著者
田中 邦雄 佐野 文男 阿部 善右衛門
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生体医工学会
雑誌
医用電子と生体工学 (ISSN:00213292)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.2, pp.81-89, 1974-04-30 (Released:2011-03-09)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
1

Several papers on the applications of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique-for the biological measurements have been published since the first proposal of the NMR blood flowmeter by Bowman. However, the problems arising inherently from the non-invasive measurements of the specified area in the body were not discussed in these papers. The authors proposed previously the magnetic focusing technique as one of the new approaches and discussed some problems related to this technique.In this paper, some basic problems of the applications of NMR for the non-invasive measurements are discussed and the fundamental properties affecting the measuring sensitivity attained by the magnetic focusing technique is analyzed. The problems treated and the obtained results are as follows : 1) The relations among parameters such as relaxation times and radio frequency magnetic field which influence the measuring sensitivity are experimentally analyzed.2) The distributions of RF magnetic field inside or outside the transmitter coil are theoretically calculated. Approximate values of relaxation time of 1-2 sec. and 0.1-1 sec. are experimentally obtained respectively with the various body fluids and tissues of the dog and the human. Philosophy of choosing the appropriate parameters are discussed based on these results by taking the saturation factor in Bloch's equation and the measuring sensitivity into account.3) Application for the tumor detection is discussed and the differences of 20% and 200% in relaxation time between normal and cancer cases are experimentally obtained respectively with the tissues from the stomach and the breast. Further, it has been found that the relation between hematocrit of blood and its relaxation time was linear.4) The deterioration of signal output by body tissues is examined by a model experiment. According to this experiment, it is shown that the deterioration of S/N ratio was equal to approximately 30%, at f = 60 MHz.5) From above results, in the case of applying our proposed magnetic focusing technique, the resolution or the minimally detectable volume of water in the typical organs by S/N of unity at resonance frequency of 60 MHz should be about 0.3 ml.
著者
阿部 善右衛門 田中 邦雄 堀田 正生
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.3, pp.290-297, 1974-06-30 (Released:2009-03-27)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1

The possibilities for the measurements of the blood flow and water contents in the human body by NMR techniques have been analyzed during the last four years. A new technique for this purpose is proposed as one of the new approaches.This paper will deal with the following four topics connected with our past studies for noninvasive testing of biological materials.(1) Proposal of magnetic focusing techniques and generation of the focusing field.(2) Deterioration of the signal level originating frcm the loose coupling between the measuring target and the detector, and minimum limit for measurements of the stationary body fluid utilizing steady NMR.(3) Improvement on the blood flowmeter utilizing pulse NMR.(4) Measurement of the stationary body fluid utilizing pulse NMR.For non-invasive measurements of the nuclear magnetic substances distributed in the human body, a new approach is proposed by utilizing the magnetic focusing technique on the measuring target. And several methods for generating this magnetic focus are discussed theoretically. Moreover, the degree of inevitable deterioration of the signal from the focus induced by a loose coupling between the target in the body and the detector on its surface is calculated theoretically.Theoretical estimations of a new blood flowmeter are shown by taking advantages of the tag effect by radio frequency pulse on the blood flow.For this improvement of the blood flowmeter, the techniques are explained to estimate the pseudo-signal intensity originating from the neighbouring tissues around the blood vessel. A method similar to blood flowmetry can also be applicable to detect the stationary body fluids with some modifications.And some simple assumptions of the minimum limit of detectability are summarized from the view point of bio-medical applications.In conclusion, the authors are able to explain a few considerations and theoretical prospects on these applications of NMR.
著者
高橋 ひとみ/川端 秀仁/衞藤 隆
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)
巻号頁・発行日
no.45, pp.89-110, 2014-03-28

Children are given visual acuity tests at school. The purpose of the tests is to facilitate school education. There are two types of visual acuity: far- and near-vision visual acuity. Far-vision visual acuity is required, for example, when reading something written on a whiteboard in a classroom. On the other hand, near-vision visual acuity is needed when reading textbooks, notebooks, or when looking at computer screens. However, only far-vision visual acuity tests are typically included in medical examinations at public schools. We believe that a near-vision visual acuity test is necessary, and so in this paper we analyze some basic data about the relationship between children's near-vision visual acuity and their learning efficiency. For the purposes of the paper, we examined both far-vision and near-vision visual acuity, refraction test, questionnaire survey of children at an elementary school. We found that approximately20% of the children had poor, near-vision visual acuity. In addition,8% of the children had only poor near-vision visual acuity. We further found that children with poor far- and near-vision acuity had more learning difficulties compared with children of normal visual acuity. Among children with learning difficulties, the percentage of children with poor far-vision acuity was the same as that of children with poor near-vision acuity. Children whose far-vision visual acuity is found to be lacking are given remedial treatment. We therefore strongly recommend the addition of near-vision visual acuity tests in public schools so that children found to have near-vision acuity problems can be given treatment too. We have to carry out near-vision visual acuity tests and guarantee all children an opportunity to learn.
著者
江口 潤
出版者
産業能率大学
雑誌
産業能率大学紀要 (ISSN:18812171)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, pp.33-49, 2011-09-08
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経エレクトロニクス (ISSN:03851680)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1044, pp.134-137, 2010-11-29

