著者
大関 達也
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, pp.1-16,69, 2002

Die Erfahrung der Differenz und der Heterogenität, die im philosophischen Postmodernismus zur epistemologischen Grundaussage vom "Ende der großen Erzählungen" komprimiert worden ist, zwingt zur kritischen Revision der humanistischen Bildung. Im 34. Salzburger Symposion (1999) ist die Frage aufgeworfen worden, wie unter der Voraussetzung von Pluralität und Relativität der Welten der Bildungsbegriff neu bestimmt werden kann. S. Hellekamps reformulierte anhand von H.-G. Gadamers >Wahrheit und Methode< den Bildungsbegriff als das Gespräch in pluralen Sinnwelten. Aber in dieser Bestimmung sollte die Frage nach der praktischen Vernunft und der Urteilskraft, die m.E. auch unter den Bedingungen der Postmoderne unvermeidbar ist, gestellt werden. In diesem Aufsatz werde ich versuchen, die von Hellekamps neu formulierte These über Bildung zu überprüfen. Dazu werde ich H.-G. Gadamers Kritik an der Aufklärung und seine Erorterungen über die humanistische Tradition rekonstruieren.<BR>Gadamers Kritik an der Aufklärung bedeutet, daß ihr unkritisches Vertrauen auf die Technik die menschliche Urteilskraft und die praktische Vernunft in unserer Zeit lähmt. Aber es kam ihm jedoch auf die Idee der Aufklärung an, auf das Selberdenken und die Bildung der Urteilskraft. Diese Idee ist als die Rhetorik, mit der Gadamer die Redekunst im sozial politischen Bereich meint, konkretisiert worden. Für Gadamer war es wichtig, etwas Abstand vom technischen Denken zu gewinnen, dem ein Vergessen der menschlichen Endlichkeit zugrunde lag, urn die rhetorische Tugend des Aufeinander-Horen-Konnens wieder zu Ehren zu bringen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß das allgemein bereits bekannte Verständnis von Gadamer als dem Vertreter der Gegenaufklärung revidiert werden sollte und daß es sich bei der als Gespräch verstandenen Bildung urn die Idee der Aufklärung handelt.
著者
植田 康夫
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
出版研究 (ISSN:03853659)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, pp.1-9, 2003

<p>In my previous review on "Reading Theory in the 1980's," being published by Shuppan Kenkyu of the issue of No. 20, I indicated the feasible possibilities of Reading Theory to make the first step toward the "Publishology." Based on the conclusion of my previous work, I survey the outline of Reading Theory from the relevant works published in the 1990's in addition to the new visions being available up to 2002. To begin with, I focus on the two very important works by Shigesato Nagamine. He had pursued the significant progress of Reading Theory in these works, and I will expand the discussion around his perspective as follows and that should be the foundation of all kinds of Reader's Theories, that is, "a social reader as a liver with body sensation." I will expand further discussion on Reading Theory with the key term of "Readers' Community," and argue about the conduct of reading through some concerned works.</p>
著者
遠藤 竜馬
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.3, pp.21-39,159, 1996

The attraction of motorsport is regarded as "speed (and thrill) ". From the perspective of motorsports players, however, this assumption involves problems. While racing drivers are attacking circuit tracks, they scarcely pay attention to the speedometer (moreover, it is often removed from racing machines). In addition, at the instant their machines reach the "top speed" on straightaways, the drivers feel relatively most relaxed; they aren't competing in a "sport". This fact makes us suspicious of the the universe of meaning/discourse that reduces motorsport to "speed".<br> Early motorsport greatly contributed to the development of motorization. It represented people's "desire for speed". From Luhmann's system theory, this relationship is interpreted as a sort of "symbiotic mechanism"; the organic foundation of social systems. On the other hand, however, the automobile society is characterized by the inhibition of speed. The antinomy of inspiration and inhibition was a result of the differentiation of the universe of meaning into two distinctive spheres, namely the "symbolism of safety" and that "of speed". The former is the "perverted" perspective of the traffic law/police. It identifies itself with the symbol "safety" and only rhetorically accuses the "diabolic" side of speed in blindness to the reality of traffic risk. The latter is the "opposite" of the former. It identifies itself with the symbol "speed" and also forgets risk. Each symbolism is the negative image or "double" of the other and mutually amplifies its own perversion by utilizing the opposite as the "catalyzer".<br> This dichotomy is the very mechanism that enables motorization. The most drastic effect of this maneuver is the "creation" of the "desire for speed". This anthropological category is indeed a construct of the universe of meaning differentiated into both symbolisms, which is, based on Luhmann's theory, a "self-referential system".
著者
畑 浩人
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
法社會學 (ISSN:04376161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, pp.213-218,246, 1997

