著者

黒田 耕司 横山 照由 梅田 常雄 喜多 良昭 小西 明 黒田 勤

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.7, pp.745-751, 1979-07-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 2

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Physicochemical properties of the polymorphs and hydrate of 6-mercaptopurine were investigated. Its crystal habits were slightly changed and form I-TX was obtained by the addition of 6-thioxanthine and/or 2, 6-dithioxanthine and subsequent recrystallization. It was found that when Form I-TX was heated at 240°, this form transformed to Form III which was found to have a solubility about 6-7 times that of Form I. The mutual transition of 6-mercaptopurine polymorphs and hydrate under various conditions of heating and suspending in water was also studied. The transition temperature and the heat of transition between Form I-TX and Form II-TXhyd were determined to be 127°and 2.15 kcal/mol, respectively, by the solubility measurement. It was expected that if the transition of Form III could be suppressed, more bioavailable preparation of 6-mercaptopurine would be obtained.

著者

豊坂 昭弘 村田 尚之 三嶋 康裕 安藤 達也 大室 儁 関 保二 金廣 裕道

出版者

一般社団法人日本消化器外科学会

雑誌

日本消化器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869768)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.417-423, 2009-04-01

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日本で受けた男性性転換手術後に晩期合併症として超高位の直腸膣瘻を経験し局所的に閉鎖しえたので報告する.患者は33歳で,7年前に男性から女性への性転換手術を受けた.3年前から人工膣から出血,排便をみている.注腸および内視鏡検査で,直腸S状部の超高位の直腸と人工膣が大きな瘻孔を形成していた.まず人工肛門を造設し,2か月後経仙骨的経路で手術を施行し癒着に難渋したが瘻孔を閉鎖した.術後は順調に経過し,2か月後人工肛門を閉鎖した.現在術後1年3月経過し再発はなく,美容的にも満足している.術後は再発の恐れから膣は使用されていない.本例は解剖学的に通常では発生しえない直腸S状部の超高位の直腸膣瘻であり,このような超高位の直腸S状部の直腸膣瘻の報告は内外とも見られず,局所的手術で修復した報告も見られないので報告した.本例での瘻孔の原因は人工膣内へ狭窄防止用ステントの使用による圧迫壊死であった.

著者

安野 麻子 Asako Yasuno

雑誌

年報・フランス研究 (ISSN:09109757)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.67-80, 2000-12-25

著者

篠原 修

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

日本土木史研究発表会論文集 (ISSN:09134107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.323-330, 1985-06-25 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

15

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In the paper, the difference and sameness of the road images between Japanese and French, German, English are investigated. Many sorts of words of road were picked up from these four languages first, and then the original meaning of the words were inquired from the etimological viewpoint. The road images were discussed and compared by means of these original meanings finally. As a result, the basic road images of Japanese were classified into following six categories. (1) as a orientation indicator (2) as a space for passing (3) as a element to divide and enclose houses (4) as a element of connecting (5) as a thing having long streching form (6) as a way of go and back, former two are pure Japanese images and the latter four are Chinese-Japanese ones. On the other hand, the basic images of French, German and English were classified into nine categories. (1) as a breaked way (2) as a way to reach (3) as a way of paved or unpaved (4) as a space for rambling (5) as a trodden way (6) as a way on wall (7) as a way beside water (8) as a horse riding way (9) as a city boundary element.

