著者

北岡(東口) 和代 荻野 佳代子 増田 真也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.415-419, 2004-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

16 30

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The purpose of this study was to validate Japanese research version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), a newly developed measure intended for persons of every occupation. The Japanese MBI-GS was administered to a sample of hospital workers. Exploratory factor analysis found three factors, as in original MBI-GS. Confirmatory factor analysis largely supported MBI-GS structure of three subscales, but the correlation between two subscales was unexpectedly high. To examine its construct validity, the subscale scores were then examined in relation to selected work characteristics. Conservation of resources theory was successful in its predictions of different patterns of effects among the correlates and three burnout subscales. The successful predictions suggested that meaning of each subscale was quite distinct. In all, our examination showed that Japanese MBI-GS assessed the same three dimensions as the original measure for human service workers.

著者

渡邊 ひとみ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19010, (Released:2020-05-22)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the types of positive meanings derived from positive and negative past experiences and explored their effects on identity development in adolescence. Participants (494 undergraduates) were asked to recall a single or series of past events that they considered to be the most influential to their current definition of self and sense of who they are. Next, they completed the Identity Scale, Centrality of Event Scale, and other instruments for measuring benefit-finding. Several types of positive meaning—personal growth, attainment of new perspectives and values, interpersonal growth, and positive changes in family relationships—were derived from both negative and positive events central to identity. In addition, “acceptance and personal growth” from negative events and “attainment of new perspectives and values” from positive events were mainly responsible for higher identity achievement levels. Perceiving positive past events as central to identity directly promoted identity achievement. This suggests that, in addition to helping with engagement in positive meaning-making, support or interventions that actively integrate past positive experiences in the life story might lead to identity development and mental health.

著者

梅田 聡 小谷津 孝明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.317-333, 1998-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

126

被引用文献数

8 5

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Prospective memory involves memory for future intentions in our everyday lives and it is one of the hot topics in current memory research. We reexamined what is prospective memory and discussed how intentions had been conceived of in the history of psychology. We emphasize the necessity of classifying a form of remembering intentions into the self initiated existence-remembrance and its content-remembrance. Man studies on prospective memory in recent decades were reviewed with respect to the following perspectives: (1) how intentions are recollected, (2) what is remembering intentions based on, (3) how we attempt to avoid forgetting to do things, and (4) what is neuropsychological mechanism of remembering intentions. Requirements for experimental research on prospective memory are summarized and future directions are discussed.

著者

日比野 桂 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.521-530, 2004-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

8 5

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This study investigated time series changes and relationships of affects, cognitions, and behaviors immediately, a few days, and a week after anger episodes. Two hundred undergraduates (96 men, and 104 women) completed a questionnaire. The results were as follows. Anger intensely aroused immediately after anger episodes, and was rapidly calmed as time passed. Anger and depression correlated in each period, so depression was accompanied with anger experiences. The results of covariance structure analysis showed that aggressive behavior was evoked only by affects (especially anger) immediately, and was evoked only by cognitions (especially inflating) a few days after the episode. One week after the episode, aggressive behavior decreased, and was not influenced by affects and cognitions. Anger elicited all anger-expressive behaviors such as aggressive behavior, social sharing, and object-displacement, while depression accompanied with anger episodes elicited only object-displacement.

著者

安 婷婷 永井 智

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19313, (Released:2020-05-22)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3

---

This research study investigated the similarities and differences in help-seeking intentions for depression and recognition of the effectiveness of help-seeking among Japanese university students and Chinese international students. Data were collected from 389 Japanese students and 284 Chinese international students. Based on a scenario on depression that was provided, each student was asked about their help-seeking intentions and their recognition of the effectiveness of several help-seeking resources. In descending order, both groups valued the effectiveness of a friend, counselor and family member more than other options. Both groups were more likely to choose friend, family member or handling matters themselves over seeking help from mental health professions. Japanese students had higher valuation of help-seeking resources when “handle matters themselves” was not included as an option than Chinese international students. However, Japanese students showed higher intention of handling matter themselves. This result implies that Chinese international students are more likely to seek help if services are provided for them even though they do not value the effectiveness of help-seeking resources as much as Japanese students.

