著者

Rafael Alexandre Muchanga Toshiyuki Hirata Hajime Araki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-020, (Released:2017-04-18)

被引用文献数

8

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In order to establish a low-input alternative production system based on cover crops, the effectiveness of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth; HV) incorporated as a basal nitrogen fertilizer and its effects on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in fresh-market tomato production in plastic high tunnel was investigated in Sapporo (snow cover region), Japan. The treatments consisted of HV seeding rates (HV2, 2 kg/10 a; HV5, 5 kg/10 a) and ammonium sulfate (AS10, 10 kg N/10 a) applied as basal N fertilizers, and the Non HV (control) with no HV and ammonium sulfate. In all plots, 15 kg N/10 a were added before tomato transplanting as a controlled-release fertilizer (LPS100 41%−N) to maintain the tomato growth in the mid and late stages. HV aboveground biomass (dry weight) was 585 kg/10 a in HV2 and 719 kg/10 a in HV5. Nitrate in petiole sap was higher in HV2, HV5, and AS10 plots than in Non HV plots throughout the cultivation period with the exception of the first 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The Growth index (GI) was higher in HV2 (47971), HV5 (46285), and AS10 (43397) than in Non HV (39847) at 7 WAT, the beginning of the harvest. Higher marketable yields were found in tomatoes grown in HV2 (6.87 t/10 a), HV5 (6.91 t/10 a), and AS10 (6.08 t/10 a), compared with the Non HV (5.19 t/10 a). The HV plots had greater soil total and organic N than AS10 and Non HV, and slightly increased soil C after tomato production. From these results, the HV seeding rate of 2 kg/10 a will be enough to support the growth of tomatoes planted after HV production if HV grows steadily in a plastic high tunnel.

著者

Chengyao Jiang Masahumi Johkan Masaaki Hohjo Satoru Tsukagoshi Mitsuru Ebihara Akio Nakaminami Toru Maruo

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-060, (Released:2017-04-18)

被引用文献数

5

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Tomato plants in greenhouse production are often confronted with light insufficiency in the lower canopy, especially in the winter low irradiation season. In this study, periodic alteration of plant density (PD) was proposed to improve the light environment of plants’ lower canopies, leaf photosynthesis, plant growth, and fruit development. These were investigated with winter cultivated tomatoes in a single-truss production system. Seedlings were transplanted to either movable or fixed cultivation benches for treatments with fixed PDs of 14.3 plants·m−2 (F14.3), and 10 plants·m−2 (F10), and unfixed PDs in a movable bench (MB; 25 plants·m−2 after transplanting to anthesis, 16.6 plants·m−2 at anthesis to initial fruit set, 12.5 plants·m−2 at fruit set to mature green, and 11.1 plants·m−2 at mature green to red-ripe). The leaf photosynthesis rates in MB and F10 were generally significantly higher than in F14.3. F14.3 had the tallest stems, but the lowest leaf area and shoot dry weight at end of experiment, while MB and F10 were not significantly different. MB had significantly the highest total yield, while the lowest data were observed in F10. The soluble solids content was increased in MB and F10 compared with F14.3, but no significant differences in ascorbic acid content or fruit hardness were observed among treatments. Therefore, a high PD in the vegetative stage, but a relatively lower PD in the fruit development stage, was highly efficient in intensive tomato cultivation.

著者

Atsu Yamasaki Hiroshi Yakushiji Hajime Iwamoto Akifumi Azuma Hiroyoshi Sugiura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-039, (Released:2017-03-17)

