著者

森丘 保典

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.121-121, 2016

著者

仙石 泰雄 中村 和照 緒形 ひとみ 吉岡 利貢 渡部 厚一 鍋倉 賢治 徳山 薫平

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.285-294, 2008-04-01 (Released:2008-08-13)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 2

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The present study was conducted to obtain basic information about blood glucose fluctuation and relation with race performance during 100 km marathon. Subcutaneous glucose of one well-trained runner was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) at 5 min interval and blood samples for biochemical analysis were drawn at pre, middle and post of the race. Energy balance during one week prior to the 100 km race was recorded, and the whole energy and fluid intake during the race was analyzed. Blood glucose fluctuated reflecting duration of exercise and energy supply during the race. During the latter part of the race (65–70 km), abrupt declines in blood glucose level, which reflected insufficient carbohydrate intake before the race (119 g), were accompanied by decrease in running speed. The present report suggests that continuous glucose monitoring supplemented with standard nutritional and physiological measurement provides precise and valuable information on runner’s energy state during the ultra-endurance race, and that athletes need to reassess their preparation for the race and planning of energy intake during the race.

著者

今泉 和彦 立屋敷 かおる

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.9-10, 2005 (Released:2006-12-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

原田 和弘 井澤 修平 中村 菜々子 吉川 徹 赤松 利恵 池田 大樹 久保 智英

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.417-429, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-09-13)

参考文献数

38

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Previous studies among middle-aged and older adults have shown that engagement in exercise with others is more strongly associated with better mental health than engagement in exercise alone. However, the applicability of such findings to workers remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether 1) engagement in exercise with others and time spent exercising with others were associated with lower stress response and mental distress among workers, and 2) self-determined motivation toward exercise mediated these associations among workers. This was a cross-sectional study. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 810 workers aged 20 to 59 years. The survey measured respondents’ engagement and time spent exercising alone and with others, self-determined motivation toward exercise, psychological and physical stress responses, mental distress, and basic factors. Basic factors were treated as covariates. The analyses of covariance showed that engagement in exercise with others was significantly associated with lower psychological and physical stress responses and mental distress, while engagement in exercise alone was not. Multiple regression analyses revealed that longer time spent exercising with others was not associated with lower psychological and physical stress responses or mental distress. Path analyses showed that mediation effect of self-determined motivation on these associations was not significant. Although dose-response associations and the mediating role of self-determined motivation were not confirmed, this study found that engagement in exercise with others was associated with lower stress responses and mental distress among workers.

著者

髙山 史徳 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.269-279, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 1

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Marathon running performance closely related to the several physiological and performance variables such as maximal oxygen uptake, running economy, and peak velocity. It is well known that muscle damage has a negative impact on the physiological and performance variables. Thus, restarting training or participating in the race in a state where recovery is inadequate may cause injury and loss of race performance. The aims of this review article are to (1) summarize the previous studies that investigated effects of a marathon race on muscle damage and physiological and performance variables, (2) discuss the middle and long term effects of marathon races on physical condition, (3) suggest the practical strategy for some runners that participate in consecutive races within a short period.

著者

関 哲司

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.219-224, 1964-12-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

6

著者

久野 譜也 村上 晴香 馬場 紫乃 金 俊東 上岡 方士

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.Supplement, pp.17-29, 2003-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

9 6

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The ability to walk is just as important for the elderly as it is for young people. In fact, in the elderly, decreased mobility limits function in daily life and can lead to more serious situations (e.g., becoming bedridden) . The elderly population has increased over the last decade, and many researchers have studied the mobility of the elderly. However, the focus of most studies has been to facilitate recovery of bedridden individuals and prevent the elderly from becoming bedridden, and particularly to prevent fall-induced fractures, which often cause the elderly to become bedridden. However, about 70-80% of the elderly population do not require care, and it is necessary to conduct research on the maintenance of activities of daily living to make it possible for the elderly to work or volunteer. From this perspective, mobility is an important physical factor. Mobility is dependent on muscle activity and it has long been known that aging reduces muscle mass. Therefore, it is feasible to assume that reduced muscle mass leads to decreased ability to walk, and we have proven that there is a close correlation between the two. When presenting the idea of strength training to the elderly, it is appropriate to focus on the maintenance and improvement of mobility, not on the training itself. The results of our research can be summarized as follows:Muscle mass decreases with age, with the legs being affected to a greater degree than the arms. Moreover, muscle atrophy is dependent on weakening of muscle fibers, especially fast-twitch (Type II) fibers. Reduced lower limb muscle mass increases the risk of falling and can decrease walking ability to a degree that can affect daily living activities.In order to improve reduced muscle mass in aging, it is important to use an exercise program that is designed to strengthen fast-twitch fibers, which can be followed even by the elderly. Since walking therapy mostly mobilizes slow twitch fibers, it is not effective in preventing and improving muscle atrophy. It is important to have an exercise program that is designed to mobilize fast-twitch fibers.