著者

直良信夫 著

出版者

さ・え・ら書房

巻号頁・発行日

1949

著者

辻村 優志 川方 裕則 福山 英一 山下 太 徐 世慶 溝口 一生 滝沢 茂 平野 史朗

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-10

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For inland earthquakes such as the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake (Doi and Kawakata, 2013) and the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake (Doi and Kawakata, 2012), foreshocks were reported to occur in the vicinity of main shock hypocenter. Moreover, for interplate earthquakes such as the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (Kato, et al., 2012) and 2014 Iquique earthquake in Chile (Yagi et al., 2014), migration of foreshocks toward the main shock hypocenter was detected in one month before the main shock. In order to understand the generation mechanism of foreshocks, it is important to investigate under what environments foreshocks occur.Since 2012, stick-slip experiments have been carried out using a large-scale biaxial friction apparatus at NIED (e.g., Fukuyama et al., 2014). Based on the experimental result that foreshocks were detected only in the later period of each run, Kawakata et al. (2014) suggested that the foreshocks occur only after the generation of gouge. In this study, we carried out a series of stick-slip experiments with and without pre-existing gouge along a fault plane to confirm if fault gouge affects the foreshock activity. When foreshocks are detected, we estimate the hypocenter locations of foreshocks.We used two rectangular metagabbro blocks to make the simulated fault plane, whose dimension was 1500 mm long and 500 mm wide. The experiments were conducted under normal stress of 1.33 MPa and loading speed of 0.01 mm/s up to approximate slip amount of 8 mm. During each experiment, we continuously measured elastic waves to detect foreshocks. The sensor distribution is shown in the figure below. Gouge materials were prepared naturally during preceding experiments whose sliding speed was as high as 1 mm/s.To roughly detect foreshock activity, we calculated cumulative amplitude of continuous waveform data every 0.01 seconds. During an experiment without pre-existing gouge materials (LB13-004), a few foreshocks were detected. On the other hand, during an experiment with pre-existing gouge materials (LB13-007), much more foreshocks were detected. Then we estimated hypocenters of foreshocks for a stick-slip event (event 44) in LB13-007. Although the initial phases of the main shock were contaminated due to the coda wave signals of preceding foreshocks, the hypocenter of the main shock was roughly estimated near the right end of the fault plane. Foreshocks began to occur in the left half of the fault plane, but most of later foreshocks occurred near the right end.Therefore, we confirmed that foreshock activity was high when gouge materials were present along a fault plane, and found a similar hypocenter migration of foreshocks toward the main shock hypocenter, which was reported for interplate earthquakes.In the future, we shall examine the data obtained from other experiments to confirm if the aforementioned features are common.Acknowledgments: This work was supported by NIED research project “Development of monitoring and forecasting technology for crustal activity” and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23340131.

著者

豊本 大 川方 裕則 平野 史朗 土井 一生

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-10

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Recently, small foreshocks have been frequently detected using a cross-correlation technique (e.g., Bouchon et al., 2011, Science). For inland earthquakes, foreshocks whose hypocenters were estimated to be adjacent to the mainshock hypocenter were detected from several tens of minutes before the main shock occurrence (Doi and Kawakata, 2012, GRL; 2013, EPS). Toyomoto et al. (2015, SSJ) tried to detect foreshocks of an M 5.4 earthquake in central Nagano prefecture on June 30, 2011, in a similar manner to Doi and Kawakata (2013). Using the continuous waveforms of the vertical component at N.MWDH (Hi-net) station (the epicentral distance of the mainshock is 4.5 km), they newly detected 14 foreshocks with a cross-correlation criterion of 0.6, in addition to 27 foreshocks listed in the JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) unified hypocenter catalogs. To efficiently detect small foreshocks for other inland earthquakes, it is necessary to design how to set the cross-correlation detection criterion for foreshock detection.In this study, we carried out foreshocks detection of the same earthquake in the same method as Toyomoto et al. (2015, SSJ) using the waveform record of N.MNYH (Hi-net) station (epicentral distance of main shock is 5.3km). In this case, the maximum correlation coefficients during one minute tended to be higher than those for records at N.MWDH station, and the result of detection strongly depends on a threshold employed in a cross-correlation method. This indicates that we should not use a universal threshold independent of data. One of alternative way is to use the standard deviation of cross-correlation coefficients. Then, we made a histogram of the cross-correlation coefficients of 1-day data. The histogram of N.MWDH data is Gaussian and the cross-correlation coefficients obey a normal distribution with the average of zero. Although the histogram of N.MNYH data is not Gaussian, so the cross-correlation coefficients have a large-deviation. In such a case, a criterion depending on the standard deviation is inadequate.Acknowledgments:We used continuous waveform records of NIED high-sensitivity seismograph network in Japan (Hi-net) and the JMA unified hypocenter catalogs.