被引用文献数

4

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Various on-tree ethanol-sticker treatments for ‘Taigetsu’ and ‘Taiten’ persimmon (astringent cultivars) were tested to identify optimal treatment conditions for astringency removal and fruit quality. Using aluminum foil coated or polyethylene terephthalate stickers to attach a pad containing 1.5 g of ethanol powder to both sides of the fruit surface in early October removed astringency completely, while the application of treatments to one side of the fruit surface did not. The astringency removal was incomplete in treatments with a cast coating sticker. The aluminum foil-coated sticker with a 1.0 g ethanol pad applied in early October removed flesh astringency completely without fruit skin darkening or the occurrence of large numbers of brown specks in the flesh. It extended fruit shelf life by approximately 7 days compared with postharvest CO2 treatment in November. Conversely, sticker treatments in late September caused many brown specks in the flesh. The sticker treatment with a 0.6 g ethanol pad failed to remove the astringency completely while the sticker treatment with a 1.5 g ethanol pad resulted in heavy fruit skin darkening or the appearance of shallow concentric cracks on the fruit skin. Therefore, we conclude that an on-tree sticker treatment with a 1.0 g ethanol pad on both sides of the fruit surface in early October removes fruit astringency completely and provides high quality ‘Taigetsu’ and ‘Taiten’ persimmon fruit.

著者

Norio Takada Masahiko Yamada Sogo Nishio Yutaka Sawamura Akihiko Sato Noriyuki Onoue Toshihiro Saito

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-030, (Released:2017-02-28)

被引用文献数

3

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The pellicle of the Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) is difficult to peel, with the exception of the recently developed ‘Porotan’, whose pellicle peelability (PP) is high and controlled by a single major gene. The objective of the present study was to identify any genetic differences in PP in Japanese chestnuts with difficult-peeling pellicles. We detected a significant genetic difference in PP (evaluated as the nut surface area that peeled away without scraping with a hand knife after deep frying in cooking oil) among five Japanese chestnut cultivars grown in Tsukuba, Japan, using two trees in 2 years, and among three cultivars grown in five locations using a single tree in 1 year. We evaluated the PP of 32 Japanese chestnut cultivars/selections and one wild clone (Shibaguri-37) using a single tree in 3 years to quantify the variation. The broad-sense heritability of mean values over the 3 years was estimated as 0.67. Shibaguri-37 had the highest PP. The suggested new genes controlling the variation in PP have high potential in terms of breeding strategy for easy-peeling pellicles as an alternative to the major gene of ‘Porotan’, the use of which is likely to result in inbreeding.

著者

Masumi Yamagishi Takashi Nakatsuka

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-057, (Released:2017-02-28)

被引用文献数

14

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Genes encoding a MYB12 transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis, are the key genes causing variations in the anthocyanin colors in lily flowers. However, the origin of the MYB12 in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.) is not completely known. In this study, we analyzed anthocyanin pigments in tepals of L. maculatum, L. lancifolium, L. callosum, L. leichtlinii, L. davidii, L. bulbiferum, and L. dauricum, and clarified that L. dauricum and L. bulbiferum accumulated a single anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, in entire tepals, although these wild species had orange-colored tepals. The sequencing of MYB12 genes revealed seven allelic sequences among ten L. dauricum plants and two allelic sequences in one L. bulbiferum plant. These MYB12 sequences were the same as or similar to the sequences isolated from pink Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars, indicating that L. dauricum and L. bulbiferum have contributed to the anthocyanin coloration of these cultivars.

著者

Kazuya Ohata Yasuyuki Togano Toshikazu Matsumoto Yoshinori Uchida Takao Kurahashi Hiroyuki Itamura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-044, (Released:2017-01-31)

被引用文献数

4

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Prune trees (Prunus domestica L.) are optimally suited to dry climates, and a major production area for prune trees is California, which has little rainfall. The East Asian temperate monsoon zone, where summer is hot and rainfall is relatively abundant, is not well suited for cultivating prune trees. The purpose of this study was to investigate prune cultivars that are ideal for this temperate monsoon zone to expand the possibility of production. We evaluated the performance of 8 prune cultivars, ‘Puchull’, ‘Purple Ais’, ‘Blue Tan’, ‘Edwards’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Valor’, ‘President’, and ‘Marjorie’s Seedling’, by harvesting fruits from August to October to identify optimal cultivars in Izumo, western Japan, as a model area in the temperate climate monsoon zone. Results showed that the flowering period of prune trees was from late March to mid-April, and average temperature in March influenced whether flowering time would occur early or late. The flowering period varied by year. Therefore, companion planting with other cultivars that have overlapping flowering periods is necessary for self-incompatible cultivars. To avoid spring frost damage during the flowering period, protection from frost was necessary. Additionally, to avoid fruit cracking, cultivating prune trees under rain shelter conditions was also necessary. With these management approaches, two mid-ripening types, ‘Stanley’ and ‘Valor’, and two late-ripening types, ‘President’ and ‘Marjorie’s Seedling’, yielded over 1000 kg/10 a/canopy area and produced high-quality fruit with over 20 soluble solids content (SSC)/titratable acid (TA). However, three early-ripening types, ‘Puchull’, ‘Purple Ais’, and ‘Blue Tan’, and the mid-ripening ‘Edwards’, showed relatively low yields and produced fruit with low SSC/TA. Moreover, flesh darkening before harvest was observed as a result of high-temperature injury in these cultivars, and skin color and fruit taste were not good enough before flesh darkening; thus, these four cultivars were not suitable for table use. In summary, we consider mid- to late-ripening cultivars suitable for table use in Izumo. Our findings also indicate the possibility that these prune fruit cultivation methods could be used in other parts of the East Asian temperate monsoon and humid temperate climate zone.

