著者

横田 晋大 中西 大輔

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.75-82, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

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Previous research has shown that ingroup cooperation tends to flourish in intergroup conflict situations. However, the free-rider problem remains unsolved, even in intergroup conflict situations. In this study, based on multi-group selection theory and cultural-group selection theory, we hypothesized that conformity (frequency-dependent behavior) may contribute to enhancing ingroup cooperation. The results of an evolutionary simulation revealed that ingroup cooperation and conformity can evolve in situations of intergroup conflict. When such conflict is mild, agents who cooperate with ingroup members and adjust their behavior to ingroup cooperation rates facilitate cooperation in their own group. However, no effect of conformity on ingroup cooperation was observed during intense intergroup conflict, even though conformity continued to evolve. We discuss the implications of these results and suggest avenues for future research.

著者

石井 国雄 沼崎 誠

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.24-30, 2011-08-25 (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

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It has been shown that people under threat to self-worth exhibit negative implicit attitudes toward minority outgroups (e.g., African Americans in North America) (Spencer, Fein, Wolfe, & Dunn, 1998). But it has not been shown that people under such threat exhibit negative implicit attitudes toward outgroups which are not likely to be negatively evaluated (e.g., women). We conducted an experiment to examine whether male participants under threat to self-worth would exhibit implicit ingroup bias related to gender by using Implicit Association Tests (IATs.) Participants received either self-image threatening feedback about initial tests or no feedback (threat vs. non-threat). They then completed gender attitude IATs. The results showed that participants exhibited stronger implicit ingroup biases related to gender in the threat condition than in the nonthreat condition. The role of threat to self-worth in men's implicit gender attitude is discussed.

著者

菅 さやか 唐沢 穣

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.180-188, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-08)

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Recent studies have demonstrated that stereotypical expectations result in biases not only in memories and judgments, but in language use as well. The present study examined the effects of communicative contexts on verbal expressions of stereotype-relevant information. In order to do this, we developed a new linguistic index for content analyses, involving stereotypic representations. In our experiment undergraduate students were presented with behavioral descriptions of either an ingroup, or an out-group member, and were asked to describe their impressions. The stimulus information given to the students included both stereotype-consistent, and inconsistent cases. Results showed that the out-group member was described in more stereotype-consistent, abstract terms, than the in-group member. This was interpreted as higher tendency of bias against the out-group. Ultimately, the newly developed index was found to be useful in identifying dispositional expressions that are peculiar to the Japanese language. Finally, implications for the study of stereotypes as collectively shared representations are discussed.

著者

小林 哲郎 池田 謙一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.58-71, 2006-08-25 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

1

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The development of social capital in an online community was investigated by creating survey data of online game players. The results showed that the frequency of collective communication, the homogeneity of members, and the openness of the online community had positive effects on trust, while the size of community and community hierarchy had negative effects. This shows that participation in online communities can create social capital. Furthermore, the results showed that online social capital influences real-life behavior. For example, reciprocity online facilitated offline social participation, even after controlling for offline social capital and other real-life determinants. These results demonstrate the positive contribution of collective online communication to a democratic social system.

著者

古屋 健

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.165-174, 1991-03-20 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

2

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Lies are considered one of the most important impression management strategies. This study tested the hypothesis that the greater one's skills in, and concern for, impression manegement are, the more likely one is to lie. Ninety-six university students were asked to rate their willingness to lie in 20 lying episodes in which each depicted a person lying in a specific situation. Skills in and concern for impression management were measured by the Machiavellianism scale, self-monitoring scale, revised self-monitoring scale, concerns for appropriateness scale, and social skills scale. The lying episodes were divided into 6 clusters by a oblique component cluster analysis. The relations between the 6 cluster scores and the scale scores were examined by multiple regression analyses. Results showed that cluster scores had significant correlations with one or some of scale scores in 4 clusters. For instance, Machiavellianism scale scores were positively related to the clusters scores in 2 clusters that comprised situations where lying led to personal benefits.

著者

清水 裕士 大坊 郁夫

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.295-304, 2007-03-20 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

3

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This study had two main purposes. The first was to clarify the relationship between structure of interaction and stability of romantic relationships, and the second was to compare the effect of the total intimacy level of a couple with the individual levels of intimacy using a pairwise correlation analysis in order to determine a couple's interdependency. Questionnaires were completed by 59 couples (college students in romantic relationships). The feature of interaction structure was measured by the frequency, strength, and diversity of interactions, while the stability of a relationship was measured by satisfaction, commitment, and prospects of a continued relationship. The pairwise correlation analysis separated the correlation of the couple level from the individual level. The results indicated that the stability of relationships was affected by the degree of diversity of interaction at the couple level, and by the strength of interaction at the individual level. Finally, we discussed the function of relationship stability, showing the degree of diversity and strength of interaction.

