著者

堀 雄紀

出版者

京都大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)

巻号頁・発行日

no.64, pp.359-371, 2018

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本稿の目的は、言葉によっては説明し尽くされ得ない「暗黙の知」をあえて言語化しようとする営みに、どのような意義を見出すことができるのか、身体技法の伝承場面における観察・分析を通じて明らかにすることである。そのために、M. ポランニーの<暗黙知>に着目し、「私たちの『知』を支える、暗黙裡に進行する過程」という定義に立ち戻った上で、G. ベイトソンのコミュニケーション理論を導入することで、「<暗黙知>によって構築される自己修正的システムの階層構造」という新たな理論枠組みを提示した。それに基づいて見出された「語り」の意義は、いずれも<暗黙知>の制御による学習者支援であった。ひとつは、言語の表示作用によって<暗黙知>が取りこぼした差異(情報)に注意を向け、既存のシステムの再構築を促すことである。もうひとつは、比喩的言語表現によって<暗黙知>を起動し、より高次の包括的統合を実現することである。This paper examines the significance of narrative about tacit knowledge, via analysis about the transmission of Body Techniques. The paper explains the basic idea of "tacit knowing" proposed by M. Polanyi, and confirms its primal definition; tacit processes underlying our knowledge or knowing. The theory of communication proposed by G. Bateson is added, and the hierarchy of communication systems is discussed. The paper clarifies two main points. First, the denotative function of language calls attention to the difference (information) missed by "tacit knowing, " and causes reconstruction of existing systems. Second, metaphors activate "tacit knowing, " and give rise to comprehensive integration at a higher level.

著者

今里 滋 Shigeru Imasato

出版者

同志社大学政策学会

雑誌

同志社政策科学研究 = Doshisha University policy & management review (ISSN:18808336)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.15-29, 2020-03-01

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2006年度から発足した同志社大学大学院総合政策科学研究科ソーシャル・イノベーション・コースにおいて複数の大学院生が獣害対策を研究課題としてきた。本論は、その課題の背景となったわが国の獣害対策、そしてその手段としての狩猟について、歴史的経緯、制度の変遷、政策およびガバナンス面での現代的課題を、自ら狩猟・有害獣駆除を行ってきた筆者の経験を踏まえて、考察したものである。

著者

持田 行雄

出版者

秋田大学教育文化学部

雑誌

秋田大学教育文化学部研究紀要 人文科学・社会科学 (ISSN:1348527X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.13-26, 2001-03

著者

Won-gyu Yoo

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.1-2, 2013 (Released:2013-02-25)

参考文献数

10

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to show the effects of wearing a tight skirt on the VMO, VL, and TFL muscles during walking. [Subjects] Twelve female subjects were recruited. [Methods] The muscle activities of the VMO, VL, and TFL muscles were measured using a surface EMG system during walking while wearing a typical skirt and tight skirt. [Results] The VL and TFL muscle activities significantly increased, and VMO muscle activity significantly decreased when wearing a tight skirt. [Conclusion] We thought that a tight skirt might limit the normal gait. The abnormal gait movements resulting from wearing a tight skirt could cause imbalance of the VMO and VL.

著者

国元東九郎, 小島ミサヲ 訳

出版者

世界文庫刊行会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.下級編(1・2学年) 上, 1926

著者

國吉 康夫

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.20-25, 2005 (Released:2007-02-23)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

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ロボット模倣機能は,究極の作業教示法として,また,人間の認知の理解への構成論的アプローチとして重要性を増している.しかし,従来の構成法は,個別のタスク,状況に限定され,本当に模倣が必要となる新奇なタスクや状況に適用できない.模倣の創発・発達的構成論に向けて,認知心理学等の知見をもとに機能構成図を提案し,その諸要素とロボット研究との対応付けを解説する.また,それらの土台をなす身体性に基づく行動創発と模倣の発生についても研究動向を紹介する.

