著者

Sancia E. T. van der Meij Magnus L. Johnson Sammy De Grave

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.89-99, 2018-10-24 (Released:2018-10-24)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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Tropical shallow-water crinoids offer shelter to a diversity of marine life, including various symbiotic palaemonid shrimp species. In this study, the reproductive features of the shrimps Cristimenes commensalis and Pontoniopsis comanthi inhabiting comatulid crinoids are studied and compared. Ovigerous females were collected from the crinoids Anneissia bennetti and Comaster nobilis from Iriomote-jima, Japan. All specimens were examined for the following traits: carapace length, fecundity, embryo volume, brood mass volume and dry weight of the females and the eggs. Cristimenes commensalis produced 15–117 eggs with a volume of 0.04 mm3±0.00, whereas the smaller-sized species P. comanthi produced 12–57 eggs with a volume of 0.02 mm3±0.01. The reproductive output (RO) of C. commensalis was 0.16±0.03, considerably lower than that of P. comanthi at 0.31±0.05. Data is beginning to emerge on the fecundity and reproductive output of symbiotic palaemonid shrimps, although comparisons remain hampered by the general lack of knowledge on their biology in general. Pontoniopsis comanthi has the highest recorded reproductive output so far, despite being the smallest species studied. Our results confirm that inhabiting a sheltered habitat allows symbiotic shrimps to allocate more energy to embryo production than free-living species. Different reproductive strategies are, however, apparent for these species inhabiting the same host species, implying the existence of differential selective forces.

著者

Moyer Jack T. Zaiser Martha J.

出版者

The Ichthyological Society of Japan

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:18847374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.466-468, 1982

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1980年8月15日16時30分, 三宅島の水深12mの地点で全長約90cmの2尾のウツボ<I>Gymnotborax kidaka</I>が産卵しているのを観察した.両者は尾部をゆるくからませていたが, 突然腹部を押しつけ合ってから離れた.その瞬間精子による水の白濁が観察された.卵は直径約2mmの丸い浮性卵で, 親魚による卵の保護は観察されなかった.1980年7月29目19時30分には, 岸近くの水深2.5mの地点で, 全長約25cmの<I>Uropterygtus necturus</I>4尾が群がって行動しているのを観察した.これは産卵直前の行動と思われた.

著者

Kasahara S. Watashige T. Hanaguri T. Kohsaka Y. Yamashita T. Shimoyama Y. Mizukami Y. Endo R. Ikeda H. Aoyama K. Terashima T. Uji S. Wolf T. von Lohneysen H. Shibauchi T. Matsuda Y.

出版者

National Academy of Sciences

雑誌

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (ISSN:00278424)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.46, pp.16309-16313, 2014-11

被引用文献数

315

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「ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮に最も近い超伝導状態」を発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-11-05.

著者

Takeshi Yamashita Yukihiro Koretsune Yuejin Yang Shih-Ann Chen Namsik Chung Yuichi J. Shimada Tetsuya Kimura Koichi Miyazaki Kenji Abe Michele Mercuri Christian T. Ruff Robert P. Giugliano

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-1082, (Released:2016-02-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

13 75

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Background:In the multinational, double-blind, double-dummy ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 phase 3 study, once-daily edoxaban was non-inferior to warfarin for prevention of stroke or systemic embolism event (SEE) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of edoxaban in patients from East Asia.Methods and Results:Patients aged ≥21 years with documented AF and CHADS score ≥2 were randomized to receive once-daily edoxaban higher-dose (60 mg) or lower-dose (30 mg) regimen or warfarin dose-adjusted to an international normalized ratio of 2.0–3.0. Patients with a creatinine clearance of 30–50 ml/min, weighing ≤60 kg, or receiving strong p-glycoprotein inhibitors at randomization or during the study received a 50% dose reduction of edoxaban or matched placebo. This prespecified subanalysis included 1,943 patients from Japan, China, Taiwan, and South Korea. The annualized rate of stroke/SEE for higher-dose edoxaban was 1.35% vs. 2.62% for warfarin (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.90, P=0.02) and 2.52% for lower-dose edoxaban (HR, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.63–1.54, P=0.93). Compared with warfarin (4.80%), major bleeding was significantly reduced for the higher-dose (2.86%; HR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41–0.89, P=0.011) and lower-dose regimens (1.59%; HR, 0.34; 95% CI: 0.21–0.54, P<0.001).Conclusions:Once-daily edoxaban provided similar efficacy to warfarin while reducing major bleeding risk in the East Asian population.

