著者

川上 吉昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.7, pp.22-23, 1957 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

池本 淳一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.529-547, 2014 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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This paper focuses on the position of “Ju-ken” matches and their promoter, Kenji Kano, in Japanese boxing history. A “Ju-ken” match was a match between a judoist and a boxer, and such bouts were held from the middle of the Taisho era to the early Showa era in Kobe, Tokyo and Osaka. The main organizer of these matches was the “International Ju-ken club”, whose owner Kenji Kano was the nephew of Jigoro Kano. This study divides the history of Ju-ken into three periods, each with respective features.   The first period was from October 1919 to April 1921. Ju-ken at this time was intended to reform judo into a competitive sport through fighting with boxing. Although judo had been well established at that time, it was facing a challenge due to loss of its spirit and form as a martial art during the process of sportification. Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, was unhappy with this change. By studying boxing, karate, aikido, stick fighting and other martial arts, he aimed at creating a ‘Martial Art Judo’. His nephew Kenji Kano pursued martial art-oriented judo as well, but his approach to reconstructing judo as a martial art was through mixed martial arts games, the “Ju-ken match”.   The middle period was from May 1921 to March 1925, when Ju-ken evolved into a spectator sport that encapsulated the struggle for superiority in terms of nationality and ethnicity. Because Kodokan prohibited their members from participating in any mixed-martial arts match from April 1921, Ju-ken became a spectator sport. In addition, after charity matches following the Great Kanto Earthquake, in order to bring more excitement to the game, Ju-ken heightened the opposition and rivalry based on the nationalities and ethnicities of the athletes.   The final period was from April 1925 to August 1931, when Ju-ken changed into a show that was intended to provoke nationalistic emotions among the audience. After the development of “normal” boxing, Ju-ken held normal boxing matches in their games and adopted new boxing-like rules. These new rules and the point systems put foreign boxers at a disadvantage when fighting against Japanese judoists, ensuring that Japanese would always defeat foreigners.   Finally, through assimilation of knowledge and focusing on boxing, this study argues that Ju-ken matches created a background for localization of modern boxing in Japan.

著者

熊原 秀晃 西田 順一 坂井 洋子 金平 真由美 金平 桂一郎 進藤 宗洋 田中 宏暁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14008, (Released:2014-05-22)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute exercise mimicking boxing on affect and mood states. In a randomized crossover design, sixteen adults (35.8±6.6 yrs) underwent both a boxing exercise program based on shadow boxing (Boxing) as well as a boxing program combined with a focus mitts workout (pad work) (Boxing+Mitts). The Waseda Affect Scale of Exercise and Durable Activity (WASEDA) and the Profile of Mood States-Brief Form (POMS-Brief) were administered before and after both exercise programs. There were no gender differences in any psychological scales before and after the programs as well as in heart rate during exercise. The Boxing+Mitts program tended to show a lower exercise intensity, defined as the percentage of the average heat rate reserve (HRR), than the Boxing program (40.4±13.3 vs. 50.4±17.5%HRR, p<0.10). However, both programs were considered to give a moderate level of exercise intensity on average, which is regarded as the minimum intensity required to improve individual cardiorespiratory fitness. The Boxing program significantly improved all three scales of negative affect, positive engagement and tranquility assessed by the WASEDA. Moreover, the POMS-Brief showed an iceberg profile after the program, which was followed by significant decreases in the scores of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility and confusion, and a significant increase in the vigor score. In addition, a composite score of total mood disturbance calculated by summing the subscale scores changed in a positive direction. The Boxing+Mitts program was shown to lead to similar changes in the WASEDA and POMS-Brief. However, no significant program×time interactions (by two-way ANOVA) were observed in any of the scales. These results indicate that acute boxing-style exercise programs would improve negative psychological variables and enhance both feelings of pleasant activation, as well as relaxation. A further study is warranted to explore whether any long-term (chronic) effects on mental health exist, and to compare these programs with other modes of exercise.