著者

Yoshinori Kanayama

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-IR01, (Released:2017-01-31)

被引用文献数

49

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Sugars are strongly related to fruit yield and quality, playing a critical role in fruit set, growth, ripening, and composition. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is not only an important horticultural crop, but also a useful experimental model plant that can be used to further our understanding of fruit physiology. Therefore, in this review, we consider sugar metabolism and fruit development in the tomato. We begin by discussing how the sugar content of tomato fruit has been successfully increased in a tomato introgression line containing a chromosome segment from a wild relative, and how this has furthered our understanding of the mechanism controlling sugar content. We then outline current knowledge around how sugar sensing and signaling, proton pumps, and auxin affect sugar accumulation and fruit set. The prevention of fruit abscission by auxin, which is transported by PIN auxin efflux carriers and vacuolar proton phyrophosphatase (V-PPase), may retain sucrose transport to the fruit to inhibit programed cell death (PCD) and ensure successful fruit set. There is believed to be a trade-off between fruit sugar content and yield. However, fruit size and yield do not appear to decrease in the tomato introgression line IL8-3 and sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT)-engineered tomatoes, which contain higher fruit sugar contents. Future research needs to investigate the factors involved in sugar sensing and signaling, in addition to the sugar metabolic enzymes that have previously been studied for horticultural applications.

著者

Mari Sugiyama Takuya Katsube Akio Koyama Hiroyuki Itamura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-053, (Released:2017-01-19)

被引用文献数

9

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The aim of this study was to determine the best time to harvest mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves for optimal yields of functional components. Mulberry leaves were analyzed to determine the seasonal changes in the concentrations of functional components, including flavonols, chlorogenic acid, and 1-deoxynojirimycine (DNJ). During the experimental period (May 26–October 16), the ranges of flavonols, chlorogenic acid, and DNJ contents were 1134–2230 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), 616–1014 mg/100 g DW, and 53–199 mg/100 g DW, respectively. There were high flavonols contents in mulberry leaves from late May to early July, from early to mid-August, and after late September. There were high chlorogenic acid contents from late May to early July, and after late September. From late September, the flavonols contents increased over time, and showed the highest level on October 16, the last day of the experimental period. The increased flavonols contents after late September were due to the synergistic effects of solar radiation and lower temperatures. The DNJ content showed a bell-shaped curve, peaking in mid-August, and the DNJ content was strongly correlated with total temperature. The flavonols and chlorogenic acid contents in mulberry leaves were higher after late September when the temperatures decreased and there was still high solar radiation, while the DNJ content peaked in August when temperatures were highest. The results indicated that August is the best time to harvest mulberry leaves to obtain optimal yields of beneficial functional components. If mulberry leaves are harvested twice per year, then the first harvest should be in July to August when temperatures and solar radiation hours are high, and the second harvest should be completed by the end of September.