著者

長澤 和也 石山 尚樹

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌 (ISSN:13422367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.11-19, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

53

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The lernaeopodid copepod Salmincola markewitschi Shedko and Shedko, 2002 was collected in July 2019 from the buccal cavity of whitespotted char, Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814) (Salmonidae), reared at the Ishikawa Prefecture Fisheries Research Center (36°15′11″N, 136°25′17″E) in Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, central Japan. This represents the first record of Salmincola markewitschi from Ishikawa Prefecture. All of the four whitespotted char examined (263–324 mm standard length) were infected each by 2–5 adult females of Salmincola markewitschi. The adult female of copepod is described. The species is considered to have been introduced along with infected whitespotted char transported alive from a commercial trout farm in the same prefecture into the research center in January 2019. However, no infection was found after September 2019, which was caused by manual removal of copepods in July 2019 and their possible mortality due to unusually high water temperatures (up to 23℃) in August 2019. Since Salmincola markewitschi is morphologically similar to copepods previously reported as “Salmincola carpionis (Krøyer, 1837)” from salmonids (mainly chars Salvelinus spp.) from various localities of Japan, it is desirable to reidentify those copepods.

著者

Chukwuemeka Onwuka MARTINS Oluwatobi Emmanuel OLANIYI Mohamed ZAKARIA

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.39-55, 2021 (Released:2021-02-09)

参考文献数

107

被引用文献数

3

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In Malaysia, multiple land use by humans has caused substantial losses of wetland ecosystems, and shrinkage of the populations, habitat and food bases of avian species. However, studies of avian populations, especially of waterbirds, is important, allowing us to understand the complexity of the wetland ecosystem structure, and also develop appropriate management techniques with robust monitoring tools to ensure the ecological sustainability of wetlands. This study aimed to determine the eco-climatic factors influencing the occurrence of waterbirds and to develop habitat suitability models for thePaya Indah (PIW) and Putrajaya wetlands (PW), Malaysia. A distance sampling point count technique using stratified random design was employed to survey the wetlands from November 2016 to January 2019. A total of 57 sampling points at 14 lakes at PIW and 54 sampling points at 24 lakes at PW were chosen. An automatic linear modelling algorithm and geographic information systems were employed to compute the importance ratios of 17 eco-climatic factors (hydrology 9; climate 5; waterscape 1 and landscape 2). The results revealed that all individual and estimated indices for observed waterbirds were significant. The automatic linear modelling algorithm results for PIW waterbirds also showed that the maximum and minimum weights of the factors were land cover and water dissolved oxygen, while in PW they were atmospheric pressure and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The maximum and minimum weights of the factors for waterbirds in PIW were water turbidity and electrical conductivity, while at PW they were atmospheric pressure and six water parameters. Large areas of Putrajaya Wetland were classified as more suitable for waterbirds than Paya Indah Wetland due to the favourable water pH, atmospheric pressure and land cover (forage availability). Thus, the models' adoption as a management tool can help in the maintenance of the wetlands' habitat quality and management effectiveness of waterbird species.

出版者

テ-ミス

雑誌

月刊テ-ミス

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.8, pp.86-87, 2011-08

著者

吉川 信幸 井上 忠男 Converse Richard H.

出版者

日本植物病理學會

雑誌

日本植物病理学会報 (ISSN:00319473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.437-444, 1986

被引用文献数

12

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イチゴから分離されたラブドウイルス様粒子の3分離株(RとH, S)について,検定植物(<i>Fragaria vesca</i> UC-4, UC-5, UC-6と<i>F. virginiana</i> UC-10, UC-11, UC12)での病徴を調べたところ, R分離株は典型的なイチゴクリンクルウイルス(SCrV), HとS分離株はstrawberry latent C virus (SLCV)と考えられた。これら3分離株の感染葉とオレゴン州立大学保存のSLCV (SLCV-O分離株)感染葉の超薄切片を電顕により比較観察すると,いずれの分離株からもほぼ同じ大きさのラブドウイルス様粒子とviroplasmが検出されたが, R分離株ではウイルス様粒子とviroplasmが主に細胞質で観察されたのに対し, HとS, SLCV-O分離株では成熟粒子は主に核膜間隙に集積し,未成熟粒子とviroplasmは核内に存在していた。以上のことから,イチゴには2種類のラブドウイルス,すなわち細胞質関連型のSCrVと核関連型のSLCVが存在することが明らかになった。

