著者

Nori NAKAMURA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.SupplementB, pp.B67-B73, 2006 (Released:2006-10-04)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

37

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Genetic studies in the offspring of atomic bomb survivors have been conducted since 1948 at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Past studies include analysis of birth defects (untoward pregnancy outcome; namely, malformation, stillbirth, and perinatal death), chromosome aberrations, alterations of plasma and erythrocyte proteins as well as epidemiologic study on mortality (any cause) and cancer incidence (the latter study is still ongoing). There is, thus far, no indication of genetic effects in the offspring of survivors. Recently, the development of molecular biological techniques and human genome sequence databases made it possible to analyze DNA from parents and their offspring (trio-analysis). In addition, a clinical program is underway to establish the frequency of adult-onset multi-factorial diseases (diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease etc) in the offspring. The complementary kinds of data that will emerge from this three-pronged approach (clinical, epidemiologic, and molecular aspects) promise to shed light on health effects in the offspring of radiation-exposed people.

著者

橋本 徳蔵

出版者

日本水産増殖学会

雑誌

水産増殖 (ISSN:03714217)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.61-66, 1961-08-25 (Released:2010-03-10)

参考文献数

11

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利根川下流で, 越冬前のソウギョ (全長4.5-7.6cm, 体重1.1-4.9g), レンギョ (全長4.9-6.3cm, 体重1.0-2.2g) の天然餌料を調査した結果, ソウギョの消化管内はSpirogyraと若干の水生植物の繊維によってほとんど満たされていることがわかった。レンギョの消化管内からは, ランソウ類, ケイソウ類, 緑藻類, ベンソウ類等の植物性プランクトンが見出されたが, ケイソウ類が特に多く, Navicula, Nitzschia, Achnanthes, Bacillariaが多く見出された。 他の水域でもケイソウ類が優占することがわかった。

著者

堀内 茂木 吉澤 信 森田 晋也

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.1, pp.1-4, 2012-01-05 (Released:2012-05-17)

被引用文献数

2

出版者

一般社団法人 溶接学会

雑誌

溶接学会誌 (ISSN:00214787)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.5, pp.438-500, 1965-05-25 (Released:2011-08-05)

著者

船越 公威 大沢 夕志 大沢 啓子

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.179-184, 2012 (Released:2013-02-06)

参考文献数

16

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これまで沖永良部島においてはオオコウモリの分布記載がなく,また生息についても断片的な情報しか得られておらず,生息の有無を確定することができなかった.しかし,住民への聞き取りおよび記録写真等で2003年3月にオリイオオコウモリPteropus dasymallus inopinatusの生息が判明した.また,2011年6月に本種の成獣雄個体が捕獲された.同年10月と12月,2012年1月に本種が目撃された.加えて,2012年2月における精査で,少なくとも4頭の生息を確認し,この時期の食物としてギョボクCrataeva religiosa,オオバイヌビワFicus septica,モモタマナTerminalia catappaおよびアコウFicus superbaの果実が利用されていた.以上の観察結果等から,オリイオオコウモリは沖永良部島において個体数は極めて少ないものの,1年を通じて他の島への季節的な移動もなく定住しうると考えられた.

著者

國崎 敏廣 船越 公威

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.187-191, 1996 (Released:2008-07-30)

被引用文献数

1

著者

船越 公威 大沢 夕志 大沢 啓子

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.29-34, 2006 (Released:2007-06-26)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

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オリイオオコウモリPteropus dasymallus inopinatusについて, 沖縄島周辺島嶼での1994~2005年にわたる直接観察, 食痕・ペリットの有無および聞き取り調査によって, 古宇利島, 伊江島, 水納島, 伊計島, 宮城島, 平安座島, 浜比嘉島, 津堅島および久高島に生息することを確認した. 与論島のオオコウモリに関して, 入手された標本・資料の検討結果からオリイオオコウモリと同定し, 与論島が本亜種の新分布地として追加された. さらに同島では詳細な生態的調査も行い, 2004年9月と2005年2月に少なくとも5頭の生息を確認した. 特に夏~秋季には親子も見られた. 食物としては, 春季にはアコウFicus superbaやモモタマナTerminalia catappaの果実, 夏~秋季にはシマグワMorus australisやフクギGarcinia subellipticaの果実, 冬季にはガジュマルF. microcarpaやアコウの果実が利用されていた. 以上の観察結果からオリイオオコウモリは, 個体数が少ないながらも, 一年を通して与論島に定住し繁殖しているものと考えられる.