著者

米田 直明 川方 裕則 平野 史朗

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-10

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It has been reported that the b-value decreases prior to large earthquakes in nature (e.g., Imoto, 1991) and failure of a rok sample in laboratories (e.g., Scholz, 1968) . To discuss a temporal variation of the b-value, a sufficient number of earthquakes is required. In general, calculation of b-value prior to large earthquakes requires long-term data because seismic activity is not always high at that term. In other words, the temporal resolution of b-value variation before a large earthquake is usually low. Therefore, sufficiently high seismic activity before the large earthquake is required to evaluate the b-value variation precisely.For example, two major earthquakes occurred in northern Tochigi Prefecture: Mj6.3 in 2013 and Mj5.1 in 2014. The two events followed the increase of seismic events. One possible cause of this increase is the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake in 2011 (e.g., Aketagawa, 2011).In this study, we try to detect the temporal variation of the b-value in northern Tochigi Prefecture where a large number of earthquakes could be observed in a short period prior to the two major events. First, to increase the temporal resolution, we calculate the b-value for a circular region with 20km radius from the epicenter of the Mj6.3 event; the result is shown in Figure A. While the b-value was greater than 1.0 and stable before March 2011, it dramatically decreased to ~0.6 after the occurrence of the Tohoku earthquake in 2011 and recovered to around 1.0 almost within one year. After that, it decreased to ~0.7 again following the Mj6.3 event in 2013 and recovered to ~1.0 within a small period. Although it decreased to ~0.75 again following the Mj5.1 event in 2014, it did not recover but continued, at least, one year. Regarding these different variations in each sequence, we considered the seismic activity in northern Tochigi precisely. We consider regions 1, 2, and 3. The region 1 is located south of the source region of the Mj6.3 event and includes an active fault. The regions 2 and 3 include the source areas of the Mj6.3 and Mj5.1 events, respectively. The temporal variation of b-value for each region is shown in Figure B, C, and D. In region 1, constant seismic activity has continued for the whole term and the b-value was stable and greater than 1.0. The b-values are also stable but ~1.0 in region 2 and ~0.75 in region 3. On the basis of these results, we found that the temporal variation of the b-value of the entire region is affected by the temporarily activated one of the three regions. However, in regions 2 and 3, the numbers of events to calculate the b-value precisely are insufficient despite their activation. So we found that we cannot detect temporal variation of the b-value prior to the major events. This finding tells us that we need to consider the target region carefully when we research the temporal variation of the b-value.AcknowledgmentsIn this study, we used the JMA unified hypocenter catalogue.

著者

植村 美優 川方 裕則 平野 史朗

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-10

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On the basis of experimental studies (e.g. Yoshimitsu et al., 2009 and Lockner et al., 1977), it has been expected that seismic velocity decreases prior to earthquakes. To detect temporal variation in the velocity, stable monitoring of the velocity for a long time is required. Seismic interferometry using micro-tremors is one of the potential techniques which enable us to detect such variation if seismic stations are densely located. With a seismic interferometry technique, some researchers have tried to detect the velocity variation before and after an earthquake using seismograms of a station pair whose interval was longer than ~20 km, but remarkable variation preceding target earthquakes have never been reported. If we can use seismograms of a station pair with a shorter interval, we might be able to detect the variation. In this study, we chose the 2014 Nagano Kamishiro Fault Earthquake (Mj 6.7) as a target, whose source fault (Kamishiro fault) is located between two NIED Hi-net seismic stations (N.HBAH and N.HKKH). The interval of these stations is about 7.3km.At first, we investigated how frequency contents of micro-tremors depend on time, such as day or night, weekday or weekend. After checking, we confirmed that seismograms on Saturday night are the best for our analysis. After applying one-bit normalization, we divided continuous seismograms into one-minute seismograms. Then, we calculated the cross-correlation function of each one-minute seismograms pair of two stations, and stacked all cross-correlation functions for a period of six hours, on Saturday night. Finally, we obtained stacked cross-correlation from 2011 to 2015.We found obvious and pulse-like phases around -2s, from which we estimate apparent seismic velocity ~3.5km/s. Further, we found the increase and decrease in velocity during two years before the earthquake. However, the variation of average velocity is as large as 10%, and we cannot find any corresponding phase in positive time. Moreover, we could not find any coseismic variation. It is suggested that distribution of the micro-tremor sources is anisotropic and asymmetric in space and unstable in time even though we focused only on November and December for every year. Consequently, if we try to detect the structure variation around a seismic source fault, we should confirm that the spatio-temporal distribution of the micro-tremors source does not change.Acknowledgments: We used continuous waveform records of NIED high-sensitivity seismograph network in Japan (Hi-net).