著者

横光 健吾 金井 嘉宏 松木 修平 平井 浩人 飯塚 智規 若狭 功未大 赤塚 智明 佐藤 健二 坂野 雄二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.4, pp.354-360, 2015 (Released:2015-10-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 5

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This study explores the psychological effects that Japanese people experience when consuming their “Shikohin”, such as alcohol, tea, coffee, and tobacco. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 542 people, from 20-to 69-year-old, who regularly consumed any one of “Shikohin” in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba. The participants responded to an anonymous questionnaire concerning the consumption patterns of their “Shikohin” and the psychological effects that they experienced in taking in their “Shikohin”. Results obtained using the K-J methods showed three common psychological effects in each “Shikohin”. These effects included an increase in relaxation response, the promotion of social relationships, and an increase in positive mood. Our findings suggest that Japanese people may get some common effects through consumption of different “Shikohin”.

著者

大友 章司 広瀬 幸雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.557-565, 2014-02-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 4

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This study examined psychological processes of consumers that had determined hoarding and avoidant purchasing behaviors after the Tohoku earthquake within a dual-process model. The model hypothesized that both intentional motivation based on reflective decision and reactive motivation based on non-reflective decision predicted the behaviors. This study assumed that attitude, subjective norm and descriptive norm in relation to hoarding and avoidant purchasing were determinants of motivations. Residents in the Tokyo metropolitan area (n=667) completed internet longitudinal surveys at three times (April, June, and November, 2011). The results indicated that intentional and reactive motivation determined avoidant purchasing behaviors in June; only intentional motivation determined the behaviors in November. Attitude was a main determinant of the motivations each time. Moreover, previous behaviors predicted future behaviors. In conclusion, purchasing behaviors were intentional rather than reactive behaviors. Furthermore, attitude and previous behaviors were important determinants in the dual-process model. Attitude and behaviors formed in April continued to strengthen the subsequent decisions of purchasing behavior.

著者

藤原 和政

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18232, (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5

---

The purpose of the present study was to develop a scale to assess school engagement in junior high school students. Participants were 1,044 junior high school students in grades 7 to 9. Factor analysis resulted in a scale that consisted of emotional engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement. The scale had high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Moreover, the results of correlation analysis indicated that (a) emotional engagement is related to feeling adjusted to the school, (b) behavioral engagement is related to intrinsic aspirations, and (c) cognitive engagement is related to meta-cognitive strategies. These results showed that this developed the school engagement scale for junior high school students had a certain level of reliability and validity. Future directions of this research are discussed.

著者

太幡 直也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18237, (Released:2020-01-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

---

The items of the Cognition of Lying Scale were developed based on the expectancy–value theory in terms of expectancy and the value of telling lies. A factor analysis of undergraduates’ responses indicated three factors: Cognition of negative aspects of lying (7 items), Cognition of the potential for lying well (4 items), and Cognition of the genetic determination for lying well (3 items). Studies 1 and 2 confirmed that the Cognition of Lying Scale is reliable and has construct validity. The relationships between the factors and the number of lies told on the previous day were examined in Study 3, which indicated that Cognition of negative aspects of lying was negatively correlated with the number of lies told on the previous day.

著者

澤田 匡人 藤井 勉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.198-204, 2016 (Released:2016-07-08)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

6 12

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This study focused on the differences between two subtypes of envy known as “benign envy” and “malicious envy” as personality traits, and examined the effects of these traits on academic achievement. Two hundred fifty-one university students participated in the study. Both benign envy and malicious envy were found to be independent as also found in a previous study by Lange & Crusius (2015), and a high criterion-related validity was revealed by an association with characteristic variables such as dispositional envy and self-esteem. The students with higher levels of benign envy were found to set goals higher, and as a result, achieved higher levels of academic performance. In contrast, no such effect was found for malicious envy. The importance of focusing more attention on the positive aspects of the emotion of envy is discussed.

