著者
伊藤 寛隆 田中 敏光 杉江 昇
出版者
The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 = Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence : AI (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.161-164, 2003-11-01
参考文献数
9

In order to realize advanced man-machine interfaces, it is desired to develop a system that can infer the mental state of human users and then return appropriate responses. As the first step toward the above goal, we developed a system capable of inferring human tactics in a simple game played between the system and a human. We present a machine learning system that plays a color expectation game. The system infers the tactics of the opponent, and then decides the action based on the result. We employed a modified version of classifier system like XCS in order to design the system. In addition, three methods are proposed in order to accelerate the learning rate. They are a masking method, an iterative method, and tactics templates. The results of computer experiments confirmed that the proposed methods effectively accelerate the machine learning. The masking method and the iterative method are effective to a simple strategy that considers only a part of past information. However, study speed of these methods is not enough for the tactics that refers to a lot of past information. For the case, the tactics template was able to settle the study rapidly when the tactics is identified.
著者
春山 潤 袖山 慶太郎 高田 和典 館山 佳尚
出版者
公益社団法人 日本表面科学会
雑誌
表面科学学術講演会要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, 2014

我々は全固体リチウムイオン電池の実用化に向けた大きな問題である酸化物正極/硫化物電解質の界面抵抗の原因を調べるため, 界面の第一原理計算を行い, 修飾層の有無で界面構造の変化を調べた.典型的な系としてLiCoO<sub>2</sub>/LiNbO<sub>3</sub>/Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub>を扱い, 得られた界面の原子構造とLiイオン空孔の形成エネルギーから平衡状態と初期充電時の界面のリチウムイオン分布を求め, 界面抵抗の原因を推測した.
著者
平田 昌弘 鬼木 俊次 加賀 爪優 Berhe Melaku
出版者
日本沙漠学会
雑誌
沙漠研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.75-89, 2017

<p>本稿の目的は,エチオピア北部中高地のアファール牧畜民を対象に,1)アファール牧畜民の現在の食糧摂取のあり方とその特徴を把握し,2)食料摂取の視座から牧畜の生業戦略を考察し,3)社会・経済の変化が食料摂取や牧畜の生業戦略にどのような影響を及ぼしているかについて考察することにある.食糧摂取パターンの特徴は,1)朝にラクダの生乳を摂取する傾向にあること,2)コムギ粉を用いた料理が多用され,3)コムギ,生乳,酸乳,バターオイルが重要な食材となっており,4)肉と野菜は日常では全く,もしくは,ほとんど利用しておらず,5)近年では食事内容が多様化し,6)食事は親戚や友人と共食することが常であることである.栄養摂取量の特徴は,1)エネルギー摂取量的に約70 %が外部から供給されたコムギ粉などの食料であり,2)自給した食料のほとんどは生乳・乳製品によっており,特に脂肪とタンパク質の半分ほどが生乳とバターオイルから供給され,3)コムギ粉と生乳・乳製品に大きく依存した食体系ではあるが,必要なエネルギー量,タンパク質と脂肪は充足しているとまとめることができる.アファールの農牧民や遊牧民の事例は,家畜を飼養する目的が,家畜を殺して,肉を食べることにではなく,家畜を生かし留めて乳を得て,生乳・乳製品を摂取することにあることを示している.牧畜という生業の本質がここにある.以前は,乳・乳製品への食料依存度は80%ほどであった.今日,流通が盛んになり,近郊の市場で大量の食料品が販売されるようになって,外部からの購入食料に大きく依存するように変化してしまった.流通整備と経済の自由化という社会・経済の変化が,家畜を屠殺せず,生かし留めながら,その乳を利用し,必要最小限を外部社会に依存する牧畜から,家畜は交換材としての傾向を強め,多品目の外部購入食料へと大きく依存する生業構造へと変化させてきている.</p>
著者
松田 晴英
出版者
中村学園大学
雑誌
中村学園大学・中村学園大学短期大学部研究紀要 (ISSN:13477331)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, pp.221-224, 2001-03-15

