著者

浜野 研三 Kenzo Hamano

雑誌

人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64/65, no.4/1, pp.97-118, 2015-05-20

著者

小柳 美代子

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1991, no.41, pp.166-176, 1991-04-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

著者

阪井 裕一郎

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, pp.105-141, 2011-03

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特集 : 人間科学投稿論文The purpose of this paper is to clarity the axis of confrontation regarding the freedom of marital surname choice and to seek for the standpoint for justifying the freedom. From analyzing the discourses on the discussion of allowing marital couples to choose separate surnames (Fuufu-bessei) and my interview research for couples with separate surnames, I attempt to show the axis of confrontation and to examine the validity of legislation of this right.We can largely identify the different and opposite positions as four types: (A) those who insist that marital couples should have the same surnames, (B) those who support the legislation of the right for choosing separate marital surnames, (C) those who criticize the present family register (koseki) and support an ideal society based on the individuals, and (D) those who criticize the family resister but also require the legislation of the right for marital surname choice.With this classification, this study suggests the follows. Firstly, we can not take history or tradition as the grounds for the argument. Secondly, we should not regard the freedom for choosing separate surnames in the same light as requirement for equality of sexes, feminist ideals or individualism. In effect, some feminists or individualists continue to criticize the legislation of the right for choosing separate surnames.This study also suggests that the freedom of marital surname choice should be required in terms of not individualism but 'individual freedom'.

著者

山口 隆介

出版者

聖泉大学紀要委員会

雑誌

聖泉論叢 (ISSN:13434365)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.105-122, 2020

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本稿は,『 プラウン神父』シリーズに見出されるG. K.チェスタトン 1874·1936) の思想を読み解く試みであるが, 特にキリスト教哲学と言いうるものを馴袂することに目標を定める。『プラウン神父』シリーズを貰くキリスト教思想に言及した解説は多い。しかし, 本シリーズを信仰生活への入門魯あるいは信仰生活の知的な刷新に役立ちうる信仰の手引詑というところまで思い入れて読解した論述は, 管見の限り, 日本語では見かけないように思う。本稿は, そのような諒解の一試行であり,『 プラウン神父』ものの社会における機能を拡充することが本研究の目指すところである。チェスタトンは翻訳家泣かせの作家で知られており,『プラウン神父』短編集のタイトルも例外ではない。特に第 1 短編集 The Innocence of Father Brown は出版社ごとにタイトルが変わってしまうほど, 翻訳が安定しない。本稿では, 短編集のもっとも普及している完訳版である創元推理文庫版に準拠した訳を用いることとした。各作品タイトルも同じくそれに準じるが, 初出に限り原題も併載した。作品本文の訳は主に創元推理文庫版を参照しつつ筆者が新たに訳出した 。

著者

照井 一成

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.49-64, 2003-12-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

13

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It is observed by Grishin that inconsistency of naive set theory can be avoided by restricting the logical law of contraction, as it is contraction that enables us to derive logical inconsistency from set-theoretic paradoxes such as Russell's paradox.In this paper, we examine Grishin's contraction-free naive set theory to better understand Russell's paradox and the naive comprehension principle from a purely formal standpoint. We study both static-propositional and dynamic-procedural aspects of naive comprehension and argue that it could lead to an ideal formalization of (part of) mathematics, where both propositional knowledge (theorems) and procedural knowledge (algorithms) reside in harmony.

著者

鈴木 貴之

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.83-94, 2002-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 1

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We have the ability to predict and understand behavior of ourselves and others by attributing various mental states. How can this ability, so-called the theory of mind, be explained? At present, we have two explanations, theory-theory and simulation-theory, and cannot decide which is better. However, if we appreciate that the underlying problem is how to describe the psychological mechanism which generates the phenomena describable as the use of theoretical knowledge, we can see that there remains an important alternative explanation which explains the ability as a kind of pattern recognition.

著者

鈴木 雄大

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-17, 2016-07-31 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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The causal theory of action, which has been the standard theory of action, presupposes that reasons for action are an agentʼs mental attitudes (e.g. beliefs and desires) and claims that they are the cause of the action. However, in this paper I argue that reasons for action are not the agentʼs mental attitudes but their object (e.g. facts, states of affairs, or propositions), inspired by the idea that reasons must be capable of justifying the action as well as explaining it, and that what has this normative force is not mental items, but something objective. I also solve a problem that derives from cases in which the agent believes things falsely.