著者

若松 修平 川方 裕則 平野 史朗

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-10

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火山性地震には多くの種類が存在する。しかしながらその分類方法は統一されておらず、研究者や火山によって分類方法や基準は異なっている。火山性地震のどの部分に着目して分類するかは筆者によって様々であるし、また同じ名称で分類していても、分類の基準となる値が違うこともある(西村・井口,2006)。以上のように、文献によって火山性地震の分類基準・名称が異なると、混乱を招く。西村・井口(2006)は、「このような基準のずれや分類項目の複雑さは、火山性地震や微動の研究を分かりづらくしている理由の一つである」と述べている。したがって、火山性地震の分類方法を統一することは重要であると言える。そのためには、火山性地震の連続波形データから、十分な量の火山性地震を抽出する必要がある。 しかしながら、火山に設置された地震計には、火山性地震による揺れ以外にも、人の生活に起因する揺れが観測される可能性がある。そのため、火山性地震とそれ以外の揺れを分け、火山性地震のみを抽出するためには、データ毎に火山性地震かそれ以外のことに起因する揺れかということを判断し、火山性地震以外の揺れをノイズとして取り除いていく、という作業が必要となる。これらの作業を行うためには、火山性地震が検出できるよう、火山活動が活発となっている時期がある火山を研究対象とする必要がある。また人の生活に起因するノイズについて解析することで、それらのノイズの強さや周波数を推定でき、火山活動が活発な時期でも人の生活に起因するノイズを発見・除去しやすくなると考えられるため、火山活動が活発ではない時期もある火山が望ましい。 以上の点から、本研究では、2015年4月~9月に火山活動が活発化した箱根火山を研究対象とし、気象庁が公開している二ノ平観測点上下成分の連続波形記録を用いて、火山性地震ではないと思われる揺れを検出・除去できるよう試みた。 二ノ平観測点のデータには、観測点の近くにある彫刻の森駅を発着している電車の波形が記録されていた。以上のことは、彫刻の森駅に電車が発着していた時間と、揺れが発生していた時間で同じであったことから推定できた。 これら電車の発着による揺れの検出について、電車の波形のテンプレートを複数選出し、これらテンプレートと観測波形で似ている部分を検出することを試みた。具体的にはまず、2015年3月29日午前5時~午前9時までの間に発着した20回分の電車による波形を54個に分けたものをテンプレートとした。これらのテンプレートのエンベロープを計算して位相情報をなくした後、時間窓1秒、ずれ0.2秒で移動平均を計算することでスムージングを行なった。これらの処理を観測波形全体にも施し、テンプレートと観測エンベロープ相関をとった。この相関を用いて、電車波形を検出する方法について検討した。 以上の処理を2015年3月29日のデータに適用したところ、合計で116回あった電車による揺れのうち、112回は検出できた。また、24時間のうち、約300秒は電車が来ていない時間帯にも関わらず電車による揺れとして検出された。これらの処理を火山活動が活発化していた時期に適用することで、火山性地震を検出しやすくなることが期待される。また、以上の処理を2015年6月29日のデータに適用したところ、電車が彫刻の森駅に発着している時間にも関わらず、電車波形として検出されなかった部分があった。これらの部分には、火山性の地震波と思われるシグナルが卓越していた。これは、火山性地震の検出という本研究の目的とてらして、成功したといえる。謝辞:本研究にあたり、気象庁火山観測網のデータを使用させていただいた。

著者

岡安 祥夫 片山 正樹 篠原 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 化学工学会

雑誌

化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.8-12, 1996-01-10 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

8

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工場プラントの運転安定化, 要員極少化の技術課題の一つとして, アミノ酸 (リジン) 精製工程における結晶の色測定への画像処理技術の適用が検討された.これまで結晶溶解液の分光光度計の透過率を人手により測定し監視していたが, 常時分析はできず, オンライン測定方法の導入が望まれていた.本論では分光光度計の原理である光の透過率の式と結晶面における光反射の式との関係を解析し, 画像処理測定値による透過率の推算式を導出した.この推算式の各パラメータを, 画像処理の実験により決定することによって, 推算式により検量誤差 3% の精度で分光光度計の実測透過率を推定できることが確認された.さらにカラー画像処理システムを実プラントに設置し, リジン結晶の色の 24 時間オンライン測定を実施することによって, その実用性の評価がおこなわれた.