Let n be an odd integer. A graph G is said to be m-factor-critical if G-H has a [1, n]-odd factor for each H⊂V(G) with |H|=m. In terms of neighborhood unions, we give a sufficient condition for a graph to be m-factor-critical with respect to [1, n]-odd factor. Let G be a k-connected graph. Let m be an integer with 0 &le; m &le; k and |G| ≡ m (mod 2), and let α be a real number with 1/(n+1) &le; α &le; 1. If |N_G(A)| > α(|G|-(n+1)k+nm-2)+k for every independent vertex set A of order [α(n(k-m)+2)], then G is m-factor-critical with respect to [1, n]-odd factor. We also discuss the sharpness of the result. x ∈ V(G), we denote by deg_G(x) the degree of x in G, and by N_G(x) the set of vertices adjacent to x in G. For a subset X ⊆ V(G), let N_G(X) = U_<x∈X>N_G(x). The number of odd components of odd in G is denoted by o(G). Let n be an odd integer. Then a spanning subgraph F of G is called a[1, n]-odd factor if deg_F(x) ∈{1, 3 ..., n} for all x ∈V(G). For a nonnegative integer m, a graph G is said to be m-factor-critical with respect to [1, n]-odd factor if G-H has a [1, n]-odd factor for each H ⊂ V(G) with |H| = m. Note that when n=1, [1, n]-odd factor nothing but 1-factor or perfect matching. Kano and Matsuda [3] introduce [1, n]-odd factor criticality, that is, it considers conditions for a proper subset of a graph to have a [1, n]-odd factor. One of results in the paper [3] is the following :
著者
甕 紘介 中島 翔 菊池 俊紀 藤江 裕道
出版者
一般社団法人日本機械学会
雑誌
年次大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, pp.143-144, 2004

The frictional characteristics of earthworms were determined using a 3D micro force plate developed in our laboratory. It was possible to measure the frictional force and vertical force applied to the force plate. Earthworms, named "Eisenia fetida" and "Pheretima hupeiensis" in Japanese, were used to determine their frictional behaviors when they moved on waterproof sand papers fixed to the force plate. The coefficient of static friction of Eisenia fetida against the sand papers were 6.9, 5.7, and 3.9, at the roughness of 2.98, 3.73, and 16.2 μm, respectively, with a significant difference (p<0.05) observed between the roughness of 2.98 and 16.2 μm. The coefficient of friction of Pheretima hupeiensis against the sand papers indicated a smilar trend as to Eisenia fetida, with a significant difference observed between the roughness of 2.98 and 16.2 μm. Note that the coefficient was significantly higher in Pheretima hupeiensis than in Eisenia fetida at the roughness of 2.98 μm. Mucous liquid secreted from earthworms was observed on the surface of the roughness of 2.98 and 3.73 μm after the friction test. Microscopic observation indicated that earthworms had many spikes called "seta" around their bodies and that they controlled the length of the seta during the movement on an irregular surface. These results indicate that earthworms control their frictional behavior in response to various surfaces that they contact by the use of their mucous liquid and seta They also indicate that the mucous liquid plays more important role than the seta in controlling the frictional behavior of earthworms in response to relatively smooth surfaces.
著者
畑崎恵介 中村 哲人 芹沢 一
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告システムソフトウェアとオペレーティング・システム(OS) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.80, pp.33-39, 2003-08-04
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
1

急速に利用が拡大しているオープンソースソフトウェアの代表的なOSであるLinuxは、24時間365日稼動を要求する企業システムの運用サポートに必要なデバッグ機能に大きな課題を残している。本稿では、上記企業システムのデバッグ機能として、カーネルクラッシュダンプ機能とトレース機能を連携するデバッグ方法を提案する。さらに、トレース機能として、システムのサービスレベルの低下を最小限に抑え、かつリブートレスなトレース機能の拡張が可能なLKST(Linux Kernel State Tracer)について述べる。また、その有効性を確認するため、実例と定量的評価によって検証する。Linux is a popular open source operating system which has been used in many enterprise systems. However, it does not have enough debugging functionality to support 24x7 enterprise systems. In this paper, we propose a debugging method consisting of a cooperating kernel crash dump function and a kernel tracing function. In addition, as the tracing function, we describe LKST (Linux Kernel State Tracer), which achieves minimum tracing overhead and allows rebootless extension of trace functions. Also, we evaluate it through experiments.
著者
本間 善久 鈴井 孝仁
出版者
The Phytopathological Society of Japan
雑誌
日本植物病理学会報 (ISSN:00319473)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.5, pp.643-652, 1989
被引用文献数
35

