著者
山本 剛 井上 正文
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.724, pp.959-969, 2016 (Released:2016-06-30)
参考文献数
18

An eruption of Mt. Ontake on September 27, 2014, which was small scale stream eruption with about 500,000 ton volcanic products, caused 47 deaths and 6 missing. Though volcanoes take on serious aspect in actively in Japan, the concern with the effect of falling of volcanic ash in huge eruption to buildings has been growing. A large volume of ash fall can destroy a building or lead to a catastrophe causing tragic loss of human life. It is important to understand of a characteristic of sliding of volcanic ash depositing on the roof to estimate an amount of accumulation of volcanic ash on the roof. The aim of the present work is to observe behavior of volcanic ash on pitched roof and to understand the basic characteristics of the sliding of volcanic ash on the roof using a model testing. The model testing was carried out using a roof model consisted of two components: one was a roof and another was a supporting structure that held up the roof. These two components were jointed each other with a pin-connected which allowed the roof rotate and replace the roof to another type of roofs; an opposite side of the joint was connected to a crane attached on a ceiling in a laboratory. Four types of roof were prepared to investigate an effect of surface roughness of roof materials and shape of a surface of the roofs on the sliding. The types of roof covers were cement tile, plane Galvalume steel plate, plane Galvalume steel plate with straight line roofing and Galvalume steel plate with seven steel plates substituted for snow steps. The sliding of volcanic ash on the roof could be occurred when the crane pulled a free end of the roof upward. The pitch of the roof was increased until the falling of volcanic ash depositing on the roof was observed and a drop amount of the volcanic ash from a roof and a pitch of a roof were measured when the sliding of the volcanic ash stopped. Two kinds of volcanic ash which were spouted from Mt. Sakurajima in 2014 and from Mt. Shinmoedake in 2011 were accumulated on the roofs. Each roof had a unique characteristic of sliding of volcanic ash when a drop amount of the volcanic ash from the roof reached to same value. This result suggested that the sliding of volcanic ash on the roof depended on surface roughness of roof material and shape of a surface of the roof. A trapezoid model which approximated to a cross-section shape of volcanic ash on the roof was developed to calculate an angle of a slope φ of the volcanic ash which was a value of the angle of slope when the sliding was over. The angle of a slope φ was closed to an angle of internal friction when the pitch of roof was small; it gradually decreased close to 70% of an initial value. A pitch of the roof θMAX which was maximal angle that the volcanic ash could accumulate was calculated by extrapolation of the angle of a slope φ. The values were in the range of 21° to 26°. This result suggested that sliding would occur and could cause serious damage to buildings in huge eruption. These results indicated that the sliding of the volcanic ash would be one of issues in volcanic disaster prevention in Japan and the angle of a slope φ could be main factor to understand the sliding. Further research on angle of a slope φ was needed to clarify the characteristics of the sliding.
著者
Diego SAROTTI Roberto RABOZZI Paolo FRANCI
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.15-0661, (Released:2016-06-23)
被引用文献数
5

The aim of this prospective, randomized clinical trial was to compare the total number of anesthetic interventions (TNAI) performed by the anesthetist to treat cardiovascular depression or arousal/movement episodes in dogs receiving intrathecal and general anesthesia (GA), maintained using propofol-based TIVA (group P) or isoflurane (group I). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) before (T0) and 12 min after intrathecal anesthesia (T1) and intraoperative vasoactive consumption were also compared. The TNAI to deepen the anesthetic plane or to treat hemodynamic depression in the pre-surgical and intra-surgical period was calculated in forty-two client-owned dogs randomly assigned to group P or I. Ten dogs for each group complied with the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. In pre-surgical period, the TNAI was higher in Group I [2 (0–5)] than Group P [0 (0–2)] (P=0.022), and ephedrine consumption was also higher in Group I [75 (0–200) µg/kg)] than Group P [(0 (0–50)] (P=0.016). MAP (mmHg) in Group P was 79 (66–95) at T0 and 65 (59–86) at T1 and 67.5 (50–73) and 57 (53–66) in Group I, respectively. At T0 and T1, MAP was higher in Group P (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). No differences were found between the two groups in the intrasurgical period (P>0.05). This study shows that the GA protocol can have a relevant impact on the TNAI performed by the anesthetist in the pre-surgical period of anesthesia, to treat cardiovascular depression or arousal/movement episodes in dogs receiving intrathecal anesthesia.
著者
原田 和記
出版者
獣医疫学会
雑誌
獣医疫学雑誌 (ISSN:13432583)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.2, pp.85-90, 2015-12-20 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
11

