著者

Qing LI Yong FAN Xiaofang SUN Yanhong YU

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2012-109, (Released:2012-11-09)

被引用文献数

2 13

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The ectopic expression of transcription factors for reprogramming human somatic cells to a pluripotent state represents a valuable resource for the development of in vitro-based models for human disease and has great potential in regenerative therapies. However, the majority of studies have used skin fibroblasts to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that typically require the enforced expression of several transcription factors, thereby posing a mutagenesis risk by the insertion of viral transgenes. To reduce this risk, iPSCs have been generated with OCT4 and KLF4 from human neural stem cells that endogenously express the remaining reprogramming factors. However, human neural stem cells are rare and difficult to obtain. Here, we show that iPSCs can be generated from human amniotic fluid cells (hAFCs) with two transcription factors: OCT4 and KLF4. Furthermore, iPSCs can be readily derived from hAFCs in a feeder-free conditions, thereby eliminating the potential variability caused by using feeder cells. Our results indicate that hAFCs represent an accessible source of cells that can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells with two Yamanaka factors. Therefore, hAFCs may become a preferred cell type in the future for safe reprogramming without any exogenous genetic material.

著者

田中 宏暁 山内 美代子 田中 守 進藤 宗洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, 1992

出版者

三晃社

巻号頁・発行日

1962

著者

青柳 西蔵 岡村 智明 石井 裕剛 下田 宏

出版者

ヒューマンインターフェース学会

雑誌

ヒューマンインタフェース学会論文誌 (ISSN:13447262)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.207-220, 2011-08-25

著者

西山 拓

出版者

[出版者不明]

巻号頁・発行日

2009-02 (Released:2016-11-24)

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制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲2763号 ; 学位の種類:博士(学術) ; 授与年月日:2009/2/12 ; 早大学位記番号:新4982

出版者

米国聖書会社

巻号頁・発行日

1914

著者

大澤 一郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.147-156, 1996-03-15

被引用文献数

1

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人間との円滑なコミュニケーションが実行可能な知能エージェントのモデルを提案し,そのモデルの有効性を検証するために実装した知能エージェントシステム「ラスカル」を紹介する.知能エージェントのアーキテクチャとしては,即応(reactive)システムをベースにして,センサ系と動作選択系の間に「因果シミュレータ」と呼ぶ新しい系を導入している.因果シミュレータは,センサ系から得た情報と直前の状況情報に基づく因果の拡散伝搬計算を,因果ネットワークによる超並列協調計算により行なう.そして,センサ系だけからは得られない有用な動作選択用の情報を短時間で求めている.例えば,人間と自然言語でコミュニケーションする場合には,対話相手の意図および信念に関する情報などを適切に管理する.このような知能エージェントモデルに基づいて実装した知能エージェントシステム「ラスカル」は,自分の発話をセンサ系からフィードバックさせて他人の発話同様に解釈するなどして,流れる時間の中で動的に状況の変化を捉え,状況に応じた適切な動作系列を創発的に選択し実行していく.

著者

黒川 勝利

出版者

岡山大学経済学会

雑誌

岡山大学経済学会雑誌 (ISSN:03863069)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.p169-181, 1991-06

著者

堀川 智也 Horikawa Tomoya

出版者

大阪大学世界言語研究センター

雑誌

大阪大学世界言語研究センター論集 (ISSN:18835139)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.103-117, 2010-09-07

著者

東成社編集・制作

出版者

日本醤油協会

巻号頁・発行日

2012

著者

二見 賢一 有川 彰浩 葛 甬生

出版者

北海道大学衛生工学会

雑誌

衛生工学シンポジウム論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.47-52, 1999-11-01

著者

菊田 恭輔 菊池 一雄

出版者

北海道大学衛生工学会

雑誌

衛生工学シンポジウム論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.254-259, 1999-11-01

著者

古本 英晴

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.210-222, 2000-09-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1