著者

安保 徹

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.4, 2010 (Released:2010-04-16)

著者

池崎 和海 芝口 翼 杉浦 崇夫 宮田 浩文

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.5, pp.345-354, 2017-10-01 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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Although icing treatment has been well accepted as aftercare in sports fields, the detailed mechanisms of the treatment is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of icing treatment on the recovery process of rat plantaris muscles with artificially induced muscle damage. Sixty male Wistar rats (8-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to three groups; control (CTL), bupivacaine-injected (BPVC), and icing treatment after BPVC (ICE). Icing treatment was applied for 20 min immediately after BPVC, and the treatment was used once per day for 3 days. The plantaris muscles were removed at 3, 7, 15, and 28 days after the muscle damage, then immunohistochemical and real time RT-PCR analysis were performed. In histochemical analysis, although significant changes were found in the relative muscle weight, cross-sectional area of muscle fiber, percentage of muscle fiber with central nuclei, and expressed immature myosin heavy chain isoforms after muscle damage, as compared to the CTL group, no differences were found between BPVC and ICE groups. In mRNA expression analysis, the ICE group had a significantly lower value of MyoD than the BPVC group at 3 days after the damage. Expression of IL-6 mRNA, which relates to muscle inflammation, indicated significantly higher value in BPVC, but not in ICE, than CTL groups at 7days after the damage. Furthermore, BKB2 receptor, which relates to acute muscle soreness, indicated a significantly higher expression in BPVC than ICE groups at 3 days after the damage. These results suggest that icing treatment is effective to suppress muscle inflammation and soreness at an early stage of recovery from damage, but not effective for muscle regeneration at a later stage.

著者

下村 吉治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.16, 2013 (Released:2013-02-14)

参考文献数

8

著者

山地 啓司

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.171-184, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-05-17)

参考文献数

71

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As the intensity of exercise becomes higher, increases in the oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiac output (Q) start to level off, and they will enter a steady state. However, the pulmonary ventilation (VE) continues to increase in an exponential manner even after the VO2 and Q level-off. After exercising to extreme fatigue, the oxygen used by the respiratory muscles (VO2) increases to 10 to 16% of the VO2max. In this situation, the respiratory muscles use the oxygen that would have been allocated to the active muscles because the oxygen used for the entire body is already in a steady state. Therefore, overexercising must be discontinued due to a shortage of oxygen for the active muscles (in the legs); amount of O2 debt has reached its limit. Since the total amount of oxygen that can be taken into the body remains constant, the enhancement of the respiratory muscles and their functions (including the respiratory efficiency (VE/VO2)) in advance is expected to improve their endurance. Several previous studies suggested that respiratory muscle training (RMT) enhances the endurance of subjects. Furthermore, recent studies suggested that RMT not only enhances endurance, but also improves the physical elements of significantly intense exercise (including speed, muscle strength, and power) performed for a short period of time. It is necessary to conduct further research to clarify the mechanism of RMT in the improvement of physical performance. RMT is not expected to improve the VO2max, and the following are possible causes of the improvement of performance: improvements in the respiratory muscles and efficiency (VE/VO2), a subsequent decrease in the blood lactate concentration, and subjective respiratory distress and sense of fatigue in the active muscles.