著者

Ken Takahata

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-034, (Released:2017-01-07)

被引用文献数

1

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The objective of this study was to determine whether planting pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) cuttings (shoots have 5 or 6 true leaves and length is 5–6 cm) through the hole (diameter is 4 mm) of a steel washer (hereinafter referred to as the “washer ring treatment”) would increase the soluble solids content of pepino fruit. Experiments were conducted twice: i.e. from spring to summer (Experiment 1) and from autumn to spring (Experiment 2). The washer ring treatment caused marked increases in stem diameter immediately above the washer compared to the control, but slightly suppressed stem elongation and leaf unfolding. The stem diameter above the washer at the end of culture was smaller in the treated plants compared to the control plants. The fresh weights of both above-ground and root tissues were also smaller in the treated plants compared with control plants. In contrast, no differences were observed between the treated and control plants in the number of flowers, the fruit set ratio, or the disorder fruits ratio. The marketable fruits harvested from treated plants were smaller compared to those from control plants by 28 to 47 g and 66 to 147 g in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively (i.e. reduction in yield); however, the fruits were denser and contained more soluble solids at 1.1 to 2.4°Brix and 1.1 to 2.9°Brix, respectively. This study confirmed that the washer ring treatment is effective for increasing the soluble solids content of pepino fruit.

著者

Sota Koeda Kanami Homma Yuri Tanaka Elly Kesumawati Sabaruddin Zakaria Shinya Kanzaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-049, (Released:2017-01-07)

被引用文献数

22

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Tomato yellow leaf curl disease caused by begomoviruses is a serious threat to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. If begomoviruses, transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), infect tomato plants during early growth, production can be almost entirely lost. Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), a bipartite Begomovirus, is emerging as an important threat to solanaceous crop production in Southeast Asia. The lack of mechanical transmission of some begomoviruses is a major experimental constraint. In this study, an agroinoculation method using TYLCKaV in tomato plants was established. Partial tandem repeats of TYLCKaV DNA A and DNA B were constructed and cloned to a binary pGreenII vector, and their infectivity was tested. Co-inoculation of TYLCKaV DNA A and DNA B to Nicotiana benthamiana L. produced typical begomoviral symptoms, and both of the viral DNA components accumulated in the upper uninoculated leaves, suggesting systemic infection of TYLCKaV. Two agroinoculation methods were conducted on tomatoes. First, excised sections of tomato shoots were agroinoculated with a soaking procedure. Although two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were tested, approximately 40% of inoculated plants only showed viral symptoms for EHA105. Second, agrobacterium from a cultured petri dish was directly inoculated with a colony inoculation procedure. When EHA105 was used, approximately 92% of inoculated plants showed viral symptoms. Sequencing the recovered viral DNA from the upper uninoculated leaf clarified that TYLCKaV had successfully infected the tomato plants. The colony inoculation procedure is labor-saving, and viral symptoms develop in susceptible tomato plants within approximately a month from sowing the seeds. This method could contribute to simple and speedy evaluation of TYLCKaV resistance of tomato plants.

著者

Yasuhisa Tsuchida Hiroshi Yakushiji

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-040, (Released:2016-11-22)

被引用文献数

5

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With the continuing trend of global warming, the adverse impact of high temperature and the inevitably accompanying drought stress on the growth of Japanese apricot trees (Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.) are of concern. Therefore, the effects of these factors on photosynthesis and carbohydrate translocation were analyzed. An investigation was conducted at average daytime temperatures of 24°C, 30°C, and 34°C under both irrigated and drought conditions. The 34°C temperature was higher than the open air temperature by 5°C. Stable isotope 13C was administered to trees to determine carbohydrate positioning. Under the drought stress condition, the photosynthetic rate declined accompanied by temperature elevation, and at the highest temperature of 34°C, 13C concentrations in the twigs and roots were lower than those in the irrigated trees at 24°C. Two-way analysis of variance revealed a trend of 13C translocation to the young organs above ground, and old organs, while roots were affected by water status, temperature, and their combination, respectively. In the irrigated trees, the photosynthetic rate reduction was not detected, even at higher temperatures. However, translocation incompetence reflecting a decline in 13C concentration in the roots was observed at 34°C. These results indicate that the permissible diurnal average temperature during summer for the growth of Japanese apricot trees is approximately up to 30°C, and in the temperature range around this irrigation is helpful to facilitate regular functioning of carbohydrate translocation under drought stress conditions.

