著者
入江 幸男
出版者
大阪大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2013-04-01

近年、分析哲学からのドイツ観念論の再評価が注目を集めており、なかでもピッツバーグ大学のブランダムとカントとヘーゲルの再評価は、現代哲学にとって重要な意味を持っている。本研究では彼の仕事を引き継いで、さらに展開することを目指した。フィヒテの判断論の読みなおしによって、フィヒテにすでに意味の全体論が見られることを指摘した。また問答の観点から意味論を捉え直すことにより、ブランダムの意味論を拡張するなどの成果を得た。また本科研費で超越論的論証についての、国際会議を開催し、それの成果を出版(近刊)できる予定である。
著者
金杉 武司他
出版者
日本科学哲学会
雑誌
科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.1, pp.97-106, 2006-06-25 (Released:2009-05-29)
被引用文献数
1
著者
中村 正利
出版者
The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan
雑誌
科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.1, pp.31-42, 2000

This paper deals with the question: what does Carnap's conventionalism consist in? As Quine points out, logic is needed for inferring logic from conventions. In the same way, in order to show that mathematics is true by convention, or to provide a justification for mathematics by convention, the very mathematics must be presupposed, as Godel puts it. So, the conventionalist claim that logic and mathematics are true or justified by convention must fail. Is this predicament not a problem for Carnap's conventionalism? I shall argue it is not, for his conventionalism does not aim at justification of logic and mathematics. It is what Carnap later called "explication" that he tries to undertake with his conventionalism.
著者
出口 康夫
出版者
京都大學大學院文學研究科・文學部
雑誌
京都大學文學部研究紀要 (ISSN:04529774)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, pp.41-84, 2005-03-31

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。
著者
中尾 央
出版者
京都大学文学部科学哲学科学史研究室
雑誌
科学哲学科学史研究 (ISSN:18839177)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.27-48, 2013-02-28

For the last three decades, the gene-centrism have been criticized not only in philosophy of biology but also in some other scientific fields. Evolutionary developmental biology, ecological developmental biology, and medicine have emphasized "epigenetics" (i.e., researches on epigenetic interactions) to explain novelties or variations of traits, and some argue that epigenetic researches are a kind of "revolution" against the gene-centrism. A stronger criticism can be found in developmental systems theory: Some advocators argue that we cannot determine the specific causes of trait formation, and that the gene-centrism is cleary wrong. This article focuses on researches on genomic information especially in medicine and argues that we should distinguish between empirical and methodological gene-centrism, and the latter can be still defended. Actually there have been discovered many statistically relevant genes for some specific diseases especially in genome-wide association studies, and they promote further epigenetic or developmental studies, suggesting that methodological gene-centrism is useful in these cases.

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著者
井上円了 (甫水) 著
出版者
哲学館
巻号頁・発行日
1901
著者
品川 哲彦
出版者
関西大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2011

本研究はグノーシス研究、生命哲学、未来倫理、ホロコースト以後の神学など多様な面をもつヨナスの哲学的経歴を統合的に理解することを目的とした。その生命哲学に含まれる目的論的自然観、存在と善を結びつける形而上学、グノーシス思想と近代哲学に自然からの離反という共通の欠陥をみる指摘、神学的思索はいずれもそれだけをとれば価値多元社会の現代では反時代的と批判されやすい。しかしその哲学は、人間以外の自然のみならず人間自身が技術的操作の対象と化している現状への危機感の表明である。本研究は、英独で発刊された書籍に収録された二編を含む七編の論文、依頼講演二回の学会発表を通じて上記のヨナスの現代的意義を示した。
著者
酒井 真道
出版者
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室
雑誌
インド哲学仏教学研究 (ISSN:09197907)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, pp.77-93, 2013-03-31

For hundreds of years following the appearance of Dharmakīrti’s sattvānumāna i.e., the inference of momentariness from the existence of things, his successors were challenged to carefully analyze his argument. They did so by identifying its various parts and defending their formulation from a variety of opponents. Dharmottara is one such successor of Dharmakīrti. This paper focuses on Dharmottara’s contribution to the discussion of the inferential reason—existence (sattva)—and his attempts at resolving problems with it. In his Kṣaṇabhaṅgasiddhi and Pramāṇaviniścayaṭīkā, Dhamottara introduces and then argues against the view of his opponents that the inferential reason, ‘existence,’ is a pseudoreason. According to his opponents: 1) If this inferential reason were established by a source of knowledge (pramāṇa), it would be opposed (viruddha), since, according to them, existence has to be characterized by permanence (nityatva), which is opposed to the property to be proved i.e., momentariness. They argue that when a source of knowledge is used to ascertain that something is existent (sat), it also ascertains that that thing is permanent (nitya); 2) In contrast, if this inferential reason were not established by a source of knowledge, it would be unestablished (asiddha). Thus, in both cases, the inferential reason would be a pseudo-reason, since it would either be opposed or unestablished. Dharmottara responds to these objections by explaining the functioning of a source of knowledge (pramāṇavyāpāra). He argues that it is not possible for the same source of knowledge to be used to make two different judgments (adhyavasāya). This is because making a judgment can only consist in a single exclusion (ekavyāvr tti). Suppose that a source of knowledge e.g., perception is used to judge that something is existent. This source of knowledge leads to this judgment by excluding that thing from whatever is non-existent (asat)—that is, from things that do not fulfill a specific purpose (anarthakriyā) for the perceiver. The functioning of this source of knowledge is said to come to an end with this exclusion. Thus, it is impossible for this source of knowledge, which has already been used to judge, through exclusion, that something is existent, to itself generate the further judgment that this same thing is permanent. In his overall argument, Dharmottara explains the role that perception plays in ascertaining the existence of a thing, which then serves as the inferential reason from which a thing’s momentariness is inferred. In the intellectual history of the Buddhist logico-epistemological tradition, Dharmottara’s explanation appears to be influential. For example, it seems to have influenced Jñānaśrīmitra when he discusses the issue of how to establish the “inferential reason in the site of the inference (pakṣadharmatā)” for the sattvānumāna. In concluding this paper, I explore Dharmottara’s influence on this aspect of Jñānaśrīmitra’s discussion.
著者
柿並 良佑
出版者
立命館大学
雑誌
研究活動スタート支援
巻号頁・発行日
2013-08-30

「政治的なもの」に関する原理的研究を行い、成果として論文数点を発表した他、まもなくラクー=ラバルト&ナンシーのテクストの翻訳を発表予定である。また期間中に二度の渡仏調査を行ったが、その間、研究者と貴重な対談、インタビューを行うことができた。その一端は既にWebに公開されているが、残りの分についても発表予定である。