著者

古市 泰郎 井上 菜穂子 増田 和実

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.261-267, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

18

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Carnitine is well recognized for transporting fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane; however, studies conducted in the last decade have highlighted another role of carnitine in buffering the excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, an intermediate metabolite of beta-oxidation and glycolytic metabolism. Although acetyl-CoA is an essential metabolite, excess accumulation of acetyl-CoA inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, resulting in negative regulation of glucose uptake. In this situation, carnitine binds to acetyl-CoA and is converted to acetylcarnitine, resulting in a decrease in acetyl-CoA levels. It has been demonstrated that carnitine acetylation is essential for glucose homeostasis, and that its dysfunction, caused by aging and high-fat feeding, induces metabolic failure. To analyze carnitine dynamics in skeletal muscle, we have used imaging mass spectrometry to visualize the distribution of acetylcarnitine in rodent skeletal muscle and performed tracing experiments using isotopic labeled carnitine. It was shown that carnitine uptake and acetylation were elevated in oxidative muscles, and that they were dynamically controlled by muscle contraction. Recent studies using cell culture experiments demonstrated that acetylcarnitine is exported from skeletal muscle cells. It is hypothesized that muscle carnitine acetylation in skeletal muscle is not only beneficial for buffering the excess acetyl-CoA, but also plays in the endocrine system. In fact, previous work has shown that plasma acetylcarnitine concentration increases during exercise in humans, suggesting that the acetylcarnitine produced during muscle contraction may be released from muscle cells to serve different functions. In this article, we reviewed the novel roles of carnitine in skeletal muscle by analyzing carnitine dynamics.

著者

石井 好二郎 吉川 貴仁

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.146-146, 2016 (Released:2016-01-24)

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.6, pp.718-719, 2015 (Released:2015-12-11)

著者

白井 伊三郎 脇阪 一郎 佐藤 伝 百束 千恵子

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.6-12, 1963-03-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

8

著者

葛原 憲治 井口 順太 柴田 真志

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.139-145, 2012 (Released:2012-03-14)

参考文献数

23

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Collegiate American football injuries for two year seasons in Japanese Kansai Division I team were analyzed using injury rates (IR) per 1000 athlete-exposures (1000AE: one athlete-exposure was defined as a player participating in one game or one practice.), especially focusing on lower limb injuries. The overall game injury rate (GIR: 38.3) was significantly higher than practice injury rate (PIR: 13.1) (X2=12.355, p < 0.05). The difference between GIR in 2008 season (50.8) and in 2007 season (25.7) was significant (X2=8.235, p < 0.05). The lower extremity injuries approximately occupied 60% of all injuries, especially GIRs of both ankle inversion sprains (3.8) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL: 3.3) injuries being much higher. PIR in this study was higher than the rates of collegiate American football teams in the U.S.A., especially PIRs of knee ligament injuries (ACL and medial collateral ligament injuries) and ankle sprains (inversion and eversion sprains) being much higher. Regarding the occurrence of injury, GIR with contact in ACL injuries (2.8) and GIR without contact in ankle inversion sprains (2.4) were the highest. It is also necessary to change practice plans and circumstances so that the PIR of knee and ankle injuries could be reduced. Research is needed on injury prevention for knee and ankle injuries in the games and practices.

著者

杉山 康司 青木 純一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.173-180, 1990-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

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本研究の目的は高酸素気吸入トレーニングが平地での全身持久力に及ぼす効果を明らかにすることであった.日常規則的な持久性のトレーニングを行っていない男子体育学部生12名を被験者とし, 正常気吸入トレーニング群 (正常気群) および高酸素気吸入トレーニング群 (高酸素気群) に2分した.高酸素気群のトレーニング強度は高酸素 (60%酸素) 吸入時に得られたVo2maxの85%, 正常気トレーニング群の強度は空気吸入時に得られたVo2maxの85%とした.トレーニング時間は高酸素気群を10分とし, 両群の仕事量を等しくするために, 正常気群は10分22秒から11分30秒とした.また, トレーニングの頻度および期間は両群とも週3日および4週間であった.この結果, 正常気群ではオールアウトタイムが17分18秒±1分37秒から19分7秒±1分53秒および乳酸閾値が19.6±4.3ml/kg・分から23.0±4.5ml/kg・分にそれぞれ有意に向上した.Vo2max, 最大換気量およびトレーニング中の心拍数には変化は認められなかった.一方, 高酸素気群ではオールアウトタイムが17分56秒±1分24秒から19分33秒±1分41秒および乳酸閾値が19.7±3.0ml/kg・分から24.9±4.0ml/kg・分に有意な向上を示したことに加え, Vo2mmxおよび最大換気量にそれぞれ46.1±4.6ml/kg・分から51.0±4.3ml/kg・分および117.3±13.8l/分から135.1±18.4l/分の有意な増加が認められた.さらに, トレーニング中の心拍数については有意な減少が認められた.以上の結果から, 高酸素気吸入トレーニングは全身持久力のうちVo2maxを指標とする呼吸循環機能を改善させるのに正常気吸入トレーニングよりも効果的であると結論された.