<i>Pseudomonas cepacia</i> RB425およびRB3292は,抗生物質ピロールニトリンおよびシューダン(HMQ, NMQ)を生産し,ダイコン種子にコーティングすることによって,<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>による苗立枯病を抑制した。<i>Cymbidium</i> spp.の褐色斑点細菌病菌<i>P. cepacia</i> A2およびA4は,シューダンは生産しないがピロールニトリンを生産し,発病抑制効果が認められた。<i>P. cepacia</i> ATCC No.25416は,いずれの抗生物質も生産せず,抑制効果がなかった。ニトロソグアニジンで誘導したRB425の突然変異株8菌株は抗生物質生産性に変異が認められ,培地上の3種の抗生物質生産性と,<i>R. solani</i>の幼苗への着生率抑制および発病抑制能との間に高い相関関係が認められた。種子当り10<sup>7</sup>cfuのRB425の生菌または,1.0μgの純化したピロールニトリンを種子にコーティングすることによって,およそ50%の発病抑制率が得られた。シューダンを種子当り40μgコーティングした場合には,ほとんど抑制効果がなかった。RB425のリファンピシンおよびナリジキシ酸耐性菌株を用いて播種後の菌数を測定したところ,種子当り9.4×10<sup>6</sup>, 4.7×10<sup>5</sup>および9.4×10<sup>4</sup>cfuコーティングした場合,7日目に幼根1g当り4.6×10<sup>5</sup>, 1.8×10<sup>4</sup>および5.3×10<sup>3</sup>cfuであった。種子コーティングしたRB425は,播種後,幼根表皮細胞の縫合部に沿って生育し,根圏で増殖するのがSEMによって観察された。これらの結果から,<i>P. cepacia</i> RB425はダイコン幼苗根圏で増殖でき,種子コーティングによるダイコン苗立枯病の抑制効果にピロールニトリンが重要な役割を有すると考えられた。
著者
荒木 康代
出版者
社会学研究会
雑誌
ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3, pp.57-73,207, 2007

The purpose of this paper is to consider why the wives of merchant families had the authority to manage their family businesses (with the help of several apprentices) under the Japanese patriarchal "Ie" system before World War II. In this paper, I will describe the "Goryonsan" who were the wives of merchants in the Osaka Senba area. Goryonsan had great influence and considerable authority in the management of the merchant families. Looking at this type of female role, I intend to analyze what gave these women their authority. Some researchers have explained their authority in terms of "continuation and prosperity of the Ie family". They assert that the Ie family was very important to merchant families and it was therefore required that women with business skills participate in its management in order to accomplish the continuation and prosperity of the Ie family. I think this is a reasonable explanation. But in this paper, I concentrate on the human relationships in the shops and homes in Senba merchant families. In the Senba merchant stores, the merchants families lived with their employees, and the work space was family space as well. Goryonsan had the role of caring for, disciplining, and managing the boy apprentices both in the house and the store. In particular the womens role in disciplining the boy apprentices so that they would become good merchants was very important to the family business. And these relationships between Goryonsan and the employees continued for a long time. Under these circumstances, it seems to have been inevitable that women would take on a dominant role in the management of the house, as well as the store. It was this system of the merchant families that gave them authority.
著者
関 勝寿
出版者
東洋大学
雑誌
経営論集 (ISSN:02866439)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, pp.13-26, 2011-11
著者
馬場 裕典 吉良 今朝芳 枚田 邦宏
出版者
鹿児島大学
雑誌
鹿兒島大學農學部學術報告 (ISSN:04530845)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.57-66, 1996-03-31
被引用文献数
3