著者

ラファエル・フォン・ケーベル 著

出版者

教学研鑽和仏協会

巻号頁・発行日

1910

著者

杉岡 良彦

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.61-70, 2007-10-18 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Dr. Makoto Kondo, a radiologist at Keio University, has suggested that one should not fight against cancer. His arguable claims are that (1) cancer screening is ineffective and that (2) cancer is divided into two categories: true cancer and pseudo-cancer ("gan-modoki" in Japanese). The former has a strong potential to be invasive and has already reached the invasive state on detection by screening. The latter is noninvasive and therefore the affected patients need not undergo medical treatment unless they exhibit some symptoms. Kondo highlights the evidence provided by medicine and informs us of how poor its basis is. It should be noted that he reached this conclusion through in-depth reflection on findings regarding cancer, without submitting to the opinions of the authorities. From the perspective of philosophy of medicine, we may state that his attitude is that of a philosopher. However, he also discourages patients who believe that cancer screening and treatment are effective. On the other hand, Dr. Toru Abo, an immunologist and a professor at Niigata University, has developed a theory regarding the close relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system, and maintains that cancer can be cured by activation of the latter. In contrast to the claims of Kondo, many of Abo's claims lack medical evidence, but he offers hope to patients. Kondo's theory is based on positivism, and he does not raise the hope of patients. Kondo's position is very effective in revealing the insubstantial basis of medical science, but he confronts patients with nihilism, while Abo offers hope without considering the fact humans are mortal. Based on the opinions of these two doctors, we can reflect on the limits of application of positivism in medicine and the importance of the optimism that patients display and their individual initiative.

著者

林 誓雄

出版者

西日本哲学会

雑誌

西日本哲学年報 (ISSN:09197982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.95, 2018 (Released:2020-04-06)

著者

森 禎徳

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.24, 2017 (Released:2018-06-20)

著者

黒崎 宏

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.211-217, 1986-03-25 (Released:2009-07-23)

参考文献数

11

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ウィトゲンシュタインの数学論については, 彼の『数学の基礎』の, 第二版よりも遙かに充実した第三版が出版され, またクリスピン・ライトの浩瀚な研究書なども出て, 我々の周辺でも近頃話題になることが多い。しかし彼の科学論については, かつてトゥールミンが彼の小さな本『科学哲学』において, またハンソンが彼の本『発見のパターン』において, 援用していること等を別にすれば, 今も昔もあまり正面から話題にされる事がなかった-ように思われる。しかし私は, 彼の科学論は科学の本質を深く洞察していると思うので, ここで彼の科学論を私なりに整理し, その意味を考えてみようと思う。

著者

野中 哲士

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.21-40, 2020-03-30 (Released:2020-07-03)

参考文献数

31

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I present an approach to the problems of perception that explicitly considers the material basis of the perceptual information picked up by active agents. Taking into account the reservoir of information external to the perceiver makes it possible to study activity before sensory signals have been aroused by stimuli, an activity that orients the organs of perception and explores for the external information. Drawing on J. J. Gibsonʼs ecological approach and the recent discussions on reservoir computing, I illustrate how the consideration of the material basis of potentially informative patterns could fundamentally change the traditional theories on perception.

著者

鈴木 生郎

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.1_15-1_28, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

参考文献数

21

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The paradox of coincidence, a paradox about the relation between a material object and its stuff, has been paid a great attention to in recent metaphysics. In this paper, I compare two influential approaches to this paradox; sortalism and fourdimensional worm theory, and defend sortalism. I give the following two arguments. (1) Worm theory, like sortalism, must introduce sortal concepts to resolve the paradox. So both approaches owe the (almost) same theoretical burden to explain how sortal concepts work. (2) Worm theory, unlike sortalism, introduces sortal concepts in a very problematic way.

著者

石田 正人

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.1_29-1_44, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper focuses on C. S. Peirce's philosophy of logic and mathematics pertinent to the so-called model-theoretic tradition in formal logic. While it is common to trace the development of model-theoretic logic back to Peirce, closer textual study tends to reveal that there is a gap between the work of Peirce and what was later achieved by, among others, Löwenheim and Skolem. As Peirce's nonstandard model of the theory of reals suggests, however, Peirce does belong to the model-theoretic tradition at least in a broad sense. This paper thus makes efforts to better situate Peirce in the model-theoretic movement by considering Cantor's influence on Peirce, which most probably motivated Peirce to develop his nonstandard model of the reals. The paper also endeavors to shed light on Peirce's highly original ideas regarding the logic of mathematics seen in this particular context.

著者

石原 哉

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.1-12, 2007-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

24

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We survey Brouwer's intuitionistic mathematics and Markov's constructive recursive mathematics by examining axioms assumed in each school and mathematical theorems derived from the axioms. It is known that Bishop's constructive mathematics is a core of the varieties of mathematics in the sense that it can be extended not only to intuitionistic mathematics and constructive recursive mathematics, but also classical mathematics. We compare a new trend of constructive mathematics, called a minimalist foundation, with Bishop's constructive mathematics.

著者

山口 裕之

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.89-100, 2001-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

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These days, "biological determinism" is getting popular, corresponding to the pubulic interest in biology. Such determinism is a false opinion, which is ethically destructive. But, not only popular determinists, but "real" biologists also try to explain human characters by genes, which are segmented by the researchers' arbitrariness or social bias. On this point, there's no difference between popular determinists and real biologists. Human mind should not be understood as determined by genes, but as an "emergence" from life system which consists in the interaction between genes and proteins. From this point of view, we can make scientific researches on the human freedom.

著者

沢田 允茂

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.1-13, 1997-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

被引用文献数

1

著者

服部 裕幸

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.61-73, 1975-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

矢崎 光圀

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1965, pp.81-109, 1966-04-20 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

35