著者

苅山 靖 圷 将太 三澤 孝康 寺本 祐治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.1041-1048, 2020 (Released:2020-12-24)

参考文献数

29

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The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) movement ability of male field hockey players by using various jump tests. Thirty-seven male field hockey players in a national top-level university team performed 3 jump tests (countermovement jump [CMJ], rebound jump [RJ], and drop jump [DJ]). The coach of the participating team subjectively evaluated the players’ footwork ability (sprint running and change of direction movements) during field hockey games. The results of all the analyses were as follows: 1) The top-level field hockey players had higher RJ and DJ abilities than lower-level field hockey players. 2) A significant relationship was observed between the subjective evaluation points and the abilities in the various jump tests (CMJ, RJ, and DJ). These results indicate that CMJ, especially RJ and DJ, are important SSC abilities for the performance of male field hockey players. Moreover, the CMJ, RJ, and DJ tests can be used for player selection and talent identification focused on footwork.

著者

浅見 俊雄 松井 秀治 渡辺 俊彦 竹内 伸也 長沢 弘 田中 千鶴子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.143, 1966-07-15 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.575-586, 2017 (Released:2017-12-19)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 4

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy during baseball batting, focusing on the lower extremities and torso. The batting motion and ground reaction forces acting on each foot of 79 amateur baseball players were recorded using a motion capture system and 2 force plates. The joint forces and joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. In addition, the mechanical powers as a function of each joint torque were calculated to assess the generation/absorption of mechanical energy. The mechanical powers as a function of joint forces and joint torques acting on each segment were calculated to assess the transfer of mechanical energy. The main results were as follows:  1. In the phase from contact of the stride foot to the peak lower torso rotational velocity (lower torso acceleration phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the lower torso as a function of hip joint torque.  2. In the lower torso acceleration phase, the mechanical energy flowed out from the lower torso to the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  3. In the phase from the peak lower torso rotational velocity to impact (swing phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  4. In the swing phase, the mechanical energy of the bat increased rapidly, and this amount of change was significantly correlated with the bat head speed at impact.  5. Though the analysis phase, the change in the mechanical energy of the torso was small.  These results suggest that both hip joints generate mechanical energy and that the torso acts as a pathway of mechanical energy during baseball batting. In addition, the transfer of mechanical energy from the torso to the upper extremities and the bat contributes to increasing the bat head speed at impact.

著者

森下 義隆 矢内 利政

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17004, (Released:2018-02-15)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this study was to examine within-subject differences in bat-swing trajectory between intentional hitting towards the same field and towards the opposite field. 19 industrial league baseball batters and 16 collegiate baseball batters performed same-field hitting (SH) and opposite-field hitting (OH). The movement of the bat during the swing was recorded with two high-speed cameras (1000 fps) for 3D analysis. At the instant of ball impact, the striking surface of the bat faced towards the same field in SH and towards the opposite field in OH. The bat-head trajectory immediately before impact was directed obliquely upward in SH, whereas it was directed obliquely downward in OH. Throughout the swing, the projection angle of the bat on the vertical plane was greater in OH than in SH, and the ratio of the translational component of the bat-head speed to the resultant bat-head speed was significantly greater in OH than in SH. These results suggest that the characteristics of the bat swing in OH provide a suitable impact condition to drive the ball towards the opposite field, as evidence has demonstrated that (1) a batted ball is likely to travel towards the opposite field when the lower half of the ball is hit by a vertically inclined bat, and (2) the striking surface of the bat is unlikely to turn to face towards the same field when the contribution to the resultant bat-head speed is generated more by the translational component of the bathead speed than by the rotational component.