著者

Hyun Jin Kim Ah Ram Cho Kyoung Sub Park Yoon Jin Kim

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-027, (Released:2016-11-11)

被引用文献数

11

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To increase the photosynthesis of crop and improve plant quality, we evaluated the effect of elevated CO2 on vegetative growth and flowering in Phalaenopsis Fuller’s Pink Swallow. Plants were exposed to 450 (control), 800, 1600, and 2400 μmol·mol−1 CO2 for 31 weeks. The number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width displayed greater increases in plants grown under 1600 and 2400 μmol·mol−1 CO2 than in plants grown under 450 and 800 μmol·mol−1 CO2. The times to leaf initiation were reduced to 90.7 and 85.8 days in plants grown under 1600 and 2400 μmol·mol−1 CO2, respectively, compared with that of the control, 177.1 days. The leaf elongation rate was significantly increased in plants grown under 1600 and 2400 μmol·mol−1 CO2 compared to plants grown under 450 and 800 μmol·mol−1 CO2. Plants grown under 1600 μmol·mol−1 CO2 had the highest total number of flower buds among all plants grown under the four tested CO2 concentrations. Leaf injuries were not observed in any plants regardless of CO2 concentration, but flower bud abortion and bud withering were observed in CO2-enriched plants, especially in plants grown under 1600 and 2400 μmol·mol−1 CO2. Plants subjected to long-term CO2 elevation of over 800 μmol·mol−1 displayed increased biomass production despite a concomitant reduction in the number of buds. These results showed that 1600 and 2400 μmol·mol−1 CO2 significantly enhanced the vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis. However, long-term exposure to high CO2 concentrations can adversely affect the flowering of Phalaenopsis, and result in reduced flower production and increased flower bud abortion.

著者

斎藤 隆 伊東 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.278-290, 1963

被引用文献数

2

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キユウリの花の性の分化に関する生理的機構を明らかにする目的で, 花の性の分化に対する Gibberellin の影響について調べた。<br>1. Gibberellin 施与濃度の影響 5, 20, 50および100ppm 溶液を施与した結果, 濃度の高いほど生育が旺盛となり, 雌花の着生節位が上昇してその節数が減少し, 雄花節数が増加している。<br>2. Gibberellin 施与頻度の影響 50ppm 溶液を施与する期日の間隔を12日, 8日, 4日および2日と変えた場合および4日間隔で施与回数を2回, 4回, 6回,8回および10回と変えた場合, 施与頻度の高まるのに伴なつて生育は旺盛となり, 雄花の発現が増加し, 雌花の発現が滅少している。<br>3. Gibberellin 施与部位の影響 50ppm 溶液を施与する場合, その施与部位を生長点部のみ, 成熟葉のみ, あるいは全面と異ならしめた場合, いずれの部位に施与しても生育は促進され, 雌花の着生節位は上昇して, その節数が減少し, 雄花節数が増加している。<br>4. Gibberellin 施与時期の影響本葉0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8および10枚展開時にそれぞれ 100ppm溶液を4日間隔で2回施与した結果, いずれの時期に施与しても生育が促進され, 雌花の発現が抑えられて, 雄花が発現している。Gibberellin 施与の影響が現われる部位は, 処理時期が1期遅れるごとにそれぞれ3~5節ずつ上節位に移動して行き, いずれの時期の処理でも7~8節ずつの雄花が発現している。<br>5. かんざし苗に対する Gibberellin 施与の影響 生育が全く抑えられ, 雌花が生長点部近くまで連続して着生してかんざし状になつた苗に, Gibberellin 100ppm溶液を施与した結果, 生育が促進されて正常な発育状態に戻り, 雌花の発現が抑えられて, 雄花の発現が誘起された。<br>6. 大苗に対する Gibberellin 施与の影響 雌花が相当数連続して着生している大苗に対し, Gibberellin 100ppm 溶液を施与した結果, 無処理区では雌花を連続して発現しているのに対し, 施与区では雌花の発現を抑え, 雄花の発現を誘起した。<br>7. 短日処理感応に対する Gibberellin 施与の影響短, 日処理によつて雌花の発現が誘起されるが, 短日処理前あるいは処理中に Gibberellin 100ppm 溶液を施与すると, 雌花の発現が全く抑えられ, 短日処理の効果は全然現われない。短日処理後に施与した場合には, 雌花は発現するがその数は少ない。<br>8. Gibberellin 施与に対する品種間差異 相模半白, 加賀節成, 刈羽節成, 聖護院節成および四葉の5品種を用い, Gibberellin 50ppm 溶液を施与した結果, いずれの品種においても生育が促進され, 雌花の発現が抑えられ, 雄花の発現が助長されている。<br>9. 摘葉と Gibberellin 施与との組合わせの影響 相模半白, 落合および青葉は, 高温連続照明下では葉が存在しても第40節までは雌花が全然発現せず, 摘葉, Gibberellin 施与区ではもちろん雌花が全然発現しない。加賀節成, 刈羽節成, 聖護院節成および夏節成は, 高温連続照明下でも雌花が相当数発現するが, 摘葉処理によつて雌花の発現が著しく減少し, これに Gibberellin を施与するとさらに雌花の発現が減少する。<br>10. 花の性の分化に対する Gibberellin の作用機作<br>Gibberellin の施与量, 施与部位, 施与時期等を変えたいずれの場合も, それぞれの処理に対応して植物体の生点長部における Gibberellin 量が増加して, 植物体の生育が旺盛となり, 作用部位における花成物質の集積量が減少して雌花の分化が抑えられるものと考えられる。

