著者

広重,豊国

出版者

丸久

雑誌

駅路の錦

巻号頁・発行日

1854

著者

銅治 英雄 村田 淳 浅野 由美 守屋 秀繁 吉永 勝訓

出版者

社団法人日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

リハビリテーション医学 : 日本リハビリテーション医学会誌 (ISSN:0034351X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.5, pp.286-292, 2007-05-18

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to resolve the confusion existing in the terminology for describing foot motion, particularly the definitions of inversion and eversion. First, the definitions of foot motion used by the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and the Japanese Orthopedic Association were compared with those used by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and with those used by the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB), to identify agreements and differences. Next, the terminology utilized in the literature was explored by examining several major textbooks and related academic papers retrieved through a search of the PubMed medical literature database. In the definitions of AOFAS and ISB, inversion and eversion, which correspond to triplane motions in the definition used in Japan, were regarded as motions in the coronal plane. Terminology in the textbooks was very diverse. 0f the 141 academic papers explored, 92 papers (66%) regarded inversion/ eversion as coronal plane motion, and 4 papers (3%) regarded it as a triplane motion. In the remaining 43 papers (31%), the definition was unspecified. In academic articles addressing foot motions, to avoid confusion in terminology, the definitions of inversion and eversion need to be specified.

著者

上田 実

出版者

名古屋大学

巻号頁・発行日

1994

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博士論文

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[217],

著者

でがわ あずさ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会

雑誌

日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集 2006年度日本雪氷学会全国大会 (ISSN:09197346)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.153, 2006 (Released:2006-12-01)

著者

岡彩雲 著

出版者

十津川村史蹟顕彰会

巻号頁・発行日

1937

著者

湯川 拓

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.176, pp.176_126-176_139, 2014-03-31 (Released:2015-10-20)

参考文献数

49

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The balance of power has always been conceived as being closely connected with realism, in the conventional International Relations literature. In particular, realists believe that the balance of power is the result of alliances being formed within the international system, by nations in their pursuit of self-interest. In contrast to the conventional literature, this paper emphasizes the role of the balance of power as a behavioral norm, within the international society. To be more specific, it sheds light on the fact that the balance of power provides moral and obligatory standards for the members of international society to adhere to. At the same time, it has also contributed to public interest within international society. Although the normative balance of power first made its appearance in the 18th century, the current balance of power (observed in contemporary international society) does not bear the role of a behavioral standard. Two relevant questions which we should consider then, is (1) at what point in time exactly, and (2) in what way exactly, the balance of power norm waned in terms of influence. This paper aims to answer these two questions. Its main finding is as follows. This paper stresses on the legitimacy of the balance of power norm (within international society) as being key to answering the two research questions above. In the 18th century the balance of power referred to the need to maintain an equal distribution of physical military power, as a norm that was necessary for ensuring stability in the international society. Some necessary conditions for the balance of power to exist as a norm in the 18th century were the absence of disputes over legitimacy, and the recognition (or achievement) of a certain degree of homogeneity amongst the members of international society. When the balance of power came to be established as a norm in the earlier half of the 19th century, it was perceived as contributing to homogeneity in international society. It referred to the maintenance of equilibrium in the international society, vis-a-vis the sustenance of a particular regime, rather than the balancing of physical power. It finally lost its appeal as a norm during the latter half of the 19th century and after the First World War, when new principles of legitimacy such as nationalism and democracy appeared. The various different meanings implied by the term ‘balance of power’ tell us multitudes about the type of world order which was deemed desirable by the international society, under different situations.

