著者

渡邉 信晃 榎本 好孝 大山〓 圭悟 狩野 豊 安井 年文 宮下 憲 久野 譜也 勝田 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.520-529, 2000-07-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

5 3

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The purposes of this study were 1)to investigate the relationship between sprint running performance and isokinetic hip strength, and 2)to clarify the muscles that are important in sprinting from the standpoint of isokinetic strength and muscle cross-sectional area(CSA).Sixteen male(100m sprinting time 10.99±0.46s)and 12 female(12.50±0.44s)subjects ran 60m and their sprinting speed was measured from 30 to 60m.Isokinetic strength of hip and knee flexion and extension(Nm)were mesured at 60, 180 and 300 deg/s.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was used to determine the muscle cross-sectional area of the thigh(upper, middle and lower femur)and trunk.In females, there were no significant correlations between sprinting speed and isokinetic strength.In males, there were significant correlations between sprinting speed and hip strength(absolute value)at all angular velocities(r=0.51-0.75, p<0.05-0.01), except for hip extension at 300 deg/s.Extension at 60 deg/s was significant(r=0.64, p<0.01)only in the male knee.In males, there were significant correlations between the peak torque of hip extension and muscle CSAs of the hamstring and adductor(r=0.50-0.63, p<0.05-0.01), as well as between the peak torque of hip flexion and muscle CSAs of the psoas major and adductor(r=0.59-0.83, p<0.05-0.001).These results suggest that sprint running performance in males is influenced by the strength of hip flexion and extension.In addition, the muscle volume of the hamstring, adductor and psoas major muscles appears to play an important roles during sprint running in males.

著者

豊嶋 陵司 田内 健二 遠藤 俊典 礒 繁雄 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.197-208, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 3

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the biomechanical factors that influence intra-individual variations in step frequency (SF) and length (SL) during sprint running. One male sprinter participated as a study subject, and performed a 60-m sprint at maximal effort. Experiments were conducted 5 times, with a total number of 14 trials. The ground reaction force and positions of markers attached to the joints were recorded using force plates and a motion capture system. Trials were divided into SF type and SL type depending on the SF/SL ratio, and the kinematic variables and ground reaction force were compared. The main results were as follows.   1)  There were no significant differences in sprint velocity and stance time between the SF type and the SL type.   2)  The flight time of the SL type was longer than that of the SF type.   3)  Vertical components of the ground reaction force and impulse during the stance phase were larger for the SL type than for the SF type.   4)  The thigh angle of the swing leg was larger for the SL type than for the SF type during almost all phases.   5)  The hip joint of the swing leg was flexed to a greater degree during the stance phase and first half of the flight phase for the SL type than for the SF type.   6)  There were no marked differences in the segment and joint angular velocities between the SF type and the SL type.   These results indicate that changes in step frequency and step length with flight time are due to an increase or decrease of vertical impulse. Moreover, it was revealed that vertical impulse is influenced by the thigh angle of the swing leg during the stance phase, rather than by the angular velocity of the swing leg.

著者

岸野 力 武田 剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.659-672, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

17

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between towing force during tethered swimming with different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols using an elastic cord and front crawl swimming velocity, and to suggest the use of towing force parameters based on the results. Ten college male competitive swimmers participated in the experiments, which involved towing force measurements during front crawl swimming using 3 protocols of HIIT and time trials over 25m, 50m, 100m, and 200m. The 3 HIIT protocols were 8 sets of tethered 20s trials with 10s rest time intervals (“TABATA protocol”, 20―10s protocol), 8 sets of tethered 8s trials with 12s rest time intervals (8―12s protocol), and 2 sessions of 5 sets of tethered 5s trials with 10s rest time intervals (5―10s protocol). The swimmers were connected to a load cell using an elastic cord to measure the towing force during tethered swimming. The times taken for the 25m, 50m, 100m, and 200m distances were recorded by counting the number of frames in the video footages. The critical speed (CS) was calculated using a regression formula from the distances and the times required for the time trials. Simple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between the towing force and mean velocity from the front crawl time-trials. The maximum towing force during all of the HIIT protocols was significantly correlated with the mean velocity for all distances and CS, and the regression formula was significant (p<0.05). Mean towing force during all of the HIIT protocols was significantly correlated with the mean velocity for 200m and CS, and the regression formula was significant (p<0.05). Logarithmic approximation of the time-force curves (peak and mean forces in each set) during HIIT was valid, and the y-intercept (towing force) of the approximation formula were significantly and negatively correlated with the mean velocity for all distances (25―200m and CS) and all HIIT protocols, the regression formula also being significant (p<0.05). From the viewpoint of feedback, the mean towing force during HIIT was useful for evaluating the workout effort during HIIT during tethered swimming using an elastic cord. The Y-intercept of the approximation formula from the maximal or mean forces during HIIT was best for evaluating the workout effort, although arithmetic processing of the logarithmic approximation will be required.