著者

菅原 大地 武藤 世良 杉江 征

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17049, (Released:2018-09-20)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

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This study examined the semantic organization of positive emotions among university and graduate students in Japan. A total of 100 participants individually sorted 132 positive-emotion words into categories using flash cards. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the sorted terms yielded a comprehensive map of the concept. We found, at the highest level of abstraction, two large distinctions: “other-oriented positive emotions” and “self-oriented positive emotions.” The former included (a) aijo (love), (b) kantan (wonder), and (c) ikei/sonkei (awe/respect), while the latter included (d) nagomi/yorokobi (peacefulness/joy), (e) ikigomi (enthusiasm), and (f) hokori (pride) at the basic level. Further, these basic categories contained 11 subordinate categories. These findings suggest that in semantic organization, positive emotions are generally classified according to the self–other dimension and that 11 subordinate categories have different features.

著者

宇佐美 慧

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.536-541, 2009 (Released:2011-11-03)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 1

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Paired-comparison is a well-known and effective method for scaling stimuli. In situations where judgment is affected by multiple factors, it is necessary to take these multiple effects into consideration. However, there is no very effective method to deal with this problem, especially when the data is binary. This study is to propose a new method that expands the Bradley-Terry model to overcome this problem. The proposed method allows estimation of both the scaled value of each stimuli and the influence of each factor. This article includes an analysis of the real data of a sensory test to verify the efficacy of the proposed method. Lastly, a possible expansion of the Bradley-Terry model for more general situations is discussed.

著者

山口 剛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.51-60, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

6

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Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between the use of a learning strategy and perceived benefits. However, the impact of perceived benefits as conditional knowledge in metacognitive knowledge has not been examined. The present study investigated the effect of perceived benefits about when (short and long) and how (persistent and suitable) to use learning strategies using two surveys. Each survey utilized a sample of undergraduate students from three different Japanese universities, and the Bayesian hierarchical modeling and within-person variance were used to verify the relationship between the use of a learning strategy and perceived benefits. The students completed questionnaires regarding cognitive (Survey 2a) and metacognitive (Survey 2b) strategies (Survey 1 included two strategies), and achievement goals (without Survey 1). Findings revealed the effects of long-term and short-term persistent perceived benefits on the use of a learning strategy in all the surveys. These results suggest that persistent benefits be emphasized in order to promote the use of learning strategies, and that the appropriate perceived benefits be emphasized in order to become an adaptive learner.

著者

浅野 良輔 五十嵐 祐 塚本 早織

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.69-79, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3 16

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Hedonia (seeking pleasure and relaxation) and eudaimonia (seeking to improve oneself in congruence with one’s values) uniquely contribute to well-being. The authors developed and tested the construct validity of a Japanese version of the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities (HEMA) scale that had been originally developed in North America. Drawing on the theoretical and empirical evidence from research on emotion, we proposed that people would pursue well-being in three different directions: pleasure, relaxation, and eudaimonia. In Study 1, we used the original HEMA scale to examine the Japanese attainment of well-being. The results supported the hypothesized three-factor model. Study 2 revealed that the Japanese version of the HEMA scale measured pleasure, relaxation, and eudaimonia. Each of these subscales showed statistically sufficient internal consistency. There was no gender difference in any of these measures. Scores on the scale systematically corresponded with external criterion variables, such as life satisfaction, affect, Ryff’s psychological well-being, social support, and lifestyle. Implications for psychological research and public policies that cover the topic of the pursuit of well-being are discussed.

著者

市村 賢士郎 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17037, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

39

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of and remedies for a earner’s low task persistence. In Experiment 1, 48 participants were assigned to two groups (24 each) and the number of times participants gave up was manipulated by presenting unsolvable anagrams (experimental and control groups). The results revealed that task persistence and task-specific self-efficacy decreased in the experimental group for which the frequency of giving up was increased. In Experiment 2, 72 participants were assigned to three groups and the timing of an intervention with instructions for solution strategies was manipulated (pre-task intervention, mid-intervention, and control groups). The results revealed that in the mid-intervention group, the intervention prevented participants from decreasing their task persistence and task-specific self-efficacy indicated in Experiment 1. These results suggest that voluntary giving up of learners is a cause of their low task persistence, and the timing of intervention to improve learners’ self-efficacy is important.