著者

坪内 孝司 金山 裕 油田 信一

出版者

日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.220-230, 1986-06-15 (Released:2010-08-25)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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建物内部のような人工的環境では, ロボットの視覚の対象となるシーンはほとんど直線からなると考えられる.本論文では, ロボットの視覚のための, 濃淡画像から線分を抽出する新しいアルゴリズムを提案する.このアルゴリズムでは, 原画像における対象物の直線状の境界線上でその濃度勾配がほぼ等しいことに着目し, まず, 原画像中の画素のうち, 以下の性質をもつ画素を連結し, 小領域を生成する.(1) その画素の濃度勾配の大きさが与えられたしきい値より大きい.(2) その画素の濃度勾配の方向が与えられた範囲内におさまる.(3) 画素同志が互いに隣接しあう.この小領域は原画像上の対象物の境界線上に細長く生成される.このような小領域に最小二乗法を適用して線分をあてはめることにより線分を抽出することができる.本手法の特徴は以下のとおりである.(1) 原画像に対するただ1回の走査ですべての小領域を生成することができるため, 短時間で画像処理をするのに適当である.(2) 得られた小領域に対して線分をあてはめる際に統計的な計算を用いるため局所的な雑音に強い.(3) 生成された小領域の慣性等価だ円のだ円率によって, その小領域の細長さ, すなわち線分らしさが評価できる.本論文では, 提案した手法により画像を処理した実験例も示し, 本手法が有効であることを実証する.

著者

佐々木 剛 猿渡 敏郎 渡邊 精一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.5, pp.924-926, 2006 (Released:2006-09-22)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

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遡河回遊型ワカサギの回遊履歴を解明するため,耳石核から縁辺部まで Sr, Ca の X 線強度の線分析を行い,Sr:Ca 比を求めた。耳石の形成時期と Sr:Ca 比の変化から,淡水域と海水域を交互に回遊することが示唆された。すなわち,ふ化直後から 5~7 月まで淡水域から海水域へ移動する「海水移動期」,5~8 月まで淡水域に移動する「淡水移動期」,7~9 月から産卵遡上時まで「海水移動期」となる。2 年魚は,海水域から淡水域へ移動する「淡水移動期」,その後海水域へ移動する「海水移動期」となる。

著者

浜田 啓吉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.79-82, 1953-06-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

7

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The pond smelt, Hypormesus olidus (PALLAS), migrates inherently into the sea and ascends for spawning to streams, but the land-locked form also occurs commonly in lakes and pond in Japan. The studies on the land locked-form of Main Land of Japan have been carried out by F. MATSUZAKI, ('36) and T. FUJITA, & S. KOKUBO, ('26), I AMEMITA & Y. HIYAMA, ('31), H. KOBAYASHI ('36) and K. MATSUBARA, ('46). However, nothing has been studied on the fish which ascends in fresh water from the sea. Of the fishes of the River Ishikari, the school of the present waterway which ascends from the sea differs from the fish of the old waterway in the morphological characters such as the body length, the scale structure and the number of vertebrae. Consequently, each school of both waterways is independent ecologically with each other, The fish of the present waterway migrates into the sea, while the school of the old waterway stays through the life in fresh water, in spite of the presence of passage to the sea.

著者

浜田 啓吉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.75-78, 1953-06-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

8

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The scale of pond smelt, Hypomesus olidus (PALLAS), shows no definite annual-ring in such a manner as the scale of salmon or herring. Two different zones, one of which grows in summer and the other in winter, are recognized on the scale of the fish in Lake Kasumigaura by F. MATSUZAKI (1916), while, according to H. KOBAYASHI (1936), the fish of Lake Shironuma shows the spawning mark which may probably be formed by the spawning. The present study aims to find the local difference of scale structures of pond smelts. The fishes of three localities of Hokkaido, the anadromous type of the river Ishikari, the land-locked-form Lake Junsai and the fishes of Lake Abashiri connecting with the sea, were taken up as the materials under three different ecological conditions. The marks on the scales of pond smelt from Lake Abashiri (Fig. 3) ought to be thought as the spawning mark, but those of the fishes of Lake Junsai (Fig. 5) are the interstitial mark bet-ween the winter and summer zones, and the material from the River Ishikari (Fig. 1) lacks these marks. There, the scales of pond smelts differ with their localities and appear the different cha-racteristic structure.