著者

蔭山 雅洋 鈴木 智晴 藤井 雅文 中本 浩揮 和田 智仁 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.517-535, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2 5

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the profiles of lower limb and trunk motion during baseball pitching in relation to differences between the mound and the flat ground, and to determine the motion characteristics while pitching from the 2 locations.  The subjects were 12 baseball pitchers (age 18.6±2.5 yr, height 173.4±6.5 cm, weight 74.7±11.0 kg) who belonged to high school or university baseball teams. Three-dimensional positions of 36 reflective markers attached to each subject were tracked by an optical motion capture system (Mac3D System) with 12 cameras. The ground-reaction forces (GRF) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using 2 multicomponent force plates. Pitching motion was divided into two phases: phase 1 was defined as the period from when the knee of the stride leg reached maximal height (MKH: 0%time) until the point when the stride foot made contact with the ground (SFC: 100%time), while phase 2 was defined as the period from the SFC until the point when the ball was released (REL: 200%time). Ball velocity was measured using a radar gun.  The results were as follows: 1) The maximum and average ball velocities were significantly higher when pitching was performed from the mound than from the flat ground (p<0.05). 2) Hip/knee flexion angles and hip abduction/extension angular velocities on the pivot leg were significantly greater for mound pitching than for flat ground pitching, and the hip/knee extension angle and hip adduction/internal rotation/flexion angular velocities on the stride leg were significantly greater for the former (p<0.05). 3) The GRF of the stride leg was significantly greater for mound pitching than for flat ground pitching (p<0.01). 4) Upper torso and pelvis angle/angular velocities at SFC and the maximum pelvis, upper torso and trunk tilt angular velocities were significantly greater for mound pitching than for flat ground pitching (p<0.05).  The present results indicate that baseball pitchers show biomechanical differences in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the trunk and lower limbs when pitching from the mound in comparison with the flat ground, and that high school or collegiate baseball pitchers can increase their pitched ball velocity by using the height of the mound.

著者

岡田 泰徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.83_1-83_1, 2017

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<p> 「アメトーーク!」というバラエティ番組は、2006年から放送が開始され、現在では週2回のペースで放送されるほどの人気を誇っている。同番組は、「くくりトーク」と呼ばれる、ある共通点や類似点をもったお笑い芸人たちが、そのテーマに沿ったエピソードを持ち寄り、トークを繰り広げるという形式が多く見られる。特に「学校」や「部活動」、「スポーツ」に関して共通点があるものをテーマにした回は多く見られ、人気が高い。当番組では、テーマにくくられた出演者が、番組後半にかけて、お互いをフォローし合うなど、一体感が強まる様子が見られる。このよう場面に関して、中島ら(2013)は、「人々は集団へ所属することを通して、内集団に同一視し、個としての自分ではなく集団の一員としての自分を意識するようになる」と述べており、その過程を経て人々は「集団アイデンティティを獲得する」(p.162)としている。本研究では、「アメトーーク!」の「くくりトーク」に注目し、スポーツがキャラ化し、他者との相互作用の中でアイデンティティが消費される現代社会の特性について検討してみたい。</p>

著者

伊藤 章 市川 博啓 斉藤 昌久 佐川 和則 伊藤 道郎 小林 寛道

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5-6, pp.260-273, 1998-11-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

18

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The present study was designed to investigate the kinematic factors related to sprint running velocity. The subjects were 71 sprinters(49 males and 22 females)who ranged from world class to collegiate level. Movements were recorded around the 60-m point from the start line during a 100-m race(during official races including world championships in athletics, or under experimental conditions)using 16-mm movie or video cameras. The official best time during recording of the movements was 9.86. The correlation coefficients between kinematic data(see Fig.1)and sprint running velocity were calculated for three groups(male, female, and all sprinters). Step length and step length index(step length/body height to exclude the effects of body height)were correlated positively and significantly with sprint running velocity for all groups(male, female, and all sprinter). Step frequency and step frequency index[step frequency・(body height/gravitational acceleration)^<1/2>to exclude the effects of body height]were correlated positively and significantly with sprint running velocity for all groups except male sprinters with regard to step frequency. With regard to leg swing, maximal thigh angle and maximal leg angle showed no significant correlation with sprint running velocity, but the minimal knee angle showed a singificant negative correlation with sprint running velocity for both male and all sprinters. These results suggest that the purpose of high knee drills generally carried out during training needs to be reconsidered. The maximal leg touch down velocity showed a significant positive correlation with sprint running velocity for both female and all sprinters. This probably means that the leg touch down velocity acts to reduce the deceleration at the moment of foot contact and to accelerate the subsequent leg swing back velocity during the foot contact phase. As for the support leg, the maximal leg swing velocity showed a significant positive correlation with sprint running velocity for all groups. Although the maximal hip extension velocity during the foot contact phase was correlated positively and significantly with sprint running velocity for male sprinters, the maximal knee and ankle extension velocity showed a significant negative correlation with sprint running velocity for female and all sprinters. These results suggest that the knee should not be extended to transfer the hip extension velocity effectively to the leg swing velocity during the foot contact period. This was borne out by the fact that the top sprinters entered in the present study hardly extended the knee of the driving leg during the foot contact phase.