著者

森本 拓也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.80_3, 2017

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<p> 広島カープにおける事例研究として、近畿カープ後援会は後援会設立当初、会員にとって同郷集団的機能を果たしたが、カープ黄金期を経て同郷人的結合に拠らない結節が混在していることを高橋(2005)は明らかにしている。こうした結合には、少なからず「アンチ(巨人)」という志向も含まれていると考えられる。</p><p> 「アンチ巨人」と呼ばれる人は読売ジャイアンツを嫌い、批判するという点で結節している。そのつながりは巨人が嫌いというものであり、作田啓一が「我々体験」と呼んだ「拡大体験」をもとにした人のつながりと捉えることができる。しかし、アンチ巨人は単純な拡大体験と呼べるのであろうか。他球団のファンが巨人の強さや財力、巨人に在籍したスター選手のプレイなどの魅力に没入した時に、他方で同じく作田が述べた「自我の壁」が喪失する体験=「溶解体験」が「アンチ巨人」現象には同時にみられるのではないか。それは、溶解体験を可能とした巨人の「共視」(北山,2005)でもありうる。</p><p> 本研究では、このようなスポーツファンに現れる「アンチ」現象がもたらす社会的結合の二面性について、いくつかの事例をもとに検討することを試みてみたい。</p>

著者

佐々木 玲子 石沢 順子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.208_2-208_2, 2016

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<p> 子どもの体力・運動能力の低下や身体活動量の減少が問題とされている中で、幼児期から適切な運動の量と質を確保することの重要性が指摘されている。日常的に身体活動量の多い子どもは運動能力も高いという傾向がこれまでの研究で示されてきたがその多くは横断的なデータによるものである。そこで本研究では、幼児を対象にしたこれらの関係を縦断的な視点から検討することを目的とした。対象は、東京都内の公立幼稚園に通う男女45名であり、年少クラス在籍時および1年後同時期の年長クラス在籍時に同一の測定を行った。運動能力は25m走、立幅跳、ソフトボール投げ、体支持持続時間、連続両足跳越しの5種目を、身体活動量は3軸加速度計式活動量計を用いた8日間の連続測定により1日あたりの歩数と中高強度活動時間を指標とした。それらから運動能力や身体活動量の経年変化および各項目の関係性について検討した。全般に運動能力は各種目とも1年間で統計的に有意な向上を示した。身体活動量は、平日における中高強度活動時間のみ有意に増加した。運動能力、身体活動量、ならびに各項目間の関係性は、年少から年長かけてより明確にみられる傾向であった。</p>

著者

黒田 圭助

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第38回(1987) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.56, 1987-08-15 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

田路 秀樹 金子 公宥

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.1-8, 2012 (Released:2012-06-02)

参考文献数

29

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the force-velocity-power relationships of the ankle plantar-flexors and dorsi-flexors to clarify details of muscle dynamics in elderly males. A total of 15 elderly males ranging in age from 65 to 73 years, and 15 male college students aged 18 to 22 years, were enrolled. In previous studies, force-velocity of the ankle joint muscle had been estimated without measuring higher velocities with an isokinetic machine. Therefore, a specially designed machine was used to determine the force-velocity relationships directly by measuring all of the velocity conditions from 0 to maximum. The force and velocity values including the maximum muscle force (Fmax), maximum velocity (Vmax), and maximum power (Pmax) were measured using the after-load method. The results showed that the force and velocity values were well fitted to the Hill characteristic equation: (F+a)(V+b)=(Fmax+a) b for both ankle plantar-flexors and dorsi-flexors in both the elderly and college groups. The elderly group showed significantly lower values for the primary parameters Fmax, Vmax, and Pmax than the college group for both the ankle plantar-flexors and dorsi-flexors. Because of the higher a/Fmax in the elderly group, the maximum power of plantar-flexion in this group appeared relatively higher than in the college group. Overall, it was concluded that the ankle joint muscles of elderly individuals showed a unique fit to the Hill characteristic equation.