著者

Keisuke Nonaka Hiroshi Fujii Masayuki Kita Takehiko Shimada Tomoko Endo Terutaka Yoshioka Mitsuo Omura

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-026, (Released:2016-10-04)

被引用文献数

14

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To protect the rights of breeders of the major citrus cultivars developed under breeding programs by the national institute of Japan, we developed a method of cultivar identification based on cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and used it to evaluate their identity and parentage. We selected 19 CAPS markers that had a single-locus origin and moderate polymorphism, and used them to construct genotyping data for 59 citrus cultivars (including American accessions), local varieties, and selections. Of the 19 CAPS markers, 8 were sufficient to discriminate among all accessions except ‘Mato’ buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck) and ‘Hirado’ buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck). Among the 33 Japanese cultivars, the parentage of 30 agreed with that reported, but ‘Setoka’, ‘Southern Red’, and ‘Reikou’ had discrepancies at one or more loci. Using 15 to 18 CAPS markers to validate the putative parentage revealed that the seed parent of ‘Setoka’ was ‘KyEn No. 4’, not ‘Tsunonozomi’, and the pollen parent of ‘Southern Red’ was ‘Osceola’, not ponkan (C. reticulate Blanco). The seed parent of ‘Reikou’ remains unknown.

著者

吉川 瑛治レオナルド Robson Ryu Yamamoto José Luiz Petri Fernando José Hawerroth 山根 健治 本條 均

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.143-153, 2014 (Released:2014-06-30)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 3

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ニホンナシ‘幸水’と‘豊水’の鉢植え樹を供試し,2007,2009,2010および2011年度の4か年にわたりシアナミド剤の散布処理を行った.その後22°Cの自然光ガラス室に移動させ,発芽・開花状態を調査した.ニホンナシの自発休眠覚醒の指標とされる7.2°C以下低温遭遇時間と,発育速度(DeVelopmental Rate, DVR)モデルによる発育指数(DeVelopmental Indexes, DVI)を対比させ,シアナミド剤の散布時期の有効範囲の設定を試みた.なお,DVI1は大谷(2006),杉浦(1997),が定義している,自発休眠覚醒期中の-6~12°Cの温度範囲を対象としたものである.そのDVI1は本研究でDVI(old)と定義した.一方,杉浦ら(2003)は自発休眠覚醒期中の21~24°Cの温度域は低温積算の一部を打ち消して自発休眠を逆進させる効果があると報告している.その報告に基づき求めたDVI1をここではDVI(new)と定義した.その結果,7.2°C以下の低温遭遇400~600時間処理の時点でシアナミド処理をすると,両品種の自発休眠打破の促進効果が認められた.両品種ともにDVI(new)(杉浦ら,2003)が0.65~0.70の範囲内でシアナミド処理すると,発芽および開花が改善され,開花日も促進した.DVI(old)(杉浦,1997)とDVI(new)において,発育ステージが進行し,DVI(old)では,1.03以上,DVI(new)では,0.80以上では処理の効果は弱まる傾向を示した.2011年度の秋冬季(10~2月)では他の年次より21°C以上に遭遇した時間が68時間長かったため,低温遭遇時間のみでシアナミド剤の散布時期を特定することは困難であったが,高温時の打ち消しを考慮したDVI(new)は,発育ステージを適正に評価した.以上の結果から,低温代替技術として,シアナミド処理を行う場合,気候温暖化に対応可能なDVI(new)モデルによる散布時期の予測が有効であることが示唆された.