著者

中野 匡隆

出版者

愛知東邦大学

雑誌

東邦学誌 (ISSN:02874067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.97-107, 2013-06-10

著者

大橋 聡 田口 弘史 生方 伸幸 上村 一正 下村 雄祐 草野 健一 山下 良範 板野 康晴

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

鉄道技術連合シンポジウム(J-Rail)講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.16, pp.113-116, 2009-12-02

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Railway vehicle is the most energy-saving vehicle. To improve a further energy-saving performance in existing cars, We Tokyo Metro have done various adjustments. The performance has been advanced, and the possibility and the technique have been established. The brake performance adjustment considered service line circumstances that it has been the problem so far has been done at the same time, too and the technique of coexisting with the energy-saving performance has been established.

著者

LAUER Joe SELWOOD Jaime 榎田 一路

出版者

広島大学外国語教育研究センター

雑誌

広島外国語教育研究 (ISSN:13470892)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.129-140, 2016

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本稿では,日本の大学1年生102名の英語コミュニケーション能力を,1セメスターにわたり詳細に分析する,総合的な縦断研究を行った。2名の教員が,それぞれ2クラスの授業において,一方は教科書,他方はポッドキャストを教材として用いた。各クラスにおいては英語力や専攻などの変数を統制した。セメスターの最初,中間,および最後に,コミュニケーション能力テストを実施した。特筆すべき点として,本稿で用いられている実験手法は,Gilmore (2011) の重要な研究を一部踏襲している。同研究では,ウェブを中心とする「オーセンティックな教材」を用いる方が教科書に比べて効果が高いとされた。それゆえ,本稿の目的は,Gilmore の研究結果を確認し,教科書とポッドキャストを用いた教材のどちらが,学生の口頭能力の向上に効果が高いかを探ることにある。本研究の結果,どちらの教材を用いても,学生は同様の向上を示した。例えば,リスニングテストでは全4クラスにおいて,平均約10%の,統計的に有意なスコアの上昇が見られた (p < .05)。また,語彙・文法のスコアは,概ねどのクラスも特に向上は見られなかった。録音によるスピーキングテストでは,全クラスで,流暢さ(3分間に発話された語数),/l/ の発音の正確さの点で有意な上昇が見られた。しかし,冠詞や前置詞といったその他の難易度の高い文法項目においては,どのクラスにおいても,概して向上は見られなかった。本研究の結果は,ウェブを教材に用いる方が教科書よりも良いとする Gilmore の主張に重大な疑問を呈するものである。In a comprehensive longitudinal study, the English communicative abilities of 102 Japanese university freshmen were analyzed in detail during one semester. Two teachers each taught two courses; in one course a textbook was used, and in the other course podcasts were used. There were several controlled variables, including starting language abilities and student majors. A series of communicative language tests were given at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester. Importantly, the experimental method used here partially mirrored an influential study published by Gilmore (2011), which found that utilizing "authentic materials"—which were mostly Web-based—seemed to be more effective than utilizing textbooks. Thus, the goal of the present study was to confirm Gilmore's findings by determining which pedagogical materials were more effective in improving students' oral abilities: textbooks or podcasts.It was found that students progressed in similar ways, regardless of the pedagogical materials used. For example, students in all four classes improved their scores on listening tests by an average of about 10%, this improvement being statistically significant (p < .05). And, on average, students in none of the classes noticeably improved their vocabulary-grammar scores much. On audio recordings of students having conversations in English, there were remarkable improvements during the semester in all classes with respect to both fluency (number of words uttered during 3 minutes) and the correct pronunciation of /l/. But none of the classes, when taken as a whole, seemed to improve other spoken grammatical trouble spots, such as use of grammatical articles or prepositions. The results seriously question Gilmore's contention that Web-based materials are better than textbooks.