著者

村上 史朗

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.78-79, 2009-08-31 (Released:2017-02-20)

著者

川嶋 伸佳 大渕 憲一 熊谷 智博 浅井 暢子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.63-74, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

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Although public concern about social inequality has increased, Japanese people generally do not appear to be actively engaged in activities for social reform. We hypothesized multiple levels in the perception of unfairness-micro-unfairness based on personal experiences and macro-unfairness based on evaluation toward the whole of society-and predicted that micro-unfairness would lead to more protests compared to macrounfairness (H1). We also hypothesized that three psychological variables-immutability belief, low social efficacy, and estimated costs of social changes-would regulate the positive relationship between multiple levels of perceptions of unfairness and protests (H2). The results of the social survey held in Japan in 2009 (n = 1398) not only supported H1 but found that the effects of micro-unfairness on protests varied depending on the strength of macro-unfairness. In addition, the results of immutability belief and the estimated costs of social changes basically supported H2, but the results of low social efficacy did not.

著者

柿本 敏克

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.94-104, 1995-12-15 (Released:2016-12-04)

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The purpose of the studies was to investigate the effects of group membership on the evaluations of ingroup and outgroup others, and to explore the potentially mediating effect of a personal trait. The "contextualism" was examined as the personal trait since this was hypothesized to concern the degree to which group membership is integrated into one's self concept-the central issue of the idea of social identity. A preliminary study examined validity and reliability of a scale to tap this individual difference with the previous (n = 3883) and new data (n = 99). In the main study, 46 subjects participated in a minimal group experiment after answering the contextualism scale. The primary dependent measures were evaluative ratings of anonymous people and their writings from ingroup and outgroup. On the whole, evaluative ingroup bias was evident. While the degree of ingroup bias was positively related to the contextualism for person evaluation, no such relation was found for writings evaluation. Mechanisms to produce ingroup bias were discussed.

著者

松島 公望 林 明明 荒川 歩

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1730, (Released:2019-10-21)

参考文献数

38

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This study examined the relationship between Christian religious consciousness (CFC) and subjective well-being for Japanese Christians. Members of the Roman Catholic Church (status of denomination: Believers, n=58; Leaders, n=61) and of the A subgroup of the Holiness Church (status of denomination: Believers, n=646; leaders, n=102) participated in the research. Based on factor analysis, we developed a scale of CFC that contained three factors: “Christian doctrine-based belief,” “norms of religious activities,” and “relationship with other church members.” Hierarchical multiple regression analysis on CFC and subjective well-being showed that the people who had high “Christian doctrine-based belief” or a high “relationship with other church members” have high subjective well-being, and that they were partially influenced by subjective well-being among denominations. However well-being was not influenced by status of denomination. These results indicate that subjective well-being rests largely on CFC, although a small portion of it rests on the type of denomination.

著者

吉田 綾乃 浦 光博 黒川 正流

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.144-151, 2004-11-22 (Released:2017-01-14)

被引用文献数

3

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In this study, the authors have paid attention to people's reactions to others' self-derogative presentation. Study 1 indicated that people have the script that a self-derogative presentation would elicit a denial response, such as "I don't think so," from the receivers. Moreover, it was also suggested that the derogator has the tendency to believe that the receiver's reaction has an effect of either maintaining or enhancing self-evaluation. Study 2 suggested that the Japanese would make self-derogative presentations, not only on the basis of interpersonal motivations, but also on the basis of self-affirmative motivations. The necessity of examining the details of the effects of self-derogation and the receivers' reactions was discussed.

著者

白岩 祐子 小林 麻衣子 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.41-51, 2016-08-25 (Released:2016-08-25)

参考文献数

44

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In desperation to learn the details of their case and to achieve the right to know, the families of crime victims in Japan have been taking action to implement the victim participant system in criminal trials. Focusing on the victim participant system, which began in 2008, the present study examined whether or not family members of victims who actually participated in criminal trials felt that their demands to know were fulfilled through the process. We administered a survey targeting 173 individuals whose family member has been the victim of a crime such as murder. The results revealed that their demands were fulfilled as they had expected only when they participated in the trial. Furthermore, we found that such sufficiency level led to their satisfaction with the justice system, while insufficient fulfillment of demands led to an increase in people’s willingness to act toward changing the system. We discussed the social consequences of judicially guaranteeing a victim’s right to know.

著者

嶋 信宏

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.45-53, 1992-02-25 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

7

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social support in Japanese university students (male=220, female= 204), that is, both a main effect (direct effect) on psychological well-being and a buffering effect against daily life stress. A stress measure consists of four subscales, and a social support measure is designed with subscales measuring three support sources, family support, same sex friends support, and opposite sex friends support. In male students, same sex friends support had a main effect, and the other two subscales had no main effects and had buffering effects only against existential stress. In female students, all subscales had main effects, and family support had an inverse buffering effect that had a relation between social support and psychological well-being under low stress, not under high stress.