著者

Hideaki Kabuto Tomoko T. Yamanushi Najma Janjua Fusako Takayama Mitsumasa Mankura

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.21-28, 2013 (Released:2013-01-29)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

12 26

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Active oxygen has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD); therefore, antioxidants have attracted attention as a potential way to prevent this disease. Squalene, a natural triterpene and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, is known to have active oxygen scavenging activities. Squalane, synthesized by complete hydrogenation of squalene, does not have active oxygen scavenging activities. We examined the effects of oral administration of squalene or squalane on a PD mouse model, which was developed by intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Squalene administration 7 days before and 7 days after one 6-OHDA injection prevented a reduction in striatal dopamine (DA) levels, while the same administration of squalane enhanced the levels. Neither squalene nor squalane administration for 7 days changed the levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase activities in the striatum. Squalane increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the striatum. Both squalane and squalene increased the ratio of linoleic acid/linolenic acid in the striatum. These results suggest that the administration of squalene or squalane induces similar changes in the composition of fatty acids and has no effect on the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes in the striatum. However, squalane increases oxidative damage in the striatum and exacerbates the toxicity of 6-OHDA, while squalene prevents it. The effects of squalene or squalane treatment in this model suggest their possible uses and risks in the treatment of PD.

著者

HUTCHINSON T. E.

雑誌

IEEE Trans. Systems, Man & Cybernetics

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1527-1534, 1989

被引用文献数

53 409

著者

Hattori T. Ihara Y. Nakai Y. Ishida K. Tada Y. Fujimoto S. Kawakami N. Osaki E. Deguchi K. Sato N. Satoh I.

出版者

American Physical Society

雑誌

Physical Review Letters (ISSN:00319007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.6, 2012-02

被引用文献数

115

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磁石でありながら超伝導にもなる物質の超伝導発現の新しい仕組みを解明 -磁石が生み出す超伝導-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-02-07.

著者

S.M.D.T. ランブクピティヤ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本語教育学会

雑誌

日本語教育 (ISSN:03894037)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.158, pp.112-130, 2014 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

12

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本研究では,日本語母語話者(JNS)とスリランカ人シンハラ語母語話者(SNS)が感謝の送り手と受け手の「親疎関係」及び「同位・上位関係」を基に感謝場面をどのように理解し,どのような感謝表現を使用するかを調べた。調査方法では,JNSとSNS,各10組ずつを対象に,「友達が忘れ物を渡す」,「見知らぬ人が忘れ物を渡す」,「友達の家を訪問する」,「先生の家を訪問する」という4つの場面でロールプレイを行ってもらった後,フォローアップインタビューに応えてもらった。調査の結果,SNSは感謝の送り手と受け手の関係が親しいと認識した場合,相手に距離を感じさせないように感謝の表出をしないことと,感謝の受け手が先生の場合,上位関係に対する尊敬の念を込めて感謝を表出することがわかった。一方JNSは,互いの関係性の「親疎」及び「同位・上位」という要素を認識してはいるが,どの場面においても感謝を「定型表現」で表出することがわかった。

著者

Takashi Maki Taichu Y. Tanaka Tsuyoshi Koshiro Atsushi Shimizu Tsuyoshi T. Sekiyama Mizuo Kajino Yasunori Kurosaki Toshiya Okuro Naga Oshima

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.218-224, 2022 (Released:2022-10-27)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Ensemble future climate projections were performed using the Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-ESM2.0) for sand and dust storms (SDS), which have a significant social and climatic impact on East Asia. A replication experiment using MRI-ESM2.0 reproduced the decreasing trend of SDS emissions in the Gobi Desert in the early 21st century. Prediction experiments using MRI-ESM2.0 in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 future scenarios indicated no considerable differences in the total amount of SDS emissions in the Gobi Desert for 2015-2100; however, SDS emissions increased with warmer scenarios in spring and autumn. In particular, March in the highest warming scenario (SSP5-8.5) exhibited an annual increase rate of 3.0% in SDS emissions for the years 2015-2100. Friction velocity was highly correlated with SDS emissions, with a correlation of ∼0.6 for all climate scenarios throughout the year. In spring and autumn, snow cover exhibited a low negative correlation with SDS emissions, while ground temperature exhibited a positive correlation. The increase in SDS emissions and subsequent dust transport by midlatitude westerlies in spring and autumn during accelerated warming scenarios could be attributed to the changes in friction velocity and erodibility due to the decrease in snow accumulation.

著者

John T. D. Caleb Dilrukshan P. Wijesinghe

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.13-20, 2022-06-30 (Released:2022-07-02)

被引用文献数

2

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The types of four Oxyopes species kept in the British Musuem (Natural History), London and the National Zoological collection, Zoological Survey of India (Kolkata) are reexamined. Three new synonyms are recognized: Oxyopes nilgiricus Sherriffs 1955 syn. nov., O. pankaji Gajbe & Gajbe 2000 syn. nov. and O. ratnae Tikader 1970 syn. nov. with O. hindostanicus Pocock 1901. The updated distribution of O. hindostanicus is mapped with records from several new localities from India and Sri Lanka.