新しい幹部が着任し,「SYNCを正式に製品化する」という決定が下ったことで,米Ford Motor Co.の開発チームの士気は一気に高まった。SYNCは柔軟性の高い車載情報システム向けのプラットフォームであり,これを用いれば旧態依然の開発体制から抜け出せるためだ。
著者
秋濃 俊郎 中谷 友樹 豊永 昌彦
出版者
近畿大学
雑誌
近畿大学生物理工学部紀要 = Memoirs of the School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology of Kinki University (ISSN:13427202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.49-62, 2004-09-30

標準セル方式に基づく大規模集積回路のセル配置処理は、概略配置と詳細配置から構成される。概略配置では、セルの大まかな位置が決められ、詳細配置へ重要な影響を与える。前稿では、シミュレーテッド・アニーリング(SA)法による概略配置のコンピュータ実験により約12,000〜69,000個のセル数を持つ8種のベンチマーク回路を用いて座標精度について詳細に調べ、「約2.5個×平均セル横幅」のスロット幅において総配線長のコスト関数が最小になることを見出した。この結論は、SA法による最適化で、特にセルの初期概略配置(以降、初期配置と言う)で限定されたシミュレーション条件下のものであった。本稿では、約67,000〜69,000個とトップ3となる最大規模のセル数を持つベンチマーク回路に限定し、初期配置、初期温度、温度冷却スケジュール、Metropolis's Monte-Carlo(MMC)法の回数、熱平衡への繰り返し回数など全てのシミュレーション条件を変化させて再度詳細にSA法によるコンピュータ実験を行い、この最適なスロット幅と最終コストがほぼ変わらないことを示した。結果として特に初期温度に関しては、かなり低温からコンピュータ実験を行っても最適な最終解が得られた。また、各ベンチマーク回路で用いられているセル横幅が大きいトップ2から9の平均セル横幅が、コスト改善を妨げる第一要因であると結論付けられる。更に、他のシミュレーション条件の最終解への影響について論ずる。
著者
岡田 美智男 鈴木 紀子 石井 和夫 犬童 早苗
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SP, 音声
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.338, pp.37-43, 1997-10-23
被引用文献数
2

日常での雑談などにおける発話には, (1)「意味を伝える」機能と, (2) お互いの発話に対して「意味を与えあう」機能とがいつも同居している. あるいは, 「伝えようとして伝わること」と相手の応答との重なりの中で「事後的に意味や役割が出現すること」とが同居している. これまでの行為遂行的な, 情報伝達的な側面を重視した対話研究では, 「伝えようとして伝わること」について主に検討されており, 後者の側面に対しては十分に議論が尽くされていない. 本稿では, 様々な発話の重なりの中で新たな意味を発現させうる「多声性を帯びた発話」の存在に着目し, その多声性に富んだコミュニケーション, すなわち「雑談」の成り立ちについて考察する. また, この多声的な関わりや間身体的な場の形成に着目しながら, 共同想起対話におけるユニゾン的な同時発話の現象の意味について考える.
著者
Habe Tadashige
出版者
瀨戸臨海実驗所
雑誌
PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY (ISSN:00372870)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.1, pp.33-50, 1953-07-30

This is the second of a series of papers dealing with the Fissurellid fauna of Japan. Part I (HABE, Illust. Cat. Jap. Shells, 17, pp. 109-120, 1951) contained the genera Macroschisma, Scutus, Zeidora, Rimula, Fissurisepta and Puncturella. The part given here reports on the species of the genera Emarginula, Laeviemarginula, Emarginella, Tugali, Tugalina, Mont!ortula and Montfortia.
著者
平井 俊榮
出版者
駒澤大学
雑誌
駒澤大學佛教學部研究紀要 (ISSN:04523628)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.48-63, 1976-03