著者

山地 啓司 横山 奉行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.167-179, 1987-12-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The purpose of the present short review was to evaluate the relationship between the percent increase in Vo_2max (% Vo_2max) and intensity, duration, frequency, period of training, the initial fitness level (Vo_2max) and age, as a reexamination of various studies on different populations with different protocols regarding endurance training. Close connection was recognized between the magnitude of improving Vo_2max and the duration and period of training in male and the frequency of training in female. More important factors found to improve Vo_2max were initial fitness levels of the individuals in male and female, i. e., one with lower initial scores showed a greater percent increase. Furthermore, the present study had shown that minimum training thresholds for improving Vo_2max were 40-50% Vo_2max for intensity, 20-30min/session for duration, 2-3 sessions/wk for frequency and several weeks for period of training.

著者

八板 昭仁 青柳 領 倉石 平 野寺 和彦 大山 泰史 川面 剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.253_2-253_2, 2016

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<p> バスケットボールのゲーム中のショットは、様々な要因に影響され同様の種類や位置からの試行であっても状況によって難易度は大きく変わることになる。本研究は、昨年の本大会におけるショット決定に影響する諸要因からショット状況の難易度についての報告の第2報である。第66回全日本大学選手権大会の男子準々決勝以降の試合を対象に、1,010本のショットの成否とそれに影響すると考えられる14項目を調査した。ショットの成否を目的変数として、クロス表によるχ2乗検定とロジスティック回帰分析による解析を行った。クロス表によって各要因の成否への影響を検討したところ11項目で有意であった。ロジスティック回帰分析では、χ 2乗値(df=96)が187.59、p<0.01で、回帰式の当てはまりは良好であり、Wald値はショットエリア7.95(df=2)、ショットポジション24.63(df=13)、防御者との間合い9.18(df=5)、防御者の手の位置8.12(df=4)、被ファウル5.41(df=2)の各項目が大きな値を示した。ショットの成否に影響する複合的な要因として、ショット試行位置と相手防御者の状況や対応が大きいことが示された。</p>

著者

岡崎 助一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第66回(2015) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.26-27, 2015-08-25 (Released:2017-04-06)

著者

八板 昭仁 青柳 領 倉石 平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.237_1, 2017

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<p> バスケットボールのゲーム中のショットは、様々な要因が関与しており状況によって難易度は大きく変わると考えられる。これまでショットの成否と影響する諸要因からショット状況の難易度を数量化する方法について報告してきた。本研究は、それらを利用してショット成功率と難易度別のショットの関連、およびゲームの勝敗との関連について検討した。第65回全日本大学選手権大会女子準々決勝以降の12試合を対象に、1,789本のショットの成否に影響する状況9項目を調査した。ロジスティック回帰分析を用いて算出した予測値から難易度を数量化し、難易度の高いショットをTough-Shot、平均的なショットをAverage-Shot、難易度の低いショットをEasy-shotとして、ピリオド別の相手チームとの得点差との関連を検討した。試投数については、Easy-shotと得点差の間に1%水準の有意な関連が認められ、Tough-shot、Average-shotに相関はみられなかった。成功数については、すべての難易度のショットに相関が認められた。また、ゲームの勝者と敗者に分類すると異なる傾向が認められ、ゲームを有利に進めるためには低難易度のショットの試投数や成功率が影響していることが示された。</p>

著者

足立 稔 野原 隆彦 田中 宏暁 進藤 宗洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, 1995

著者

渋倉 崇行 西田 保 佐々木 万丈 北村 勝朗 磯貝 浩久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.563-581, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the psychosocial skills of high school extracurricular sports activities and their generalization to student daily life. In a preliminary study, we collected a wide range of psychosocial skills related to extracurricular sports activities experienced by members of high school sports clubs, and then selected questionnaire items that would be used in the present study. In Survey 1, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data collected from 376 members of high school extracurricular sports clubs (265 males, 111 females) to develop two scales, one measuring psychosocial skills in extracurricular sports activities, and the other psychosocial skills in daily life. The validity and reliability of these two 9-subscale tools, both of which comprised the same items, were thus confirmed. In Survey 2, the two scales developed in Survey 1 were used to conduct three surveys of the same subjects over an interval of about 3 months, in order to determine the causal relationships between the psychosocial skills used in extracurricular activities and those used in daily life. A cross-lagged effect model was used. The study subjects were 137 high school students who were members of extracurricular sports clubs (73 males, 64 females). The results showed that the psychosocial skills needed for extracurricular sports activities could be generalized to student daily life. Generalization in the reverse direction, i.e. from skills used in everyday life to those used in extracurricular sports activities, was also evident. Furthermore, the results suggested that psychosocial skills used in extracurricular sports activities had a cyclical causal relationship with the skills used in everyday life. Finally, the significance of extracurricular sports activities and methods for actualizing this significance was discussed based on the study results.