著者

岡田 猛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第54回(2003) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.214, 2003-08-26 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

下竹 亮志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.223-238, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Prior research on extracurricular sports in Japan has focused on the survival of such activities as an apparatus of discipline after postwar reform of democratic education. This situation has been criticized, whereas a philosophy of “childhood autonomy” has been idealized as an intrinsic value; research in this field has advocated “student freedom” through release from the apparatus of discipline. However, the current situation is paradoxical, as repeated discussions about “childhood autonomy” have not yet led to realization of their goals. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the strategy employed in previous research, and the present study attempted to do this by focusing on the activities of students in a high school track and field club based on Foucault's theory of power.   An important component of Foucault's theory is not to aim for release from power, but to describe the function of power in relation to knowledge. However, prior research has tended to overlook how “childhood autonomy” can be recognized in relation to the function of power. Therefore, the present study attempted to clarify the function of power within the context of extracurricular sports activities, while capturing the process whereby students recognize the philosophy of “childhood autonomy”.   Unexpectedly, it was found that free practice allows students to gain affinity for discipline within the context of extracurricular sports activities as an apparatus of discipline, but it is not for becoming “docile bodies”, and that it is possible to find potential avenues of freedom, as defined by Foucault, in such activities. Foucault's freedom requires individuals to experience the functions of power rather than being released from them. Therefore, extracurricular sports activities as an apparatus of discipline provides a milieu that enables students to engage in free practice, rather than inhibiting their freedom. Our findings highlight the possibilities and limitations of freedom that students can experience within the context of extracurricular sports activities.

著者

矢野 裕介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.70_2, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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1937年の日中戦争突入により国家総動員法が公布され、国内体制が戦時体制に移行していく中で、武道は1939年に設置された武道振興委員会の答申にみられるように、その戦技化を要求された。それがために、剣道においては斬撃姿勢による基本的な技が採用され、竹刀についても長さを3尺6寸とする真刀に近いものが使用されたように、より実戦的(軍事的)な内容へと改変された。また剣道の訓練で培った技術を氷上戦にも即すべく、剣道とスケートを融合させた「氷上剣道」なるものも考案、実施されるようになった。とはいえ、従前の武道史研究では氷上剣道に焦点をあてた研究は見受けられず、その存在について語られることはこれまで全くといっていいほどなかった。そこで本研究では、前廣節夫・岡部直己(1940)の『氷上剣道教育指導法』(筆者蔵)を中心に採り上げ、分析を行うことを通して、氷上剣道の実際について明らかにしていくことを目的としている。本書は、氷上剣道を統括していたとみられる日本氷上剣道会が発行したもので、その「使術ノ要領」、「教育一般ノ要領」(基本動作、応用動作、試合教習、試合)、「審判」法等が詳説されているからである。

著者

寺田 進志 佐野 淳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.169-186, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)