著者

小枝 壮太 佐藤 恒亮 富 研一 田中 義行 滝澤 理仁 細川 宗孝 土井 元章 中崎 鉄也 北島 宣

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.244-251, 2014

被引用文献数

19

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カリブ海在来のトウガラシ'No.80'は果実の持つ非辛味性および強い芳香性の観点から,果菜類としての非辛味芳香性トウガラシ品種の育種において有望な素材である.本研究では'No.80'の非辛味性,揮発性香り成分および品種の来歴を,同様に非辛味性であるが芳香性の弱いブラジル在来の'No.2'との比較のもと解析した.両品種において <i>acyltransferase</i>(<i>Pun1</i>)の発現およびタンパク質の推定アミノ酸配列は辛味品種'Habanero'と比較して異常が認められなかった.一方,'No.80'および'No.2'の <i>putative aminotransferase</i>(<i>p-AMT</i>)コード領域には,それぞれフレームシフト変異を引き起こす 7 塩基および 8 塩基の挿入が認められた.'Habanero'と'No.80'あるいは'No.2'との交雑後代 F₁ および F₂ における非辛味性と塩基配列の挿入が連鎖したことから,両品種の非辛味性は独立して生じた <i>p-AMT</i> の変異に起因すると考えられた.さらに,両品種の分子系統解析を行ったところ,ブラジル在来の'No.2'と遺伝的に非常に近縁な関係にある'No.80'は,南米大陸に起源を持ち,カリブ海に持ち込まれたことが示唆された.芳香性の強い'No.80',芳香性の弱い'No.2'およびその交雑後代 F₁ の果実における揮発性香り成分を同定・定量した.'No.80'は芳香性に寄与する成分を'No.2'と比較して多量に発散していた.さらに,交雑後代 F₁ は揮発性香り成分の多くを中間あるいは両親以上に発散していた.以上の結果を踏まえて,本研究では多様な非辛味芳香性トウガラシ品種の育種に向けた今後の可能性について考察した.

著者

Hiroki Ikeda Tomoki Shibuya Manabu Nishiyama Yoshihiro Nakata Yoshinori Kanayama

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-015, (Released:2016-09-28)

被引用文献数

21

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Calcium (Ca2+) concentration, early fruit growth, and expression of Ca2+-movement-related genes were analyzed during early fruit development in the tomato, which is the most important stage regarding the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), to investigate the physiological mechanisms affecting the occurrence of BER. We used tomato introgression line IL8-3 with a chromosome segment from a wild relative (Solanum pennellii) because this line shows lower incidence of BER compared with the parent cultivar ‘M82’ (S. lycopersicum), as described previously. Ca2+ concentration in fruit and leaves was higher in IL8-3 than in ‘M82’, whereas no significant differences were observed between Ca2+ concentration in roots and stems of ‘M82’ and IL8-3. These results suggested that a Ca2+ transport property is an essential factor for the lower incidence of BER in IL8-3. IL8-3 fruit showed a lower growth rate than ‘M82’, which could result in preventing the occurrence of BER. The expression of genes encoding cation exchangers, Ca2+-ATPases, a Ca2+ channel, and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, was higher in IL8-3 fruit than in ‘M82’ fruit, suggesting active Ca2+ movement in IL8-3. All results in this study could be related to physiological mechanisms accounting for the lower incidence of BER in IL8-3.