著者

小宮 秀明 黒川 修行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.495-504, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Being overweight is a major risk factor for development of lifestyle-related diseases, and the sheer volume of current evidence that childhood obesity persists into adolescence and adulthood suggests the importance of rectifying obesity in childhood. The present study followed up children in the 1st to 6th grades of elementary school to examine whether being overweight was a continuous trend. In addition, increases and decreases in the adiposity of the students were examined in order to clarify fluctuations in their physical build. The subjects of the study were 3991 students (2046 boys and 1945 girls) attending all 68 schools in city U who were tracked for 6 years. The students were divided into 10th percentiles based on their degree of overweight. Using the median 45-55th percentile as a reference group, univariate logistic analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of students who were overweight in the 1st grade remaining so in the 6th grade. It became clear that students in the 85th percentile or higher in first grade were 39.8 times more likely for boys and 21.9 times more likely for girls to be overweight in the 6th grade than 1st grade students in the reference group. Boys and girls who were markedly overweight in the 1st grade continued to demonstrate high degrees of obesity in the 6th grade. About 80% of both boys and girls who were overweight in the 1st grade of elementary school continued to be overweight in the 6th grade. Based on the above findings, it is clear that the degree of overweight in the 1st grade of elementary school has a strong influence on the corresponding degree in the 2nd grade and thereafter, thus suggesting the importance of preventing overweight developing upon entry to elementary school.

著者

斎藤 由美 藤井 勝紀 田中 望 伊藤 幹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, 2012

著者

高田 哲史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, 2003

著者

高松 薫 佐藤 芳弘 宮坂 雅昭 高森 秀蔵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.81-88, 1989-06-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4 2

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The level and type of anaerobic power for forward and back players of rugby football were investigated. Subjects were thirty-five college rugby football players and sixteen college male sprinters and throwers. Peak frequency of revolution and peak power during 7-s pedalling were measured at torques of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 kgm. The level of anaerobic power was determined by the maximum peak power and its relative value to body weight. The type of anaerobic power was determined by the coefficients of linear equation representing relationship between peak frequency of revolution and torque.Results were as follows; 1) Maximum anaerobic power of forward players was larger than that of back players, but the relative value to body weight was smaller. 2) Maximum anaerobic power and the relative value to body weight for forward or back players of varsity team were larger than those of the farm team. 3) Maximum anaerobic power and the relative value to body weight of foward players were smaller than those of the throwers. The maximum anaerobic power relative to body weight of back players was smaller than that of the sprinters, but no difference in maximum anaerobic power. 4) Foward players were characterized as strength type because they exerted higher level of anaerobic power in the larger torques. On the other hand, back players were characterized as speed type because they were superior in the smaller torques. 5) Rugby football players were characterized as speed type in comparison with the throwers, but as strength type compared with the sprinters.

著者

林 誠 岩間 圭祐 小野 誠司 木塚 朝博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.225_3, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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野球の投手における練習方法に、自分自身のピッチングフォームを巻き戻すように行う逆再生シャドーピッチングがある。本研究では、逆再生シャドーピッチングの達成度が高い者と低い者との間で投球能力に違いがあるのか、さらに、動作をイメージする能力が逆再生シャドーピッチングや投球能力に影響しているか否かを明らかにすることを目的とした。大学野球投手16名(平均球速;128±5.6km)を対象者とし、逆再生シャドーピッチングテストとコントロール及び球速を測るピッチングテスト、動作のイメージの鮮明さを測るイメージテストの3つを実施した。その結果、逆再生シャドーピッチングの達成度が高い者と低い者はそれぞれ8名ずつであった。また、高い者は低い者と比べ球速に有意な差はないがコントロールにおいて有意に優れ、イメージテストにおいても有意に得点が高いことが認められた。これらのことから、逆再生シャドーピッチングの達成度が高い者はコントロールと動作を鮮明にイメージする能力に優れていることが明らかとなった。したがって、自分自身が投げるピッチング動作を鮮明にイメージできることが、コントロールの向上につながっている可能性がある。

著者

藤川 誠勝 石部 安浩 伊藤 昭子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.301, 1966-07-15 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

山中 昭生 近藤 英男 辻本 勇 竹村 昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, 1966