著者

堀川 佑惟 岡 隆

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.85-93, 2018-11-30 (Released:2018-12-15)

参考文献数

36

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We attempted to develop and validate the Japanese 20-item version of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG-J20) based on the original scale developed by Herek (1988). The ATLG-J20 consisted of 20 statements, 10 about lesbians (ATL-J Subscale) and 10 about gay men (ATG-J Subscale), and respondents indicated their levels of agreement or disagreement with those statements. The results showed that ATL-J and ATG-J have factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity. Moreover, the correlations between those subscales and social desirability responses were not significant. Although there was no significant correlation between those subscales and implicit attitudes, it was suggested that ATLG-J20 is a valid scale as an explicit measure.

著者

榊原 良太

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.163-173, 2017-03-31 (Released:2017-04-07)

参考文献数

37

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Recent studies have given attention to and have investigated factors that moderate the effect of emotion regulation strategies. This study examined whether cognitive appraisal of a situation moderates the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological health via a one-week longitudinal study. At Time 1, participants were asked about the most stressful situation at that time and how they appraised it. At Time 2, they were asked what kind of cognitive emotion regulation strategies they used during the previous week to cope with the stress. The result indicated that when centrality, which is a factor of cognitive appraisal, was high, rumination and catastrophizing predicted higher anxiety, whereas when centrality was low, blaming others predicted lower anxiety. Moreover, when commitment, which is also a factor of cognitive appraisal, was high, blaming others predicted lower well-being, whereas when commitment was low, positive refocusing predicted higher well-being. This study revealed that how people appraise a situation moderates the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological health.

著者

坂田 桐子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.57, 2011-08-25 (Released:2017-02-22)

著者

川浦 康至 山下 清美 川上 善郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.133-143, 1999-03-31 (Released:2016-12-14)

被引用文献数

3

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Thies research was conducted to examine the psychological implications of the people who post their diaries on the internet (i.e., Webdiaries). Web diary authors, compared with normal diary authors, are thought to feel better function of self-disclosure and interpersonal communication. Out of 1,529 surveyed subjects 377 valid responses (24.7%) were received. As a result, our hypothesis, "the higher their self-consciousness are, or the more positive feedback they received, the higher they value their diaries, increasing level of gratification and intention to continue the Web diary" was basically verified. To write a web diary is a kind of opportunity to develop communication with others. In conclusion, writing a Web diary is an act of self-recognition through communication with others.

著者

林 幸史 小杉 考司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1627, (Released:2018-06-15)

参考文献数

29

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This study attempted to investigate the differences in tourists’ perceptions of destination images based on their past travel experiences. Tourism research suggests that past travel experiences affect present tourist behavior in terms of travel career and number of visits. In this study, we consider the tourist as a person seeking mastery through travel experiences and use measures of guest experience from 47 prefectures in Japan. Five hundred respondents living in Osaka were asked to complete a questionnaire via the Internet. Respondents had to identify 10 destination images and write about their travel experiences in as many of the 47 prefectures as they had visited. The main results were as follows: (1) respondents were classified into four clusters according to their travel experiences, (2) tourists who had traveled to more prefectures had an image of the destination based on geographical location and destination characteristics, and (3) tourists who had previously visited a particular destination and had been to more prefectures had a clear image of the destination. Based on these results, the process through which tourists develop expertise was discussed.

著者

高橋 知里 山岸 俊男 橋本 博文

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.113-120, 2009-11-30 (Released:2017-02-20)

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We tested a hypothesis that responses to the Singelis' (1994) interdependent self scale would be enhanced after being exposed to an "exclusion game" -a social dilemma game with an option for excluding uncooperative members. Thirty-nine participants were assigned to one of two conditions. In the self-presentation condition, participants were told that their responses to the interdependence scale would be revealed to other participants after the experiment. In the control condition, participants were assured that their responses would be anonymous. The average interdependence score increased after experiencing the exclusion game in the self-presentation condition, and decreased in the control condition. These findings show that people come to present themselves to others as being more interdependent after being exposed to a social situation in which they face a threat of rejection from their peers.

著者

村上 幸史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.11-24, 2002

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In Japan, the term "strength of luck" (as directly translated from Japanese) commonly refers to a fixed dispositional trait. In order to gain a more concrete understanding of the usage of the term "strength of luck," a questionnaire was designed and survey conducted of subjects to study the belief that some people have "strong luck" and others have "weak luck." The results showed that people who see themselves as having "strong luck" differ from those who see themselves as having "weak luck" in that : 1. They believe that they have many "lucky" experiences and few "unlucky" experiences. 2. Most of these "lucky" experiences occurred in "important situations." There was no difference between people who see themselves as having "strong luck" and those who see themselves as having "weak luck" when the occurrence probability of the event was considered low from the start. 3. They think that their "strength of luck" is correlated with their amount of effort. 4. It wasquite rare for them to make social comparisons. On the other hand, according to these results, people who see themselves as having "weak luck" don't necessarily feel they have few successful experiences in daily life, nor did they feel helpless. It was concluded that how one interprets one's own "strength of luck" is based on particular "lucky" and/or "unlucky" experiences.