著者

別府 志海 佐々井 司

出版者

国立社会保障・人口問題研究所

雑誌

人口問題研究 = Journal of Population Problems (ISSN:03872793)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.431-438, 2022-09

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統計

著者

作山 巧

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.4, pp.317-322, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

25

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This paper finds that, in the Japan-US Trade Agreement (JUSTA), the true tariff elimination ratio for the US is 5 percent and that for Japan-US combined is 34 percent, which falls short of the 90 percent threshold set by the Japanese government for its FTA to be consistent with the WTO Agreements, and proves that the JUSTA violates the WTO Agreements. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that, even if tariffs on automobiles/auto parts and duty-free items are assumed to be eliminated as the Japanese Government professes, the tariff elimination ratio for the US still falls below 90 percent.

著者

太刀川 達也

出版者

日本コンピュータ化学会

雑誌

Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan (ISSN:13471767)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.A3-A4, 2022 (Released:2022-11-16)

著者

三宅 仲次郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本医療機器学会

雑誌

医科器械学雑誌 (ISSN:00191736)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.9, pp.219-232, 1943-03-20 (Released:2020-05-28)

著者

青木 幸弘 Yukihiro Aoki

出版者

学習院大学経済経営研究所

雑誌

学習院大学経済経営研究所年報 = Gakushuin University Research Institute of Economics and Management bulletin (ISSN:09162445)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-21, 1998-12

著者

竹本 潔 譽田 貴子 服部 妙香 田中 勝治 新宅 治夫

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.153-157, 2022 (Released:2022-11-16)

参考文献数

13

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【目的】医療型障害児入所施設の職員の終末期ケアに関する意識と施設の現状を明らかにする.【方法】医療型障害児入所施設の全職員466人を対象にACPに関する意識調査を行った.【結果】回収率77.0%,ACP(または人生会議)を知らないと回答した直接支援者は20.2%,間接支援者は50.9%であった.人生の最終段階における医療・ケアについて本人や家族等との話し合い経験者は27.1%であった.話し合いの内容は本人よりも家族の価値観や希望が多く,開始のタイミングは死が近づいた時が多かった.ACP導入については直接支援者の7割以上が希望し,事前準備として研修を希望する人が多かった.家族不在の場合の代理意思決定については多職種の医療・ケアチームで協議し,その結果を倫理委員会で承認を受けることに対して,大半の職員が賛成した.【結論】医療型障害児入所施設でのACP推進には職員への研修が必要である.

著者

横山 優花 亀尾 佳貴 安達 泰治

雑誌

日本機械学会 第35回計算力学講演会(CMD2022)

巻号頁・発行日

2022-10-25

著者

鈴木 せいら 赤池 伸一

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.345-355, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

29

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Japan's science, technology, and innovation policies have reached a major turning point in response to the progress of social globalization, digitalization, AI, and life sciences, as well as the trend of rapid social transformation through innovation. The "Basic Act on Science and Technology" which stipulated the basic matters for policies related to the promotion of science and technology in Japan substantially revised the "Basic Act on Science, Technology and Innovation." This change was the first substantial reformation of the law in a quarter of a century. Based on this amendment, the Basic Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation was approved by the Cabinet in March 2021. This paper describes the background and history of the law. It also provides a brief overview of the Sixth Science and Technology Innovation Basic Plan, and summarizes the status of our response to the issues and recommendations for the plan as presented in our journal, the Journal of Science Policy and Research Management, Vol. 34, No. 3, and in the Annual Conference. The plan consists of three pillars: strengthening of innovation, strengthening of research capabilities, and education and human resource development. Although there is no major difference in principle between the issues and recommendations presented by the conference and those described in the Basic Plan, it is thought that further discussions are necessary for concrete measures.

著者

宮崎 正也

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.317-332, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

38

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The number of business establishments in the automobile parts industry located in the Central Japan area has reduced by nearly half over two decades. While the business situation was expected to intensify in the late-2010s, there are some exceptional companies having successful high performances. This paper focused on such high performers of Tier2 firms in the area, and then it described eight Tier2 firms' strategies as the case studies based on our interview with their top managers. Furthermore, organizing the results in order to extract a mid-range theory of the strategy, this paper applied QCA (qualitative comparative analysis) to the interview data. As a result, we identified the strategy configurations adopted by high-performing Tier2 firms and classified them into four types. This paper identifies the strategy combinations that are likely to be effective for small and medium-sized firms such as Tier2 firms.

