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1 0 0 0 OA 夏目漱石「坊つちやん」-延岡は何故「うらなり」の転勤先なのか-

著者: 菅邦男
出版者: 日本社会文学会
雑誌: 社会文学
巻号頁・発行日: no.31, pp.67-78, 2010-02-25

2022-09-17 23:42:30
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http://hdl.handle.net/10458/3920

1 0 0 0 OA 中国農民社会における儒教の影響の実態 : 東北地方の実地調査に基づいて

著者: 聶莉莉 Nie Lili
出版者: 国立民族学博物館
雑誌: 国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.19, no.1, pp.61-94, 1994-08-25

This article aims to describe and analyze the influence of Confucianismon Chinese peasant society. This analysis is based on field workin Haicheng Prefecture, Liaoning Province from August 1987 toSeptember 1988.The influence of Confucianism upon peasant society came throughvarious routes, such as:1) the influence of the intelligentsia.2) education.3) widely read pamphlets.4) folk entertainment.5) the law of the lineage.By these routes, the ethics of Confucianism deeply permeated the peasantsociety, influencing ideas and the form of social relations.On the other hand, Confucianism is, after all, a theory of Confucianscholars, and could not be realized completely in actual society.There are some gaps between the theory of Confucianism and its practicein peasant society. Confucianism maintains that morals have universality,but in peasant society morals are always closely related to specific people.Xiao (filial piety) is one of the most important moral concepts inConfucianism, and includes vang (support) , zang (funeral) , ji (holdingceremonies for the ancestors) , and a strong attachment to one'sparents. But in fact, the obligation of a son to look after his parents isalways related to the inheritance of property from the parents. He (harmony)is taken very seriously in Confucianism, and as a result, peasantsalso regard he as the most ideal moral state. But in the traditional extendedfamily, quarrels between married brothers and each nuclear familyoccur repeatedly.Because of such gaps, there is a dual character in peasant society.That is, although peasants claim to follow Confucian morals, in realitythey think of their own interests. In dealing with others, they make theirrequests in the language of Confucian ideals, but to themselves theyusually stress their own interests with various pretexts.

2022-09-17 18:48:50
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1 0 0 0 OA 鴨山と石川の詩心 : 柿本人麻呂臨死自傷歌群について

著者: 坂本勝
出版者: 法政大学国文学会
雑誌: 日本文学誌要 (ISSN:02877872)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.77, pp.35-45, 2008-03

2022-09-17 18:31:04
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1 0 0 0 OA 「エヌマ・エリシュ」の宇宙論

著者: 荒川紘
出版者: 静岡大学人文学部
雑誌: 人文論集 (ISSN:02872013)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.53, no.1, pp.1-28, 2002-07-31

A Babylonian epic, Enuma elish, whose chief purpose is to recount how the god Marduk became the head of the Babylonian pantheon, also describes how Marduk created the cosmos. Spriting the salt water goddess Tiamat into two, he used one half to form the heaven and the other to fashion the earth. This text then forcuses on how he created the heavenly bodies, the mountains and the springs, and the mankind. In this paper, we argue mainly how the cosmology of Enuma elish brought forth. First, we pay attention to the mother goddess Ninhursag and the water god Enki. As city-states appeared, Enki became the leading god of the Babylonian pantheon, who had the role of organizing the various features of the civilized world. Second, we discuss the atomospher god Enlil in Sumer who also created Heaven and Eath by devidindg "the mountain of cosmos". Its "mountain" correspods to Tiamat in Enuma elish. Additionlly, one of the interesting points is that the character of Tiamat stems from the fertility of the Tigris and the Euphrates and the chloridation of the land. Thi^ the relation between the Babylonian dynasty and Enuma elish is argued. We discuss there that the centralization of the political powers produced the systematic cosomology. It is noteworthy that Marduk and his cosmology were related to the origin and the order of the Babylonian dynasty, and the ziggurat, Mesopotamian temple tower, was a symbol of the Babylonian dynasty and its cosmography. Finally, we refer to Enuma elish's influence on the Jews and the Greeks. As to Old Testament, the creation of Heaven and Earth in Gensisl is thought to originate from the cosmology of Enuma elish. This cosmology was likely to be related to Greek science, also. The water goddess Tiamat may, for example, be connected with the water that Thales chose as his primordial stuff. And, the significance of studying Enuma elish in the present day is stated.

2022-09-17 09:19:19
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1 0 0 0 OA 消去によるバーストと変動性拡大 : 大学生を対象にMIDIドラムを用いた予備的研究

著者: 島宗理
出版者: 法政大学文学部
雑誌: 法政大学文学部紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters, Hosei University (ISSN:04412486)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.84, pp.119-148, 2022-03-10

This study investigated the effects of extinction on response variabilities in transition states among university students playing MIDI drums. Each of the 4 × 4 tiles on a screen were turned by hitting a drum pad on a variable interval reinforcement schedule (VI 3s). None of the hits caused the tiles to turn when after 17-32 reinforcement (Extinction). Subsequently, changes in response frequency, inter-response time, response strength in terms of velocity, response location, and variabilities in these response dimensions were simultaneously measured and monitored for the next experimental phase. For each participant, the response dimension with the highest increase in variability due to extinction was chosen for differential reinforcement. Reinforcement criteria for each participant were determined by visual inspection of ongoing data and reversed to examine the effects of reinforcement contingencies. The results of eight participants who completed the experiment were then reported. Temporal increases in response strength and/or its variability were observed in four participants, and those in response location and/or its variability were observed in two participants. None of the participants showed clear temporal increases in response frequency, which is often described as “extinction burst.” In the differential reinforcement phase, the responses of six participants changed according to the reinforcement conditions without the participants’ awareness. Conceptual issues about the temporal effects of extinction were discussed and future research is proposed.