著者

Chung-Hwi Yi Denis Brunt Hyeong-Dong Kim Paul Fiolkowski

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.81-85, 2003 (Released:2004-01-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 4

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ankle taping and the combined effect of ankle taping and exercise on ankle stabilization under four different conditions (pre-taped, taped, walking on the treadmill, removal of tape) in drop landing from a 40 cm height. The subjects consisted of 14 healthy adult (four male, ten female) volunteers with ages ranging from 22-28 years. Preamplified EMG electrodes were attached to the soleus, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris. EMG and force plate data were collected at 500 Hz. While standing on one leg, subjects hopped from a 40 cm height onto a force plate. The ankle of the right leg was then taped followed by a repeat of the hopping task, walking on a treadmill, and a second repetition of the hopping task. The hopping task was again repeated following the removal of the tape. Significant increases occurred in vertical ground reaction forces for the taped conditions compared with those in pretaped and untaped conditions. In the taped conditions, the soleus displayed a significant decrease in mean iEMG from impact to peak vertical ground reaction force (p<0.05). Results suggest that taping can provide enough mechanical support to limit ankle motion even after 30 minutes of walking on the treadmill. Additionally, diminished soleus iEMG activity may be related to an increase in the ground reaction forces upon landing from a jump.

著者

神谷 孝明 川島 英之 建部 修見

雑誌

研究報告システム・アーキテクチャ(ARC) (ISSN:21888574)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015-ARC-215, no.18, pp.1-10, 2015-05-19

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本研究では ioDrive をストレージデバイスとする時にふさわしい WAL プロトコルとして P-WAL を提案する.まず,ioDrive においては並列ランダムライト時の I/O アクセス性能がシーケンシャルライトよりも高速になることを示す.そのような状況において,I/O アクセスと排他制御処理による性能劣化の問題に対処するために,P-WAL はそれぞれのログライタが専用の領域にログを書き込む,並列ログ書き込み方式を採用する.P-WAL の評価を行うため,数種類のモジュールからなるプロトタイプのトランザクションマネージャを設計する.これを用いて,スレッド数やグループコミットのパラメータを変化させ,従来方式の WAL と P-WAL の性能比較を行う.スレッド数を 16,グループコミットのパラメータを 16 にした時,P-WAL は 172,018 tps の性能を発揮し,従来方式と比べて,3.23 倍の性能向上を達成することを示す.

著者

小柳 満雄

出版者

防衛技術協会

雑誌

防衛技術ジャ-ナル (ISSN:09198555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.26-34, 2011-01

著者

内山 仁志 Hitoshi UCHIYAMA

雑誌

人間と文化 (ISSN:24326399)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.233-239, 2017-02-28