著者

Paul T. Donahue Erik Beiser Sam J. Wilson Christopher M. Hill John C. Garner

出版者

Active Aging Research Center

雑誌

Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.24-27, 2018-10-06 (Released:2018-11-27)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 4

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lower-body power output and pitching velocity in professional baseball pitchers. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to assess twenty-seven minor league baseball pitchers were for lower body power output using two methods. Countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) and a 30 second sprint cycling test (Cycle) were used to calculate peak and mean power, as well as normalized peak and mean power respectively. Additionally, peak velocity, and mean velocity was assessed during the CMVJ with the use of a linear position transducer attached to a wooden dowel. Pitching velocity was measured as the greatest fastball pitch velocity for each subject recorded during a minor league spring training game. Mean velocity was that of all fastballs thrown. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between all variables with alpha levels set at p < 0.05. Results: Mean power during Cycle showed a significant positive relationship to both peak and mean throwing velocities (r = 0.441 and 0.428, respectively). Conclusions: Sprint cycling performance and more specifically the mean output over the duration of the sprint has a significant linear relationship with both peak and mean throwing velocity in professional baseball pitchers.

著者

フィッツジェラルド J. T. 平原 誠訳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.516, pp.1-13, 1997-01-05 (Released:2010-12-16)

参考文献数

5

著者

MIYAMOTO Yoshiaki SATO Yousuke NISHIZAWA Seiya YASHIRO Hisashi SEIKI Tatsuya NODA Akira T.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-051, (Released:2020-07-09)

被引用文献数

1

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This study proposes a new energy balance model to determine the cloud fraction of low-level clouds. It is assumed that the horizontal cloud field consists of several individual cloud cells having a similar structure. Using a high–resolution simulation dataset with a wide numerical domain, we conducted an energy budget analysis. It is shown that the energy injected into the domain by surface flux is approximately balanced with the energy loss due to radiation and advection due to large–scale motion. The analysis of cloud cells within the simulated cloud field showed that the cloud field consists of a number of cloud cells with similar structures. We developed a simple model for the cloud fraction from the energy conservation equation. The cloud fraction diagnosed using the model developed in this study was able to quantitatively capture the simulated cloud fraction.

著者

OHNO Tomoki NODA Akira T. SATOH Masaki

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-054, (Released:2020-07-20)

被引用文献数

7

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The impacts of the saturation adjustment type approach to sub-grid-scale (SGS) ice clouds in a turbulent closure scheme on the high clouds and their response to global warming were investigated based on the radiative–convective equilibrium experiments (RCEs). This was motivated by the fact that the time scale of ice condensation is several orders of magnitude longer than that for liquid water. The RCEs were conducted with uniform sea surface temperatures over the spherical domain for the Earth's radius without rotation using an explicit cloud microphysics and a non-hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model. This study revealed that suppressing the phase change effect associated with the SGS ice condensation on the buoyancy of the SGS turbulence could cause approximately a 20 % reduction of the total high cloud covers and a significantly different response of high cloud amounts to global warming due to the change in static stability near high clouds, which leads to weaker vertical heat transport at a sub-grid scale there. Since the typical value of the time scale of the ice-phase cloud is much longer than that for liquid water and the ice supersaturation is in general, using the saturation adjustment type approach for SGS ice clouds could lead to an overestimation of the effect of ice condensation for the turbulent mixing and model biases in simulations with both cloud resolving models and general circulation models. The present result underlines the critical nature of the treatment of SGS ice clouds in turbulence schemes which reflects a realistic ice condensation time scale not only for a better representation of high clouds in the current climate but for an improved projection of changes of high clouds due to global warming.

著者

Roger T. Johnson David W. Johnson

出版者

The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.29-30, 2008-03-30 (Released:2012-12-11)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 101

著者

Tamio Teramoto Makiko Usami Yoshiharu Takagi Marie T. Baccara-Dinet for the ODYSSEY Japan Investigators

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.45070, (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