1994年の屋久島の登山届(2,391部)を用いて, 登山者の構成, 登山の目的, 登山道入口の利用状況および登山の安全性について集計した.その結果, 以下のことが明らかになった.1.延べ登山者数は7,263人であった.登山者の構成は, 性別では男性が全体の70.2%, 年齢別では20歳代が全体の43.5%と大きなかたよりがある.2.登山の目的は縄文杉(64.3%), 宮之浦岳の(62.8%)の2カ所が主な目的地である.また登山道入口に関しては淀川登山口が39.4%, 白谷登山口が30.0%, 荒川登山口が24.8%であり, この3登山口で全体の94.2%であった.特に荒川登山口を利用した登山者のうち縄文杉のみを目的地とした登山者は80.7%であり, 同登山口は縄文杉のみの登山者が利用する傾向がある.3.登山の安全性についてみてみると, 装備品においてはシュラフ(寝袋)を装備していない登山パーティーが宿泊登山パーティー全体の10.3%であった.またテントを装備していない登山パーティーは39.6%であった.全登山パーティーのうち30.1%が下山連絡を行っているにすぎなかった.
著者
今井 英文
出版者
日本地理教育学会
雑誌
新地理 : 日本地理教育學會會誌 (ISSN:05598362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.19-31, 2003-06-25
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

The aim of this study is to clarify distribution and flow patterns of air passengers from Okayama to Shanghai in the Chugoku and Shikoku District. The data on air passengers for this study are based on the survey in 2000by the author. The results of this study are summarized as follows:<br>(1) There were many air passengers for Shanghai in big cities located around Okayama Airport, such as Okayama and kurashiki. The passengers were also generated in Kagawa Prefecture. Therefore, Seto-Ohashi Bridge expanded the sphere of the influence of Okayama Airport. Some passengers came from areas which may compete with Hiroshima Airport, such as Fukuyama and Hiroshima.<br>(2) After getting off planes at Shanghai Airport, all passengers moved to the cities located in the eastern part of China. There wasn't any passengers moving to other countries. Many passengers moved to Shanghai. Some passengers visited Beijing or Nanjing. And, analyzing the relationship between the destinations of passengers and travel purposes, the author made it clear that there were two types of cities: one was the cities that passengers visited on business, and the other was the cities that passengers visited for sightseeing.<br>(3) Finally, analyzing the relationship between the number of the destinations of passengers and travel purposes, the author made it clear that the passengers for sightseeing had many destinations and passengers on business had one destination.
著者
今井 英文
出版者
The Geographic Education Society of Japan
雑誌
新地理 (ISSN:05598362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.19-31, 2003

The aim of this study is to clarify distribution and flow patterns of air passengers from Okayama to Shanghai in the Chugoku and Shikoku District. The data on air passengers for this study are based on the survey in 2000by the author. The results of this study are summarized as follows:<br>(1) There were many air passengers for Shanghai in big cities located around Okayama Airport, such as Okayama and kurashiki. The passengers were also generated in Kagawa Prefecture. Therefore, Seto-Ohashi Bridge expanded the sphere of the influence of Okayama Airport. Some passengers came from areas which may compete with Hiroshima Airport, such as Fukuyama and Hiroshima.<br>(2) After getting off planes at Shanghai Airport, all passengers moved to the cities located in the eastern part of China. There wasn't any passengers moving to other countries. Many passengers moved to Shanghai. Some passengers visited Beijing or Nanjing. And, analyzing the relationship between the destinations of passengers and travel purposes, the author made it clear that there were two types of cities: one was the cities that passengers visited on business, and the other was the cities that passengers visited for sightseeing.<br>(3) Finally, analyzing the relationship between the number of the destinations of passengers and travel purposes, the author made it clear that the passengers for sightseeing had many destinations and passengers on business had one destination.