著者

山本 孝治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.150-152, 1948-03-10 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

6

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The relation of the number of ripe ovarian eggs of the pond smelt (N) to the total length of body (L) and to the body weight (W) may be expressed by the formula N=aLb and N=a'Wb' respectively, where a, b, a', b' are constants specific to the kind of fish. The value of these constants calculated in the present species are a= 58.83×10-5, b=3.52 and a'=1.000, b'= 0.967.

著者

神林 優太 萩原 啓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会

雑誌

生体医工学 (ISSN:1347443X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.99-104, 2012-02-10 (Released:2012-07-13)

参考文献数

24

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Accurate assessment of the sleep cycle at home will improve self-awareness regarding the necessity of sleep for relieving fatigue. Previous studies have shown that a large number of body movements occur during light sleep compared to deep sleep. In the present study, sleep was assessed by monitoring body movements using an infrared motion sensor and Polysomnography (PSG) for a 420-min period from 00:00 to 07:00. The findings of sleep cycle based on body movements were compared with PSG findings. One cycle of sleep cycle was defined as a set of “REM, sleep level 1, 2, 3 or 4” period and subsequent “SWS, sleep level 5 or 6” period. We defined Body Movement Density (BMD) as an index of sleep cycle. BMD was a value representing the number of body movement occurrences during a 30-minutes period. The cross-correlation coefficient between BMD and sleep levels was significant in all subjects (13 males, 3 females;age, 20-23 years). In this study, a concordance rate of 76.9% (SD±24.0) between BMD cycle and sleep cycle was obtained. This study indicates the possibility of estimation for sleep cycle by using BMD without using PSG. One of the greatest advantages of BMD is that it comprises only body movement data, so measurements of breath, heart rate or brain waves are not required. Moreover, measuring BDM is both inexpensive and noninvasive.

著者

Tomoki NAKAMURA

出版者

Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences

雑誌

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (ISSN:13456296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.6, pp.260-272, 2005 (Released:2005-12-21)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

117 154

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The presence of abundant phyllosilicates in many carbonaceous chondrites indicates a prevailing activity of low-temperature aqueous alteration in primitive asteroids. However, among the hydrous carbonaceous chondrites known, more than 20 samples show evidence of having been heated at elevated temperatures with corresponding phyllosilicate dehydration. The mineralogical features of dehydration suggest that the heating occurred in situ in meteorites, which demonstrates that there are some hydrated asteroids that have been heated at a certain period after aqueous alteration. Recent studies have uncovered details of heating and dehydration processes in hydrous carbonaceous chondrites: step-by-step changes in mineralogy, trace element chemistry, carbonaceous materials, and reflectance spectra have been clarified. Based on data from synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of the matrix, heated hydrous carbonaceous chondrites have been classified as Stages I-IV, with the temperature of heating increasing from I to IV. In spite of recent progress, heat sources are poorly defined, mainly due to a lack of chronological information on the timing of the heating, and therefore more data are needed to fully clarify the thermal metamorphism of hydrous carbonaceous chondrites.

著者

Rampal Rajera Kalpana Nagpal Shailendra Kumar Singh Dina Nath Mishra

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.7, pp.945-953, 2011-07-01 (Released:2011-07-01)

参考文献数

85

被引用文献数

38 212

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During the past decade formulation of vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery, has created a lot of interest amongst the scientist working in the area of drug delivery systems. Vesicular system such as liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes and ethosomes provide an alternative to improve the drug delivery. Niosomes play an important role owing to their nonionic properties, in such drug delivery system. Design and development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) has two prerequisites. First, it should deliver the drug in accordance with a predetermined rate and second it should release therapeutically effective amount of drug at the site of action. Conventional dosage forms are unable to meet these requisites. Niosomes are essentially non-ionic surfactant based multilamellar or unilamellar vesicles in which an aqueous solution of solute is entirely enclosed by a membrane resulting from the organization of surfactant macromolecules as bilayer. Niosomes are formed on hydration of non-ionic surfactant film which eventually hydrates imbibing or encapsulating the hydrating aqueous solution. The main aim of development of niosomes is to control the release of drug in a sustained way, modification of distribution profile of drug and for targeting the drug to the specific body site. This paper deals with composition, characterization/evaluation, merits, demerits and applications of niosomes.