著者

豊田 秀樹 池原 一哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.32-40, 2011 (Released:2011-08-29)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

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In this article, we propose a non-hierarchical clustering method that can consider the relations between several variables and determine the optimal number of clusters. By utilizing the Mahalanobis distance instead of the Euclidean distance, which is calculated in k-means, we could consider the relations between several variables and obtain better groupings. Assuming that the data are samples from a mixture normal distribution, we could also calculate Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to determine the number of clusters. We used simulation and real data examples to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method. This method allows determination of the optimal number of clusters, considering the relations between several variables.

著者

川杉 桂太 竹村 和久 岩滿 優美 菅原 ひとみ 西澤 さくら 塚本 康之 延藤 麻子 小平 明子 轟 純一 轟 慶子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18219, (Released:2019-06-20)

参考文献数

24

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In this study, we proposed three image analysis methods (wavelet transform, singular value decomposition, and Fourier transform) to evaluate drawings of the tree test quantitatively, and demonstrated the analyses to three images of the tree test drawn by schizophrenic patients. Wavelet analysis suggested that information about the position of drawn trees (direction, depth and width of drawn lines) can be captured. Fourier analysis suggested that information about the direction and depth of drawn lines can be captured. Singular value decomposition suggested that information about the position and direction of drawn lines can be captured. Further research is needed to consider the features of mathematical image analysis in detail, and apply them to analysis of the tree test.

著者

小林 智之 及川 昌典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.467-473, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 2

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The current research examined the moderating role of beliefs in group interdependence on effects of negative meta-stereotypes. The effects of meta-stereotypes among Japanese participants were explored by examining responses toward a fictitious Korean defendant (Study 1), or a real political agenda between Korea and Japan (Study 2), after being exposed to negative views that Koreans might have of Japanese. In addition, the extent to which participants believed in group interdependence between the nations was measured. The results of the two experiments revealed that effects of negative meta-stereotypes were moderated by beliefs in group interdependence. The individuals with higher beliefs in group interdependence responded more favorably toward the outgroup when faced with negative meta-stereotypes, perhaps in an attempt to disconfirm the negative meta-stereotypes. On the other hand, the individuals with lower beliefs in group interdependence reciprocated with unfavorable responses when faced with negative meta-stereotypes.

著者

宮寺 貴之 渡邉 和美 久原 恵理子 小林 寿一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17048, (Released:2018-09-20)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

This study explores the factors associated with the quantity and quality of children’s testimony in police interviews, focusing on the characteristics of the crime, child victims, interviewers, and interview surroundings. We collected 137 cases of children interviewed as victims of a crime by administering a questionnaire to police officers in charge of the cases across Japan. Categorical principal component analysis, applied to the officers’impressions of the child’s accounts, yielded two aspects of the testimony: the quantity/quality of testimony, and the level of usability in the investigation. Regression analyses with variable selection revealed variables associated with these two aspects. The quantity/quality of testimony was associated with the characteristics of the crime, and the interviewer’s investigation experience, empathy, and history of participation in training, while information usability was related to the children’s characteristics, and the interviewer’s opportunities to talk with children other than their own, outside of work. The timing of the interview was also suggested to be involved in the two aspects of the children’s testimony. Limitations of this study are discussed for future studies.

著者

高橋 哲 西原 舞

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.460-469, 2017 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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It is widely accepted that sex offenders frequently deny their offense or minimize their responsibility, and there is controversy regarding how this should be approached in psychological interventions. However, few studies have examined the relationship between denial/minimization and recidivism, and the results are inconsistent across the limited body of research. The purpose of this research was to estimate the prevalence of denial/minimization in sex offenders and examine its relationship with recidivism. We examined 1,484 sex offenders who had been convicted from July 2008 to June 2009 in Japan. The prevalence of both denial and minimization was 16.3% overall. In addition, the relationship between denial/minimization and recidivism was investigated for 753 convicts whose sentences had been suspended. Controlling for possible confounding variables, including empirically known risk factors, logistic regression revealed that denial/minimization did not significantly increase the possibility of both any and sexual recidivism during the 5-year follow-up period. Implications for psychological intervention and future research are discussed.