a good indication for phonomicrosurgery.

著者

武田 真城 池田 実

出版者

アクオス研究所

雑誌

水生動物 (ISSN:24348643)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, pp.1-20, 2022 (Released:2022-02-14)

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The freshwater shrimp Palaemon paucidens C type is likely to be endemic to Amami-Oshima Island. We investigated the distribution of the shrimp in 34 rivers on Amami-Oshima and Kakeroma Islands, and implemented DNA analysis and rearing experiment for the seawater requirement of the larvae. This type was found only in Katoku River in the southeastern part of Amami-Oshima Island. Mitochondrial (16S rDNA) and nuclear (18S rDNA) DNA analyses revealed substantial sequence differences between the C type and other two types (A and B) collected from the Japanese Archipelago. This result strongly indicates that the C type is a unique group that is geographically isolated and has diverged genetically from the two types in the Japanese Archipelago. The zoeal larvae of C type showed higher survival rate in 30 % and 70 % seawater than 0 % or 100 %, suggesting that this type has amphidromous life history as the B type. Considering the limited distribution and low genetic diversity of the C type, the risk of extinction is probably high. For the viability of this type, conservation of the landscape of Katoku River, including its estuary, is needed.

著者

白井 康大 中村 知史 鈴木 麻美 大坂 友美子 大西 健太郎 栗原 顕 小野 裕一 澤田 三紀 清水 茂雄 大友 建一郎 坂本 保己 磯部 光章 内藤 滋人

出版者

公益財団法人 日本心臓財団

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.SUPPL.3, pp.S3_61-S3_64, 2009 (Released:2015-01-23)

参考文献数

5

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症例は32歳, 男性. 感冒様症状後の下腿浮腫を主訴に前医を受診し, 胸部X線上心拡大と肺うっ血を認め心エコーにてEF 18%と著明な低心機能を認めた. 冠動脈に有意狭窄は認めず, 生検の結果心筋炎の診断にてアンジオテンシンII受容体遮断薬 (ARB), β遮断薬, 利尿薬を投与され, 心不全は改善し退院後当院を紹介受診した. 初診時EFは25%, ホルター心電図にて非持続性心室類拍 (NSVT) を認めたが, β遮断薬増量にて1年後の心エコーではEF 71%まで改善を認めた. ホルター心電図にて不整脈は認めず, 加算平均心電図, T波オルタナンス検査はともに正常であった. ARB, β遮断薬のみ継続し外来フォローしていた. 心筋炎発症から2年後, 出張先の米国にて妻と電話中突然倒れ心肺停止となり救急隊の蘇生にても心拍再開せず永眠された. 急性心筋炎に伴う低心機能, 不整脈に関して著明な改善を認めるも, 遠隔期に心臓性と考えられる突然死をきたした1例を経験したので報告する.

著者

村上 碧 竹内 史郎

出版者

成城国文学会

雑誌

成城国文学 (ISSN:09110941)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.114-100, 2017-03