著者

秦 藤樹

出版者

日本細菌学会

雑誌

日本細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:00214930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.10, pp.958-960, 1960-10-25 (Released:2011-06-17)

著者

若林 芳樹 伊藤 悟

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.3, pp.221-232, 1994-06-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 6

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Geographical approach to cognitive maps has mainly focused on measurement of their spatial patterns. Recently Lloyd (1989) devised a useful method for analyzing the components of distortions in cognitive maps by means of Euclidean regression. Until now, however, this method has not yet been validated. The purpose of this study was to reexamine his concepts about the distortions in cognitive maps and to test their validity.We pointed out several discrepancies between the concepts of distortions and their operational definitions given by Lloyd (1989). To overcome this problem, the absolute distortion that appears in the configuration before Euclidean regression ought to be distinguished from the systematic distortion that is measured by the parameters of Euclidean regression. While the systematic distortion that indicates a Euclidean property of the distortion can be explained by alignment and rotation heuristics (Tversky, 1981) and implicit scaling model (Holyoak and Mah, 1982), the relative distortion that remains after Euclidean regression cannot be explained by general theories. In addition, these geometrical components of distortion ought to be distinguished from statistical ones, namely, distortion (central tendency) and fuzziness (dispersion) defined by Gale (1982).On the basis of this conceptualization, we carried out an empirical analysis of the distortion in the cognitive map of Kanazawa City. The data used in this study were obtained by a conditional sketch mapping drawn from 113 students of Kanazawa University. Locations to be answered were 21 transportation nodes within the central part of the city known by more than 90 percent of the students. From these locations, two major landmarks of CBD were selected as reference points. Subjects were asked to indicate the remaining 19 locations on the legal-size sheet in which the two reference points were printed.We detected the absolute distortions, overlaying the cognitive maps for all samples on the actual map so as to fit the locations of two reference points into the actual ones. The patterns of the absolute distortion indicated that the amount of errors increased with distance from the reference points, and that the locations in cognitive maps commonly shifted outward from the actual ones. Specifically, these displaced locations in southern or eastern part of the city indicated a counterclockwise shift, which suggested a directional bias in cognitive maps.In order to separate the systematic distortion from the relative one, each of the cognitive configurations was fitted into the actual map by Euclidean regression. Parameter estimates of the scale change averaged 0.593, which suggested that cognitive maps were enlarged about twice the size of the actual map. Mean direction of the rotated angle amounted to-22.2 degrees, which implied that cognitive maps were rotated counterclockwise about 20 degrees from the actual map so as to coordinate the cardinal directions of the cognitive map with the actual one. This tendency can be due to the displacement of two river channels as major reference lines in Kanazawa from cardinal directions.After eliminating the systematic distortions by Euclidean regression, the actual map was overlaid with all the cognitive maps. The overlaid maps indicated that the local patterns of relative distortions reflected hierarchical structure of cognitive maps (Stevens and Coupe, 1978) although the amount of them was smaller than that of the systematic distortions.

著者

Katsuyuki Miura Masato Nagai Takayoshi Ohkubo

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-13-0847, (Released:2013-07-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

33 139

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Analyses of data from national surveys of the Japanese population have shown a clear decreasing tendency in mean systolic blood pressure (BP) level over the past 50 years in all age groups of men and women; however, mean diastolic BP level clearly did not decrease in men. Hypertension prevalence is high among older people and may increase in the future, especially in men aged ≥50 years. The treatment and control rates of hypertension are not sufficiently high, although they have been continuously improving. Recent epidemiological studies also showed that the burden of cardiovascular diseases and total mortality because of the adverse BP level of the nation is still the highest among other preventable risk factors. To overcome this epidemic, the first priority should be primary prevention of a lifetime increase in BP through lifestyle improvement. Lowering the distribution of BP in the whole population and maintaining BP at optimal levels contributes to the achievement of this goal.