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1332, pp.40-43, 2006-03-13

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東京・新宿の京王百貨店新宿店。1階の靴売り場の目玉は中年以降の女性が好む普段履きのウオーキングシューズだ。年商約14億円と、1店舗のウオーキングシューズの売上高で全国1位を誇る。 売り場の中心的存在が西川貞子(ていこ)(60歳)である。靴製造・販売のエースコーポレーションから京王百貨店に派遣され、勤続10年となる。

著者

浅井 駿 岸野 文郎

雑誌

エンタテインメントコンピューティングシンポジウム2013論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, pp.339-341, 2013-09-27

著者

神谷 卓郎 小川 健次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 化学工学会

雑誌

化学工学 (ISSN:03759253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.373-377, 1962-02-01 (Released:2010-10-07)

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Two methods are prevalent for the recovery of acetone in an acetate dry-spinning plant. One of them is the absorption process and the other, the adsorption one. The latter, having higher recovery efficiency and less steam consumption when employed in rectifying acetone, has come to be more widely used than the former, especially with the improvement in the properties of activated charcoal. But the absorption process has such merits as safety from explosion and possibility of perfectly continuous operation. The lower recovery efficiency, which is one of its drawbacks, can be improved by the circulation of the air laden with vapour. The circulation of the air, together with the use of the multi-stage turboblower and turbine pump helps to increase the thermal efficiency of this process. From this view point, the economical evalution has been made of the absorption process into which several improvements are put by the authors.By the application of a multistage turbine pump, higher coefficient of heat transfer is obtainable between the feed and the wast of the rectifying column.Furthermore, judging from the characteristics of the equilibrium curve of rectification, there is little difference between the two methods with regard to their construction costs of equipment and their consumption amount of calorific power, when the density of the feed is kept over 2.5% in weight, although, in this case, cool water at the temperature of 5°C or so is required for absorption use.The construction cost of the equipment can be much more reduced and the power required in the operation, much more saved, when the said cool water is supplied directly refrigerated with liquid ammonia.As to the circulating air, the power of the blower will be used effectively both for promoting the efficiency of the heat exchanger and for heating the air by increasing the compression ratio.Table 1 shows the comparison between the old and the new absorption processes with respect to the utility and the construction cost, and Table 3, the results of the actual operation carried out in the authors' plant.

著者

粟田 悦郎 池上 佳彦

出版者

公益社団法人 化学工学会

雑誌

化学工学 (ISSN:03759253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.384-388, 1962-02-01 (Released:2010-10-07)

参考文献数

43

著者

松森 晶子

出版者

国立国語研究所

雑誌

国立国語研究所論集 (ISSN:2186134X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.67-92, 2013-11

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琉球諸語の先行研究では,宮古島の与那覇方言は「ごく区別のしにくい」2つの種類の音調から成り立っており,そのためこの方言は型の「曖昧化」の一途をたどっている,と記述されてきた。これに対し本稿では,この与那覇方言の2つの種類の型は,特定の条件を満たした文節の中で非常に明瞭に区別でき,それには「3モーラがひとつの単位となってフットを形成し,H音調はそのフットに実現する」という制約が関与していることを論じる。さらに本稿では,この方言のアクセントが,これまで記述されてきたような「2型体系」なのではなく,れっきとした「3型体系」であることを,特にその「複合語のアクセント」に焦点を当てて示す。また,その3種の音調型のすべてが明らかになるためには,少なくとも「3つ」の音調領域が並ぶ必要がある,ということも提案する。さらに,このような「フットの成立が型の区別とかかわる」ことや「3つの音調領域が並んだ場合に,はじめて3つの型の区別が出現する」といった与那覇方言の特徴は,他の宮古諸島の方言にも共通して見られる特性である可能性を示唆し,このようなことを前提とした新たな観察法や着眼点によって,今後も宮古島に3型体系が発見される可能性があることも,あわせて論じる。

著者

粟田 悦郎

出版者

公益社団法人 化学工学会

雑誌

化学工学 (ISSN:03759253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.28-34, 1969-01-05 (Released:2010-10-07)

参考文献数

22