In Japan that has the smaller population of the legal profession and its poor specialization, the presence of specialized criminal lawyers has been overlooked. For they are mostly ex-prosecutors and seen as the second rate lawyers in the private practice.<br>But recently a few radical lawyers also take part in the field of the criminal defense of yakuza and illicit drug traffickers. They, new comers, hold the more adversarial style that has sprung from the techniques for the defense of labor union or radical activists.<br>So now there is the division of labor in the territory of the specialized criminal defense. Depending mainly on their carreer and their clients' budgets, each specialist holds his own practical style.<br>This specialization promotes the development of the expertise at the upper level. At the lower level, specialists who deal with a lot of dirty work which general practioners gave up, contributes to the prestige of the legal profession as a whole and the administration of criminal justice.
著者
武田 一郎
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
地理学評論. Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.8, pp.512-525, 1997-08
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
4

茨城県勝田市那珂海岸における2年間(1980年8月28日~1982年8月30日)の地形測量と波のデータを用い,後浜上限の位置と高度に関する検討を行った.バーが波に対してフィルターの役目を果たすため,また,汀線直前の水深を規定するステップ基部水深に限度があるたあに,汀線砕波の最大波高には限度がある.その結果,沖合い段階での暴浪の規模が異なっても,波の遡上限界地点に大きな差が生ずることはない.したがって,その地点に一致する後浜上限の位置はかなり安定したものとなる.<br> この後浜上限の高度は海浜堆積物の粒径が粗くなるほど大きくなる.これは,沖合いの暴浪特性が同じであっても,海浜堆積物の粒径が粗ければ汀線砕波波高が大きくなり,その結果,波の遡上限界高度が大きくなるためである.その理由は,海浜堆積物の粒径が粗いほど波に対してフィルターの効果を有するバーが発達しにくくなり,また,最大の汀線砕波波高を規定するステップ基部水深が大きくなるためである.
著者
横田 賀英子 渡辺 昭一 渡邉 和美
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.1, pp.21-33, 2002

<p>本研究では,我が国で過去に発生した人質立てこもり事件87件を分析し,犯人の投降に影響を与えた状況要因について検討した.その結果,以下のことが明らかとなった.</p><p>1 事件中に,犯人が人質を死傷させた場合には,犯人が投降する確率が低かった.</p><p>2 発生場所が建物内である場合,犯人がマスコミ報道を要求している場合,犯人と人質問に会話があった場合には,犯人が投降した確率が高かった.</p><p>3 立てこもり事件の終結においては,犯人の投降もしくは立てこもり継続への意思決定と,警察の強行制圧もしくは交渉継続の意思決定の双方が影響していたことが示唆された.</p><p>本研究の結果により,我が国における過去の人質立てこもり事件において,どのような状況要因が,犯人の投降に影響したのかが,明らかになった.今後は,犯人,警察,人質問のダイナミックスについて,さらに研究を進める必要がある.</p>
著者
酒川 茂
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
新地理 (ISSN:05598362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.1-19, 1997
被引用文献数
2

The purpose of this study is to examine the adult education system from the viewpoint of location and utilization of adult education centres and secondary schools in the U. K. The author intends to compare the adult education programmes, which are related to the urban environments and the locations of the centres in the boroughs of Camden and Kingston upon Thames in London. The centres are classified in two categories; centres only for adult education but originally for other uses, i. e. secon dary schools, ccolleges, libraries, community centres and so on. The subjects offered in the programmes are classified to seven categories; liberal studies, health & sports, foreign languages, test preparation, specialized studies, technical studies and basic skills. The questionnaire survey with respect to after-hours use of secondary schools was given to them and the user's groups in the boroughs. The results are as follows:<br>There are over 35 adult education centres in Camden and 16 in Kingston upon Thames. In Camden, all of the centres were originally for another use; Kingsway College. In Kingston upon Thames, there are 6 centres only for adult education authorized by Kingston Community Education (KCE), Other centres were originally for other uses; 5 for KCE, 2 for Kingston College and 3 for Kingston University.<br>About half of all subjects consists of technical studies and liberal studies in both boroughs. With regard to the location of the centres, there are many subjects such as technical studies and basic skills in north Camden, and there are many subjects such as liberal studies and test preparation in south Camden. In Kingston upon Thames, the curriculum is not so different between various areas in the borough. However, with regard to the 3 authorities, KCE, Kingston College and Kingston University, each imposes a variety of courses. There are many subjects such as liberal studies, health & sports and foreign languages in KCE, test preparation, technical studies at Kingston College, and specialized studies at Kingston University.<br>Within KCE, the number of subjects offered was 1, 182 in 1995/96. There was a wide variety of subjects in all centres, even in small evening centres. From the course timetable, over half of the subjects (637) were provided in the evening (after 18:00).<br>There were 347 subjects in the morning, and 195 in the afternoon. This means that the evening time is important for many students.<br>From the results of the questionnaire survey, secondary schools let out many kinds of facilities (everything except school libraries). Generally, school managers' main concern was not local help for the courses, bututhe maintenance of facilities, especially against violence. Many users' groups answered that than ratio of members who live beyond walking distance to school is larger than within walking distance. In many cases, users' groups rent classrooms, halls and gymnasiums because of the low rental price and their familiarity with schools. It is considered that the location and utilization of secondary school facilities are important for the provision of adult education in local areas.