9

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Aim: To examine the efficacy and safety of alirocumab in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia with or without diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: Patients (n=216) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH), non-FH at high cardiovascular risk with coronary artery disease (CAD), or category III (primary prevention) were enrolled; 148 (68.5%) patients had a diagnosis of DM at baseline. Patients were randomized (2:1), with stratification factor (heFH, non-FH), to alirocumab (75 mg every 2 weeks [Q2W] with increase to 150 mg if week 8 LDL-C was above predefined limits) or placebo subcutaneously for 52 weeks on top of stable statin therapy.Results: At Week 24, least square (LS) mean±standard error changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration from baseline in alirocumab-treated patients were -63.1±1.6% and -60.8±2.7% in those with and without DM. These LDL-C reductions were maintained to Week 52: -63.0±1.6% (LS mean difference vs placebo -62.4±3.0%; P<0.0001) with DM and -61.3±2.8% (LS mean difference vs placebo -53.4±4.0%; P<0.0001) without DM. The most common adverse events in the alirocumab group were nasopharyngitis, back pain, injection site reaction, and fall. No particular safety signals or concerns were noted between DM and non-DM groups at 52 weeks. A dose-increase in alirocumab from 75 to 150 mg Q2W was necessary in two heFH patients, neither of whom had DM.Conclusions: In high-cardiovascular-risk Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia on stable statin therapy, alirocumab produced substantial and sustained LDL-C reductions throughout the 52-week study regardless of DM status at baseline, with a similar safety profile to placebo.

著者

T.I.

出版者

公益社団法人日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

造船協会雑纂 (ISSN:03861597)

巻号頁・発行日

no.142, pp.37-41, 1934-01

著者

Stephen J.H. Yang Owen H.T. Lu Anna Y.Q. Huang Jeff C.H. Huang Hiroaki Ogata Albert J.Q. Lin

出版者

Information Processing Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.170-176, 2018 (Released:2018-02-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

34

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With the rise of big data analytics, learning analytics has become a major trend for improving the quality of education. Learning analytics is a methodology for helping students to succeed in the classroom; the principle is to predict student's academic performance at an early stage and thus provide them with timely assistance. Accordingly, this study used multiple linear regression (MLR), a popular method of predicting students' academic performance, to establish a prediction model. Moreover, we combined MLR with principal component analysis (PCA) to improve the predictive accuracy of the model. Traditional MLR has certain drawbacks; specifically, the coefficient of determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE) measures and the quantile-quantile plot (Q-Q plot) technique cannot evaluate the predictive performance and accuracy of MLR. Therefore, we propose predictive MSE (pMSE) and predictive mean absolute percentage correction (pMAPC) measures for determining the predictive performance and accuracy of the regression model, respectively. Analysis results revealed that the proposed model for predicting students' academic performance could obtain optimal pMSE and pMAPC values by using six components obtained from PCA.

著者

T. Abe K. Kawamoto T. Yasuda C. F. Kearns T. Midorikawa Y. Sato

出版者

日本加圧トレーニング学会

雑誌

International Journal of KAATSU Training Research (ISSN:13494562)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.19-23, 2005 (Released:2008-07-18)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

17 68

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term KAATSU-resistance training on skeletal muscle size and sprint/jump performance in college athletes. Fifteen male track and field college athletes were randomly divided into two groups: KAATSU (resistive exercise combined with blood flow restriction, n=9) and control (n=6) groups. The KAATSU group trained twice daily with squat and leg curl exercises (20% of 1-RM, 3 sets of 15 repetitions) for 8 consecutive days while both KAATSU and control groups participated in the regular sprint/jump training sessions. Maximal strength, muscle-bone CSA, mid-thigh muscle thickness (MTH), and sprint/jump performance were measured before and after the 8 days of training. The muscle-bone CSA increased 4.5% (p<0.01) in the KAATSU group but decreased 1% (p>0.05) in the control group. Quadriceps and hamstrings MTH increased (p<0.01) by 5.9% and 4.5%, respectively, in the KAATSU group but did not change in the control group. Leg press strength increased (9.6%, p<0.01) in the KAATSU group but not (4.8%, p>0.05) in the control group. Overall 30-m dash times improved (p<0.05) in the KAATSU-training group, with significant improvements (p<0.01) occurring during the initial acceleration phase (0-10m) but not in the other phases (10-20m and 20-30m). None of the jumping performances improved (p>0.05) for either the KAATSU or control groups. These data indicated that eight days of KAATSU-training improved sprint but not jump performance in collegiate male track and field athletes.

著者

N. TAYLES S.E. HALCROW T. SAYAVONGKHAMDY V. SOUKSAVATDY

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.1, pp.1-12, 2015 (Released:2015-04-23)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

9

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This paper describes a human skeleton from a rock-shelter in northeast Laos, dated to ~7000 BP. It was excavated in 2004 and moved en bloc to the Laos National Museum in Vientiane. Here we report observations made from the in situ skeleton. The burial is the largely complete but slightly damaged remains of a tall, middle-aged, probable male buried on his side in a flexed position. His teeth were heavily worn and one was infected but otherwise there is no evidence of poor health. We were not able to make an assessment of biological affiliation. In comparison with the very small samples of approximately contemporary skeletal remains from the wider region around the middle Mekong, it is clear that the burial position and dental health were not unusual, but that he was very tall for that period of prehistory.