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Although many cases have been reported on impairment of tool use and behavioral disturbance due to brain damage, the precise brain mechanisms regulating human behavior are still unknown.In this report, an outline of behavioral abnormalities caused by brain damage, including utilization behavior (UB), imitation behavior (IB), and apraxia are presented. Next, a case of UB and IB elicited only by a key person is reported, and interpretation of his symptoms is discussed. Lastly, the general structure of information processing in the human brain for tool use and behavior are discussed. I speculate that there are two distinct systems in the human brain, that is, a control system and a substantial information processing system. The former corresponds to attention and emotion. This distinction should have importance when considering tool use and behavior in human beings.A right-handed, 70 year-old man suffered bilateral anterior cerebral artery occlusion that resulted in bilateral frontal lobe infarction. He was inert, and his attention was impaired. He showed typical UB and IB which were elicited only by his chief physician and only in examination situations. Both UB and IB were lacking in his daily life and were never elicited by his family members or other medical personnel. Another report also gives evidence of cases in which a key person is required for UB and/or IB to be elicited.Generally, an object could be considered to always show its meaning as a tool, which implies that its affordace emerges from the object itself. The behavior presented by the key person also can be regarded as a releaser for the patient to imitate behavior. Thus his essential impairment can be attributed to failure to grasp the correct relation of the meaning of objects or of behaviors and situations. This should be called a type of semantic impairments.On the other hand, the patient's inertia and impaired attention is indicative of emotional disturbance. In fact, his cerebral lesions involve some parts of the limbic system. This suggests that he lost active perception which resulted in his being very easily captured by external stimuli. His unique symptoms should not be attributed to the traditional explanation in which UB and/or IB emerge from simple disinhibition of the parietal lobe function from the frontal lobe function.

著者

照井 堯造 小林 連吉 寺本 四郎 上田 清基 合葉 修一 宮内 照勝 七字 三郎 河野 竹彦 安井 之雄 芝崎 勲 富金原 孝 三浦 喜温

出版者

公益社団法人日本生物工学会

雑誌

醗酵工學雑誌 (ISSN:03675963)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.198-217, 1965-03-25

著者

Hillebrandt Wolfgang Janka Hans-Thomas Muller Ewald

出版者

日経サイエンス

雑誌

日経サイエンス (ISSN:0917009X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.32-40, 2007-01

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1572 年11月11日,デンマークの天文学者,ティコ・ブラーエは木星と同じくらい明るく輝く新しい星をカシオペア座の中に見つけた。それは近代天文学の始まりとなった。

著者

大西 博 波多野 晶紀

出版者

北海道大学衛生工学会

雑誌

衛生工学シンポジウム論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.215-218, 1999-11-01

著者

宍田 健一 煙崎 正之 奥田 正彦 春木 裕人

出版者

北海道大学衛生工学会

雑誌

衛生工学シンポジウム論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.242-247, 1999-11-01

著者

塙保己一 編

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.目録,

著者

須藤 功

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.1-15, 1984-10-20

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This study deals with the development of the Chicago Money Market from 1863 to 1894. The main goal of this study has been to determine Chicago's financial position, which has often been disregarded, and to understand the American banking structure in this period. To do so, we began by analyzing the correspondent banking system, which became general under the National Banking System (1863). The system of correspondent banking was reinforced by interbank borrowing (or loan) and by the commercial paper market resulting in the establishment of a national money market with New York as its center. New York banks acted as mediator of the internal and international flow of funds. Next we examined Chicago's position in the American money market. By the 1890's, after it became established its pre-eminence as a commercial, agricultural and manufacturing center, Chicago became the major financial fulcrum of the Midwest; second only to the New York money market. With its industrial base, the position of Chicago as a money market was different to New York. While Chicago bankers had acquired, like New York bankers, the accounts of numerous country banks, they could not help but lend these funds to the Midwestern industries because New York monopolized the security market and because business in the Midwest made increasingly larger demands for credit. In the process of the formation of big business and the development of agriculture in the Midwest and in the West, therefore, bankers in Chicago forecast the rise of their city to surpass New York as the top-ranking American financial center. These competitive relations between Chicago and New York became even keener with the intended reform to the financial structure after the panic of 1893. Directly after the panic, the Midwestern city bankers organized a plan for a new currency based upon a bank's general assets. It was called the "Baltimore Plan" (1894), and it met with strong opposition from Eastern bankers, and was never passed into law. Though the powerful New York bankers were aware of the dangers in the existing banking system, their first thought was to protect their pre-dominance, and they rejected the reform. Subsequently, and ironically, many country bankers joined "Wall Street" because they feared Chicago banks would dominate them. It is the formation and breakdown of the Baltimore Plan that we consider as epitomizing the American banking structure in the late-nineteenth century. Following the collapse of the Plan, the movement for financial refom formalize the conflict among New York, Chicago and other country bankers, and finally the Federal Reserve System, the American central banking system, is established.

著者

廣津 信義 須崎 政文 尾崎 俊治

出版者

公益社団法人日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会

雑誌

日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会秋季研究発表会アブストラクト集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, pp.189-190, 2009-09-09