著者

安田 聡子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.290-307, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

47

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This paper attempts to demonstrate that university-industry (U-I) linkages take multifaceted forms simultaneously spanning across the whole spectrum beyond the usual understanding of industry-funded joint research and commercialization of intellectual property rights. It unveils a variety of informal knowledge-transfer channels, most of which had rarely been investigated. The analyses are on the various records regarding multiple types of U-I collaborations between Mutoh-Umemura Laboratory of the Department of Architecture of the University of Tokyo and various companies and corporate scientists during 1941–1977. The channels analyzed include "consulting," "laboratory equipment and materials granted by companies," "accepting corporate scientists into university labs for training purposes," "employment of graduate students and their continued research in corporate labs," "recruiting university professors to industry labs," "regular research meetings," and "relationship cultivation among professors, alumni, and corporate scientists."

著者

長根(齋藤) 裕美

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.222-239, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-21)

参考文献数

32

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This paper focuses on "researchers" at universities, and provides an overview of the historical changes in the researcher training system and the changing environment for researchers, especially from around the 1980s to the present, based on literature and data. In particular, it will focus on the training system for researchers, the labor market and career paths of Ph.D. holders, changes in faculty organization, research time, and university staff supporting research. The researcher training policy of the past 40 years has produced young researchers who cannot find stable jobs at universities even after obtaining Ph.D. and who have no prospects for the future. In addition, industry has not been actively recruiting doctoral students. On the other hand, researchers who have found jobs at universities also face a challenging research environment, and the severity of the situation increases. It is not easy to conclude that these consequences depend on a series of university reforms but the decline in Japan's research capabilities has been pointed out worldwide. In light of the fact that it is researchers who support scientific research, there is a need to redesign the research system from the perspective of researchers.

著者

小久保 欣哉 松田 裕之 岩田 幸訓

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.47-58, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

参考文献数

23

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In the IoT ecosystem built by data platformers, algorithms are building further competitive advantages in large-scale teacher data and machine learning by increasing predictability through self-enhancement actions. It is hard to say that Japanese companies have a strong presence in the platform business, and it is not easy to build an advantage for Japanese companies from the viewpoint of population size and language. Therefore, in the business area which does not necessarily depend on large-scale data, we constructed deferred acceptance (da) algorithm and sought the area in which the optimal allocation of resources can be realized by providing them. As a result, it was suggested that the current assignment can be significantly improved by using the da algorithm. Japanese companies wonder if they can build a competitive advantage by steadily creating optimal algorithms in fields that do not rely on large-scale data or machine learning.

著者

菅野 昌義

出版者

日本海水学会

雑誌

日本海水学会誌 (ISSN:03694550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.155-163, 1977 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

著者

稲水 伸行 塚本 裕介 牧島 満 里 政幸

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.32-46, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

参考文献数

22

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This paper uses data from about 1,000 people obtained under the declared state of emergency to compare 1) a group that had telecommuting experience before the Corona disaster and was telecommuting under the declared state of emergency, 2) a group that experienced telecommuting for the first time, and 3) a group that was working in an office. First, the results show that an abnormal level of telecommuting was taking place under the declared state of emergency, which has not been assumed by existing studies. Second, people who were in the office communicated more, but incidental communication could be compensated to some extent by the experience of telecommuting. Third, unexpectedly, telecommuting for work that was thought to be only possible in the office led to a positive psychological state. Based on these findings, we will discuss how COVID-19 will change the way we work.

著者

立本 博文 平井 祐理 生稲 史彦

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.5-16, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-02)

参考文献数

9

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This paper investigates the impact of big data on the business performances of Japanese companies by using the dataset of the questionnaire surveys conducted by RIETI in 2017 and 2020. There are three key findings.First, the companies that benefit from big data have not been significantly increasing. But the majority of the companies expect to expand their data use in the future. The fact indicates that the base of data utilization in Japan is growing with expectation.Second, measuring companies' data capability by data analytics competency (DAC) scores, we found the difference between manufacturing and service sectors. The DAC's effect in the service sector is statistically positive, whereas that in the manufacturing sector is not. This suggests that the benefit of data utilization is much evident in the service sector than that in the manufacturing sector.Third, by plotting the DAC scores of each sector on the data capability map, we found out the similarity and superiority among sectors. From the map, financial and information sectors have similar data competencies and relatively superior to other sectors in the light of data utilization.This study gives a good starting point for future research on sector comparison of the impact of big data and firms' capacity of data utilization.