参考文献数

48

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In soccer, passing has a decisive influence on the match, and can be said to be one of the game's most important elements. Regardless of playing style, in order to win, soccer players must master the ability to deliver the ball accurately to teammates. Therefore, the training menu of coaches must ensure precise passing of the ball. Even if coaches teach this, the outcome depends on the skills of individual players. If it is possible to reduce the number of failed passes as far as possible, then a better strategy than the opposing team can be achieved. For this purpose, it is necessary to refine the “passing wisdom” of soccer players. As the importance of passing in soccer is widely recognized, a number of studies have addressed this aspect. For example, an attempt has been made to clarify the mechanical structure of the kick from a biomechanics perspective, and to clarify the structure of cognitive perception from a sports psychology perspective. However, to our knowledge, there has been no phenomenological analysis of “passing wisdom” in soccer players to date. In order to analyze this, a phenomenology (Bewegungslehre des Sport) perspective needs to be adopted, and this was done in the present study.  This revealed the following 7 abilities:  1)  The ability to sense other players' intention.  2)  The ability to sense whether the criteria for successful action meet other players' intention.  3)  The ability to construct a situation based on one's own analysis.  4)  The ability to recognize the criteria for effective passing.  5)  The ability to sense the receiver of the pass.  6)  The ability to visualize the course of the pass.  7)  The ability to apply the technique to a constructed situation based on one's own analysis.

著者

佐良土 茂樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17149, (Released:2018-06-25)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of the present paper was to lay the groundwork for a “coaching philosophy.” In the first section, the article analyzes the term “coaching philosophy” from a linguistic perspective. The second section aims to clarify the definition by critical examination of the literature. The third section explores the reasons why coaches need a “coaching philosophy”. Through these processes, the proposed definition of “coaching philosophy”is presented as a “comprehensive statement of the ends aimed at as coaching principles, the basic guidelines that give coaches direction, and the values set by coaches in practice to develop, improve, and realize the excellence of athletes and teams”.

著者

川上 吉昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.5, pp.217-221, 1957-07-30 (Released:2016-12-31)

著者

矢野 裕介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13094, (Released:2014-10-13)

参考文献数

37

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This study examines the transformation of the do-waza (techniques for striking the opponent's torso) in kenjutsu motivated by a philosophy of physical education rooted in medical rationalism. This transformation was initiated with the goal of fostering balanced physical development. The study materials were do-waza-related descriptions in representative kenjutsu manuals published around 1900, and handed down from person to person. Through examination of do-waza in modern Japan, it was concluded that bujutsu-taisoho (martial art exercises) were introduced and endorsed by Unosuke Ozawa, Kenzo Nakajima, Tokuichiro Nakano, and others in their attempt to incorporate kenjutsu teaching materials into regular physical education in schools. This was the point when standard kenjutsu instruction techniques shifted from one-to-one to group-exercise instructions.   Results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows:   1.  The core contents of do-waza in representative kenjutsu textbooks published between 1884 and 1897 only describe methods for striking the migi-do (right do or right torso) but not the hidari-do (left do). Shingoro Negishi (1884) states that it is better to strike the migi-do in preference to the hidari-do, while Daijo Kameyama (1895) and Minoru Yoneoka (1897) state that only migi-do strikes are rationally acceptable from a technical perspective, whereas hidari-do strikes are strictly unacceptable.   2.  Between the late 1890s and 1900s, Unosuke Ozawa, Kenzo Nakajima, and Tokuichiro Nakano developed the bujutsu-taisoho with the aim of implementing bujutsu (martial arts, i.e., kenjutsu) as part of the regular school curriculum. This became a key opportunity to shift kenjutsu instruction from one-on-one to group instruction. Simultaneously, the training came to present do-waza methods for striking both the migi-do and the hidari-do (Ozawa, 1897; Shizuoka Prefecture Teacher's School, 1902; Nakayama/Nakano, 1906).   3.  The do-waza in the bujutsu-taisoho as proposed by Ozawa, Nakajima, and Nakano effectively gave hidari-do strikes, which had been previously rejected in the field of kenjutsu, equal standing with migi-do strikes, with the aim of achieving balanced physical development on both sides of the body. The motivation for this revised do-waza was a physical education philosophy founded upon principles of medical rationalism.