著者

山本 正嘉 山本 利春

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.82-92, 1993-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

7 2

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自転車エルゴメーターを用い, 5秒間の全力駆動を8セット反復するという激運動を行い, 33分間の休憩後に同じ運動を繰り返した.休憩中10分間にわたり, ストレッチング, スポーツマッサージ, 軽運動 (被検者の無酸素性作業閾値の80%相当の強度) , ホットパックの4種類の回復手段を実施し, これを実施しないで安静にして回復した場合と比較検討した.疲労回復の指標として作業能力および血中乳酸濃度 (La) の回復をみた.被検者は各回復手段について12名ずつとした.結果は以下のとおりである.1.ストレッチングとスポーツマッサージは, Laの回復には有意な効果をもたらさなかったが, 作業能力の回復には有意な効果をもたらした.2.軽運動は, Laの回復には有意な効果をもたらしたが, 作業能力の回復には有意な効果をもたらさなかった.しかし, 作業能力の回復が悪かった被検者の多くは, 軽運動の運動強度が強すぎたと訴えていたことから, これらの被検者には運動強度をさらに低く設定することによって作業能力の回復にも有意な効果がもたらされる可能性がある.3.ホットパックは, Laの回復にも, 作業能力の回復にも有意な効果をもたらさなかった.4.1~3の結果から, 激運動後に作業能力の回復を促進する手段として, ストレッチングとスポーツマッサージは有効であると考えられる.軽運動については, 運動強度が適切に処方されるならば有効と考えられるが, さもないと逆効果となる可能性もある.5.Laの回復率と作業能力の回復率との間には, 有意な相関関係は認められなかった.したがって, 作業能力の回復を規定するのはLa以外の要因であることが示唆された.また, Laを作業能力の回復を表す指標とすることには問題があることが示唆された.

著者

春日井 淳夫 小笠原 正志 伊藤 朗

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.530-539, 1992-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

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In order to evaluate iron balance in the human body, we studied the effects of exercise on iron excretion in urine, sweat and feces. The subjects were five healthy male, college athletes. The daily intake of nutrients by the subjects was regulated by a prescribed diet (Calorie Mate, Ohtsuka), and the control measurements and the exercise measurements were performed within seven days. Excretion of iron in the urine during the exercise period was significantly higher than in the control period. The excretion of iron in the sweat was 1.076±0.118 mg, i. e, , about 70% of total iron physiologically excreted from the human body. The excretion of iron in the feces during the exercise period was significantly lower than during control period. Feces volume was positively correlated with energy expenditure and negatively correlated with the excretion of iron in the feces. Iron absorption during the exercise period was significantly higher than during the control period. These findings suggest that exercise stimulates not only iron excretion via urine and sweat, but iron absorption, and that iron balance remains positive in healthy male subjects who have normal iron status.

著者

小林 好信 水上 勝義

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.373-382, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-11-18)

参考文献数

50

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The purpose of this study is to clarify psychological factors related to recovery from sports injuries in judo and track and field. A questionnaire survey was conducted with male and female university judo players (n=944) and track and field athletes (n=645), who were identified using the snowball sampling. The questionnaire included the following items; the state of sports injuries, individual traits, coping resources, health related issues, stress responses and emotional supports. The questionnaire was conducted twice within a one year interval. Responses of participants with sports injuries were analyzed in the first survey (judo: n=190, track and field: n=111). Psychological factors in the recovery group and the non-recovery group were compared between the first and second survey and between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. In judo, there was a main effect between the groups of interpersonal dependency, stress responses “irritability-anger” and health management confidence (p< .05). In addition, there was an interaction effect between acquired resilience and emotional support from coaches (p< .05). In track and field, there was a main effect between the groups of stress responses “depression-anxiety” and “helplessness”, and between the time point of interpersonal dependency (p< .05). The results of this study suggested that while there were similarities in psychological factors between judo and track and field, the effects differed based on the type of sport, and that measures appropriate to the type of sport were required for psychological support when returning to the sport.