著者

村上 由紀子

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.357-371, 2020-12-16 (Released:2020-12-26)

参考文献数

51

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This study demonstrates a relationship between researchers' international mobility and the use of international knowledge exchange networks (IKNs) in order to contribute to evidence-based policymaking. While previous studies focused on collaborative research networks and citation networks for articles and/or patents, this study targets IKNs, which the Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan aims to develop. The study analyzes a sample of approximately 1000 researchers from national universities and laboratories in Japan, finding that having over a year of overseas research experience increases the likelihood not only of connecting to IKNs but also of having strong ties within IKNs. This study also finds that researchers' abilities and research environments, in addition to the type of research institutes for which they work, affect the use of IKNs. On the basis of these findings, this study suggests the implementation of policies that support international mobility and improve the research environment.

著者

金間 大介 高野 里紗

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.339-352, 2020-12-16 (Released:2020-12-26)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1

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Ever since the enactment of the Science and Technology Basic Plan in 1996, university-industry (U-I) collaboration in Japan has shown the stable expansion although Japanese economy has experienced a few depressions. In this research, aiming to grasp the details of U-I collaboration in Japan and provide new evidences and knowledge to the discussion on policy making, a large dataset of U-I collaboration contract from a large research university is deeply analyzed. A total number of 4,412 research contracts for 10 years from 2005 to 2014 is investigated, and categorized into four types based on collaborative behaviors of university researchers and firms. As a result, various patterns on U-I collaboration have been observed, and outputs from such collaborative researches have been also diversified. For the future study, joining with other datasets such as patents and objective of U-I collaboration will be required, and more precise analyses should be conducted.

著者

枝村 一磨

出版者

研究・イノベーション学会

雑誌

研究 技術 計画 (ISSN:09147020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.316-328, 2020-12-16 (Released:2020-12-26)

参考文献数

10

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In this study, the empirical analysis of the effect of industry-university collaboration on the research productivity of firms is carried out using Japanese firm-level panel data. In consideration of estimating the model in which the dependent variable is the number of patents and the number of papers, the panel-Poisson model, which is a count data model, was used for estimation. As a result, industry-university collaboration has a positive effect on R&D productivity of firms. Even if the scale of R&D input, the firms' absorptive capacity, and the industry characteristics and time trends are controlled, the number of patents and papers by firms publishing with university are larger than that by firms with no publication by industry-university collaboration. The number of patents and papers by firms collaborating with university tends to be larger than that by firms not collaborating. The same results could be found in the effect of the number of industry-university collaborative papers, the number of industry-university joint patents, and the amount of research expenditures paid to universities on the number of patents and papers by firms.

著者

天野 智水

出版者

日本高等教育学会

雑誌

高等教育研究 (ISSN:24342343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.151-170, 2015-05-30 (Released:2019-05-13)

参考文献数

15

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本稿は国立大学教員の昇給と勤勉手当制度を取り上げ,主として部局長および学科等の長を対象とした質問紙調査の方法により,その決定方法と基準に関する実態と,組織長たちの問題意識を探った.その結果,全体として昇給・勤勉手当は教員の活動・業績を幅広く,地域貢献を除いて概ね等しく反映させて決定されていたこと,および,その決定に際しては教員集団による審議や,学科等の基礎組織の長が与える影響は小さく,部局長の判断がはるかに大きな影響を及ぼすという実態が明らかになった.また,問題意識の分析からは,部局ではなく学科等レベルに相対評価を持ち込むことは,業績主義にとって重大な問題となりうることがうかがえた.こうした結果を踏まえ,教員給与制度の現状とあり方について考察を行った.

著者

リーブリッヒ アミア

出版者

和光大学総合文化研究所

雑誌

東西南北 = Tozai Nanboku : Bulletin of the Wako Institute of Social and Cultural Sciences

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, pp.88-103,