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.695-705, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the exertion of torque and motion related to the generation of mechanical energy in both hip joints during baseball batting. The participants were 98 male amateur baseball players (body height: 172.6±5.6cm, body weight: 70.3±8.1kg, age: 19.0±1.9yr, career: 11.0±2.8yr). The batting motion was recorded using a motion capture system (10cameras, 250Hz), and the ground reaction forces acting on each foot were estimated using 2 force plates (1000Hz). Hip joint angles were expressed as Euler angle of the thigh relative to the lower torso. Hip joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. Other kinetic variables–e.g. hip joint torque power, mechanical work by hip joint torque–were also calculated. The main results were as follows: 1. Throughout the analysis phase, there was no significant correlation between the bat head speed at impact and the angles of both hip joints. 2. For the hip joint on the pitcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by flexion and adduction torque was large during the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. 3. For the hip joint on the catcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by extension torque was large in the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. These results suggest that there are no differences in the kinematics of both hip joints depending on the bat head speed at impact. In addition, it is indicated that the ability to exert flexion and adduction torques for the hip joint on the pitcher side and the extension torque for the hip joint on the catcher side during baseball batting motion contribute to the generation of mechanical energy.

著者

森 克己 山田 理恵 渡邉 修希 蔭山 雅洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.276_1, 2018

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<p> 高校野球は、日本固有の形態をもつスポーツ文化である。また、高校球児=丸刈りというイメージが広く国民全般に定着している。例えば、2016年3月に開催された選抜高等学校野球大会に21世紀枠で出場し選手宣誓した小豆島高校の主将が長髪であったことが大きな話題となったように、他の競技では選手の頭髪が自由であるのに対し、野球だけが選手の頭髪は丸刈りであることが当然視されている。このことは、高野連には高校球児の頭髪を丸刈りとする明文の規定がないにもかかわらず、高校の野球部員や指導者が高校球児=丸刈りという慣習法的なルールにとらわれてきた結果であると考えられる。また、その背景には、精神の鍛練がスポーツの重要な使命であることを説いた飛田穂洲の著作の中にみられる選手の頭髪についての記述のように、野球を単なるスポーツではなく精神修養を伴う「野球道」の思想等とも関連づける考え方の存在があると言える。以上のことを前提として、本研究では、高校球児の髪型=丸刈りという慣習法が成立した経緯やその慣習法の成立構造について、文献・資料及びアンケート調査結果に基づき考察する。</p>

著者

中野 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.318-327, 1997-01-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

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In Japan spreading of skiing is said to have originated from the ski instruction of Lerch, an Austrian officer, in Takada district since January 12 in 1911. But Nagai, a professor of gymnastics in Tokyo Higher Normal School, indicated that he had done it before Lerch. Staying in Sweden to search for Swedish gymnastics from 1907, Nagai had practised skiing for the study of the physical activity of the Japanese nation. From the end of December in 1910 fell on the 3rd ski season (1910-11) since his return to Japan in early 1909, he started an action to spread skiing in the prefecture of Akita, next to Yamagata, because he got a chance to go to snow area in winter for a course in gymnastics, and after returning to Tokyo, he wrote an article introducing Swedish winter sports in the newspaper "Jijishinpoh (時事新報)" and so on, and in the next ski season (1911-12) he gave ski instruction in the north-eastern section of Japan in the first half of January in 1912. But these activities amounted to no more than an introduction of skiing, and had little influence. On the other hand, at the end of December in 1910 was the same time Nagai started his action, Takada Division started a research for popularizing skiing before Lerch arrived at his post. They accomplished its study in this ski season (1910-11), and in the next ski season (1911-12), they started an action to extend their influence all over Japan, and almost succeeded in it after holding the opening ceremony of Esshin Skiing Club (越信スキ-倶楽部) on February 11 in 1912 fell on the next month Nagai visited the north-eastern section of Japan. Though Nagai used a skiing style with two poles, Lerch's one with one pole has consequently spread in the north-eastern section of Japan.