In this time, I reviewed epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from companion animals. In Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. relatively frequently exhibited resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Most of the ESC-resistant isolates harbored extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Some of the ESBL-producing isolates were genetically related and detected in specific veterinary hospitals. On the other hand, more than half of Proteus mirabilis isolates were susceptible to the tested antimicrobials. Most of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were highly susceptible against most of antipseudomonal drugs, except for fluoroquinolones. In Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, methicillin-resistant isolates, exhibiting resistance against multiple drugs, become prevalent, especially in secondary medical hospital. In Enterococci, isolates from animals with antimicrobial exposure were more resistant to several antimicrobials, compared with those without antimicrobial exposure. Overall, in companion animals, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius have been prevalent and, thus continuous monitoring would be needed to understand the trend of these antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
著者
水谷 文宣
出版者
関東学院大学経済研究所
雑誌
経済系 : 関東学院大学経済学会研究論集 (ISSN:02870924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.265, pp.29-34, 2015-10

南アフリカの民間非営利組織では募金が横領されてしまいそれに伴う監査手続が不可能なことから,監査意見が限定付適正意見になってしまうという問題がみられる。南アフリカにはかつてのアパルトヘイトの影響により治安が悪いという横領を含む犯罪の背景があり,そして民間非営利組織が横領を回避できていない原因は社会福祉省の失策にあった。改善策としては,ファンドレイジングをプロフェッショナル・ファンドレイザーに代行してもらうことにより,横領をなくして監査手続を実施可能にするという方法が考えられる。
著者
三澤 勝衞
出版者
天文同好會
雑誌
天界 = The heavens
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.15, pp.40-43, 1922-01-25
著者
近畿大学中央図書館
雑誌
図書館だより = Tosyokan Dayori
巻号頁・発行日
no.141, pp.1-4, 2016-07-07
著者
高橋 美知子 TAKAHASHI Michiko
巻号頁・発行日
2008-03-25 (Released:2008-04-16)

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 博士(心理学)(課程)学位授与年月日:平成20年3月25日
著者
郭 薇
巻号頁・発行日
2014-03-25

Hokkaido University(北海道大学). 博士(法学)
著者
弓場 大夢 渡邉 慎二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会
雑誌
日本デザイン学会研究発表大会概要集 日本デザイン学会 第63回研究発表大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.21, 2016 (Released:2016-06-30)

一側性難聴者とは片側の耳のみに明らかな聴覚障害を抱える人々を指す。一般的に日常生活での支障はないと思われているが、特有の3つの困難によって潜在的に精神的な負担を感じている人々は多い。近年、新生児聴覚スクリーニング検査の普及により同様の症状を持つ新生児の発見率が高まっていることを考慮すると一側性難聴は軽視できるような症状ではない。それにも関わらず、片側のみの聴覚障害では法律上障害者手帳をもらうことができない。そのため一側性難聴者へ向けたサポート製品市場は不安定であり、研究は進められていない。本研究では、特有の3つの困難の中でも現状解決できていない音源定位の困難に焦点をあてたサポート製品として、ユーザーへ向けられた「危険音」と「コミュニケーション音」を分析し、それぞれに対応した2種類の異なる振動を後頸部から両肩にかけて選定した4つの箇所へ伝える音源定位サポート製品を提案した。振動の種類で音源の特徴を、振動する箇所で音源の位置を直感的に把握できる。本提案は一側性難聴者だけでなく、両耳難聴者やイヤホン装着時の健聴者にとっても使用価値のあるものとすることができた。
著者
森下 奈美 永井 由佳里 森田 純哉 ゲオルギエフ ゲオルギ V.
出版者
Japanese Society for the Science of Design
雑誌
日本デザイン学会研究発表大会概要集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.56, 2012 (Released:2012-06-11)

本研究では触感を通じてガラスから抱く印象を探ることを目的とし,より詳細にガラスから抱く印象を探るため2つの実験を行った.実験1はガラスの表面加工,見た目による印象の変化を探るものである.ここでは,被験者に5種類のガラスサンプルに触らせ,抱いた印象や想像したことを発話してもらった.収集した発話を元に発話内容の分類,潜在イメージを抽出しサンプルごとに比較した.実験2ではタッチパネルを使用し,同一素材上での触り方や操作感による印象の変化を分析した.利き手(利き手・非利き手),触り方(指先・3本指・母指球・関節・親指)を変えて課題に取り組ませ,タスク前後に印象評価を行った.タスクの成績とアンケートの結果を総合し,被験者の抱いた印象を探った.結果,実験1からは,表面加工により幅広い印象を与え,曲線・曲面の加工により硬いガラスからも柔らかさを感じさせる可能性があることが確認された.実験2から,同一素材でも状況によって印象が変わることが確認された.今後,サンプルにより細かな加工を施したり,タスクを変更させて,触覚的な印象を詳細に分析することで,触り心地に影響を与える要因の解明につながると考えられる.