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Luxembourg has unique characteristics in terms of language policy where three languagesare officially used, viz. Luxembourgish, French and German. All of them are compulsorysubjects at schools and the last two are the languages of instruction. Luxembourgish is theonly national language of Luxembourg standing for its national identity and is a mothertongue for most Luxembourgers. As French and German are also the official languagesrespectively in France and Germany, it is important for Luxembourg to keep the balancebetween these languages in order to keep an adequate distance from its big neighbors. Thisis the reason that mastering all of the three languages is important for Luxembourgers.Although learning two languages besides one’s mother tongue is a spirit of the EU language education policy, it is by no means easy to acquire three languages. For Luxembourgers whose mother tongue is Luxembourgish, a Germanic language, it requires much effort to be proficient in French which belongs to the Romanic language family. As Luxembourgish is linguistically very close to German, this is used as a major language of instruction at the first stage of the elementary school education, which is arduous for children of the immigrants because most of them are from Romanic countries such as Portugal and Italy. We may recall here that more than 40% of the pupils at schools are with a Romance language background and they are not familiar with Germanics. This is one of the reasons for their high repetition rate at schools. In this study, after observing some historical and legal background of trilingualismin Luxembourg, I shall be examining some ideal characteristics of the trilingualismbrought about by political decisions and increasing problems of language education atschools.

2022-12-07 06:33:40
1 + 3 Twitter

http://hdl.handle.net/10112/9588

1 0 0 0 OA 行動問題を示す自閉スペクトラム症児童へのトークン・エコノミー法を用いた着替えの遂行に対する指導効果-知的障害特別支援学校での日常生活の指導場面を通して-

著者: 岩本佳世 Kayo IWAMOTO
出版者: 上越教育大学
雑誌: 上越教育大学研究紀要 = Bulletin of Joetsu University of Education (ISSN:09153162)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.40, no.1, pp.181-189, 2020-08-31

2022-12-06 20:17:03
1 + 3 Twitter

http://hdl.handle.net/10513/00008261

1 0 0 0 OA 多元的システムにおける行政法学 : 日本法の観点から

著者: 原田大樹
出版者: 北海道大学グローバルCOEプログラム「多元分散型統御を目指す新世代法政策学」事務局
雑誌: 新世代法政策学研究 (ISSN:1883342X)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.6, pp.115-140, 2010-04

2022-12-06 12:39:45
1 + 0 Twitter

http://hdl.handle.net/2115/43743

1 0 0 0 OA 社会保障法原理後退の過程と現状および課題

著者: 高藤昭
出版者: 法政大学大原社会問題研究所
雑誌: 大原社会問題研究所雑誌 = The Journal of Ohara Institute for Social Research (ISSN:09129421)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.523, pp.1-11, 2002-06-25

2022-12-06 09:37:00
1 レファ協

1 0 0 0 OA 「主体的で対話的な深い学び」を目指す AI ロボット『LOVOT』を活用した学校経営

著者: 谷口なおみ胡啓慧
出版者: 横浜国立大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 教育デザイン研究 = Journal of education design (ISSN:18847285)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.13, no.2, pp.28-34, 2022-01

2022-12-06 02:11:25
1 + 0 Twitter

1 0 0 0 OA 特許法102条3項の損害算定における侵害プレミアム

著者: 中山一郎
出版者: 北海道大学情報法政策学研究センター
雑誌: 知的財産法政策学研究 (ISSN:18802982)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.61, pp.1-36, 2021-10

2022-12-05 21:27:43
1 + 0 Twitter

http://hdl.handle.net/2115/84884

1 0 0 0 OA On a Japanese Salamander, in Lake Kuttarush, which Propagates like the Axolotl

著者: SASAKI Madoka
出版者: College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University
雑誌: Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, Japan
巻号頁・発行日: vol.15, no.1, pp.1-36, 1924-11-15

2022-12-05 19:49:02
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http://hdl.handle.net/2115/12578

1 0 0 0 OA 無鰾魚の音響散乱特性に関する研究 [論文内容及び審査の要旨]

著者: 閻乃筝
出版者: Hokkaido University
巻号頁・発行日: 2020-09-25

北海道大学. 博士(水産科学)

2022-12-05 18:10:07
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http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80007

1 0 0 0 OA <研究論文(原著論文)>日本人とロボット --テクノアニミズム論への批判

著者: 呉羽真
出版者: 応用哲学会
雑誌: Contemporary and Applied Philosophy (ISSN:18834329)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.13, pp.62-82, 2021-10-14

本稿は、京都生命倫理研究会2021年3月例会(2021年3月20日、オンライン)での発表「日本人とロボット --テクノアニミズム論への批判」に基づく。

2022-12-05 16:15:00
1 はてなブックマーク

1 0 0 0 OA 「中世温暖期(MCA)」と9世紀末の気候的不安定について

著者: 田上善夫
出版者: 富山大学人間発達科学部
雑誌: 富山大学人間発達科学部紀要 (ISSN:1881316X)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.7, no.1, pp.91-105, 2012-10-25

In this study, reconstruction of MCA (Medieval Climate Anomaly) through proxy data was tried to clarify its nature. At first, "prayers for rain" records were collected from "Rikkokushi", six national histories of the ancient Japan, and the climate variation was clarified by their appearance changes. Next, the climate variation of Japan was compared with those from MCAreconstruction studies on many areas in the world. Furthermore, MCA was examined by comparison with its simulation by global circulation model. The main results are as follows: 1) There remain many records on prayers for rain from the end of the first millennium to the beginning of the second millennium, which may show that it was time of warm and dry climate condition. 2) During MCA, there might have been a period of cool and moist condition around 900, specifically from 880 to 910. 3) A prevailing circulation like La Nina on the Pacific Ocean played an important role in MCA. 4) Around the Atlantic Ocean, the North Atlantic Oscillation was usually at its positive mode, and played an important role for the climate there.