著者

加藤 有子

出版者

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

雑誌

スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.1-25, 2010

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This paper attempts to demonstrate Bruno Schulz (1892-1942)'s, a Polish writer and artist, specific view of a book as the topos integrating image and text, by discussing Schulz's illustrations in Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass (1937) and the cliché-verre series titled The Idolatrous Book (1920-22, 1924). The discussions of Schulz's works have generally centered on his prose and developed separately in the fields of art and literary criticism. By focusing on the forgotten fact that he felt great interest in illustrating books, this paper reconsiders Schulz's two books in the triangular relationship between image, text, and book. The first chapter examines Schulz's 33 illustrations in his Sanatorium as elements of the book pages. Most of Schulz's illustrations are realistic visualizations of the characters' described actions and settings, with the exception of three illustrations in the stories "Edzio" and "Father's Last Escape." These three illustrations that have no literal relationships to the text depict the plots or action symbolically or structurally. Examples of the latter are the two illustrations in "Edzio." As a pair, they visually represent a metaphysical view on the "story/history [historia]" described in the text. These two integrate with the text more deeply than the others. The next chapter reconsiders The Idolatrous Book as a book consisting of only images. Particular attention is paid to the technique of cliché-verre, which is a combination of photography and engraving. If we consider that the ancient books were "engraved" on wax, clay, or stone plates, Schulz's act of creating the cliché-verre images is, in effect, an act of simultaneous writing and drawing. Schulz's two books -- Sanatorium and The Idolatrous Book -- are therefore not mere verbal or visual arts; they transcend the traditional dichotomy of words versus images. This chapter also points out reproducibility as another distinctive aspect of the cliché-verre. Schulz, as if defying this characteristic, made every set of The Idolatrous Book different. He gave each set different title pages with different images and set numbers. Moreover, each set is unbound, which makes it possible to change the order of pictures or even change the very pictures included. By accumulating only variations, Schulz erases the difference between the concepts of "original" and "copy." Each set stands alone as a unique work of art. The third chapter demonstrates that "book," as an integration of image and text, is presented in Schulz's short stories as "The Book," which is in fact fragments of illustrated journals and a stamp album. Furthermore, the narrator and his Father Jakub always drew images on paper with words -- on books or journals -- supporting the view that Schulz deemed words and images equal elements of works of art. This chapter also notes that Schulz's books -- Sanatorium, illustrated by him, and The Idolatrous Book, "The Book" in his short stories -- exhibit the characteristics of the literary concept of "liberature" proposed by Fajfer (1999) for books integrating text and all the physical elements of the book as an organically complete literary work. Overall, the discussion explains why "book" is a recurring subject of Schulz's works. A book is a space where Schulz can realize his artistic visions as an author-cum-artist, blurring the boundary between the verbal and the visual in his works.

著者

岡村 兵衛

出版者

神戸大学大学院国際文化学研究科

雑誌

国際文化学=Intercultural Studies Review (ISSN:21872082)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.23-47, 2013-03-25

著者

上林 陽治

出版者

公益財団法人 地方自治総合研究所

雑誌

自治総研 (ISSN:09102744)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.498, pp.25-52, 2020

著者

実業之日本社

出版者

実業之日本社

巻号頁・発行日

1994

著者

藤永 智也 狭間 研至 岸 雄一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本在宅薬学会

雑誌

在宅薬学 (ISSN:2188658X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.5003, (Released:2021-02-10)

参考文献数

13

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要旨:国が推進している地域包括ケアシステムを実現するには,病院と地域の医療機関の連携が欠かせない.なぜなら、入院時や退院時に薬物療法の情報が「ない」「誤っている」「古い」場合は,患者に有害事象が起こる可能性がある.そのため,「安心安全な薬物療法」を患者に提供するには,病院-薬局間のシームレスな薬薬連携が必要である.思温病院で実践している薬薬連携の手段には,「退院時共同指導」「薬局薬剤師向けの薬剤管理サマリー」の2つがある.退院時共同指導と薬剤管理サマリーを実施した中で,「中心静脈栄養管理」「経腸栄養管理」「褥瘡管理」「血糖管理」「服薬管理」の5つは,医療資源が充実している病院と医療資源が限られている施設や自宅との違いがあるため,情報共有が重要となる.特に,「アドヒアランスが遵守できる服薬管理」などの対物業務と,「医薬品の適正使用」などの対人業務の2つの情報は,患者のQOLの維持・向上に欠かせないため,患者の入退院後も薬剤師が薬を渡した後にフォローし続けることが重要である.

著者

植田 一博

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.220-233, 2016-06-01 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

27

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This paper describes the outline of research project “Cognitive Interaction Design,”which is conducted as Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, and ex-plains what we emphasize in analyzing and modeling interaction processes. Especially we discusses the necessity of analyzing and modeling considering temporal elements in interaction such as contingency and mutual adaptation. And we introduce some exam-ples of research that conduct such analysis and modeling as well as discuss our future prospects.