著者

Hsiang-Yi Huang Ching-Hsiang Hsieh

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-159, (Released:2016-09-27)

被引用文献数

10

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The objective of this study was to determine the genetic model of fruit color in the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCP1, and BCP2) in the hybrid set “MS 41 × MS 47” were used to estimate the genetic effects via generation mean analysis (GMA). The fruit color of the F1 population was green implying the green color was dominant over the white color. The fruit color of the F2 population showed a continuous distribution from white to dark green indicating this trait was controlled by quantitative genes. Genetic analyses using the Royal Horticultural Society scoring system (RHS score) fitted the three parameters model (χ23 = 1.59, P = 0.6607) and showed significant to highly significant additive and dominance effects, respectively. The GMA results of the six parameters model revealed a significant additive effect on chlorophyll b concentration. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll concentrations were nonsignificant in all parameters. The magnitudes of additive and additive × additive gene effects were larger than those of the dominance and dominance × dominance gene effects, which revealed that additive genes were more important in the contribution to chlorophyll concentrations. Broad-sense heritability estimates for color traits were 0.39, 0.611, 0.470, and 0.460 for concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and RHS score, respectively. In contrast to previous findings, with the GMA analysis we believe that the genetic model of fruit color in bitter gourd is clearly a quantitative model.

著者

Nobuhiro Kotoda Satoshi Matsuo Ichiro Honda Kanako Yano Tokurou Shimizu

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-016, (Released:2016-09-27)

被引用文献数

5

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Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in many aspects of plant growth and development in higher plants. In this study, we aimed to characterize Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) GA 2-oxidase genes encoding enzymes with GA inactivation activity because the accumulation of active GAs is regulated by the balance between their synthesis and inactivation. We showed that CuGA2ox4, CuGA2ox2/3, and CuGA2ox8 were differentially expressed in various tissues in Satsuma mandarin and that these genes functioned like GA 2-oxidase genes in transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression pattern of CuGA2ox4 resembled that of CuGA20ox1, which was reported previously as a Satsuma mandarin GA 20-oxidase gene, in the reproductive tissues of the adult trees in that both genes were expressed in juice sacs in November and December and peel in December, suggesting that CuGA2ox4 and CuGA20ox1 act in concert to regulate the accumulation of active GAs in fruit at the maturing stage. On the other hand, CuGA2ox2/3 and CuGA2ox8 were more highly expressed in seeds and flower buds, respectively. Further study of GA biosynthetic genes, including GA 2-oxidase genes, would provide insight into the mechanism of flowering, fruit development, seedlessness, biennial bearing, and peel puffins of citrus such as Satsuma mandarin.

著者

Atsushi Shimada Tatsuya Kubo Shigeto Tominaga Masashi Yamamoto

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.194-199, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

8

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The effects of temperature and light on photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics under high temperature in the passion fruits ‘Summer Queen’ (P. edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa) and ‘Ruby Star’ (P. edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa) were examined. Photosynthetic rates of both cultivars markedly and linearly increased up to 300 μmol·m−2·s−1, and less markedly increased from 300 to 1500 μmol·m−2·s−1 under several light conditions. Their light saturation points were recorded at around 1200 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD). Regarding the relationship between temperature and photosynthesis, the maximum value of the apparent photosynthetic rate of ‘Summer Queen’ was observed at 30°C, and it was lower at both lower and higher temperatures. In ‘Ruby Star’, on the other hand, the maximum value was observed at 20 to 30°C, and this decreased at 35 and 40°C. The gross photosynthetic rate of ‘Summer Queen’ decreased over 30°C whereas in ‘Ruby Star’, it decreased to a lesser extent. The transpiration rate of ‘Ruby Star’ was higher than that of ‘Summer Queen’ at 40°C. Dark respiration increased from 20 to 40°C in both cultivars. Concerning chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, ‘Summer Queen’ showed high-temperature injury at 40°C and all parameters were significantly decreased at 45°C. On the other hand, Fv/Fm showed only a slight decrease at 45°C in ‘Ruby Star’. These results indicate that ‘Summer Queen’ is susceptible to heat stress and that the range of its optimal temperature for photosynthesis is lower than ‘Ruby Star’.