著者

後秦釋僧肇撰

出版者

小川源兵衞刊

巻号頁・発行日

1708

著者

岡田紅陽 著

出版者

アルス

巻号頁・発行日

1940

著者

中山 一大

出版者

西洋史研究会

雑誌

西洋史研究 (ISSN:03869288)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.144-155,168-171, 2017

著者

米田 穣

出版者

西洋史研究会

雑誌

西洋史研究 (ISSN:03869288)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.132-144,165-167, 2017

著者

太田 博樹

出版者

西洋史研究会

雑誌

西洋史研究 (ISSN:03869288)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.105-120,156-160, 2017

著者

Yuhei YAMAMOTO Hirohiko ISHIKAWA Yuichiro OKU Zeyong HU

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96B, pp.59-76, 2018 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

28

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This paper presents a method for estimating the land surface temperature (LST) from Himawari-8 data. The Advanced Himawari Imager onboard Himawari-8 has three thermal infrared bands in the spectral range of 10-12.5 μm. We developed a nonlinear three-band algorithm (NTB) that makes the best use of these bands to estimate the LST. The formula of the algorithm includes 10 coefficients. The optimum values of these coefficients were derived using a statistical regression method from the simulated data, as obtained by a radiative transfer model. The simulated data sets correspond to a variety of values of LST, as well as surface emissivity, type and season of temperature and water vapor profiles. Viewing zenith angles (VZAs) from 0° to 60° were considered. For the coefficients obtained in this way, we verified the root-mean-square error (RMSE) in terms of the VZA, LST and precipitable water dependence. We showed that the NTB can accurately estimate the LST with an RMSE less than 0.9 K compared with the nonlinear split-window algorithm developed by Sobrino and Romaguera (2004). Moreover, we evaluated the sensitivities of the LST algorithms to the uncertainties in input data by using the dataset independent of the dataset used to obtain coefficients. Consequently, we showed that the NTB has the highest robustness against the uncertainties in input data. Finally, the stepwise LST retrieval method was constructed. This method includes a simple cloud mask procedure and the land surface emissivity estimation. The LST product was evaluated using in-situ data over the Tibetan Plateau, and the validity was confirmed.

著者

Yuhei YAMAMOTO Hirohiko ISHIKAWA

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96B, pp.43-58, 2018 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

20

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Land surface emissivity (LSE) in the thermal infrared (TIR) is an essential parameter in the retrieving land surface temperature (LST) from space. This paper describes the LSE maps in three TIR bands (centered at 10.4, 11.2 and 12.4 μm) used for retrieving the LST from Himawari-8. Himawari-8, a next-generation geostationary satellite has high spatial and temporal resolutions compared to previous geostationary satellites. Because of these improvements, the Himawari-8 LST product is expected to contribute to the observation of small-scale environments in high-frequency. In this study, the LSE is estimated by a semi-empirical method, which is a combination of the classification based method and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) thresholds method. The land cover classification information is taken from the Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations version3 (GLCNMO 2013). Material emissivities of soil, vegetation and others are taken from the MODIS UCSB emissivity library and the ASTER spectral library. This method basically follows the semi-empirical methods developed by the previous studies, but advanced considerations are added. These considerations are the phenology of vegetation, flooding of paddy fields, snow/ice coverage, and internal reflections (cavity effect) in urban areas. The average cavity effect on LSE in urban canopies is approximately 0.01, but it reaches 0.02 in built-up areas. The sensitivity analysis shows that the total LSE errors for the three bands are less than 0.02. The LSE estimation is especially stable at the vegetation area, where the error is less than 0.01.

著者

Ryo OYAMA Masahiro SAWADA Kazuki SHIMOJI

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96B, pp.3-26, 2018 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

9

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The high temporal and spatial resolutions of geostationary satellite observations achieved by recent technological advancements have facilitated the derivation of atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs), even in a tropical cyclone (TC) wherein the winds abruptly change. This study used TCs in the western North Pacific basin to investigate the ability of upper tropospheric AMVs to estimate the TC intensity and structure. We first examined the relationships between the cloud-top wind fields captured by 6-hourly upper tropospheric AMVs derived from images of the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) and the surface maximum sustained wind (MSW) of the Japan Meteorological Agency's best-track data for 44 TCs during 2011-2014. The correlation between the maximum tangential winds of the upper tropospheric AMVs (UMaxWinds) and MSWs was high, approximately 0.73, suggesting that the cyclonic circulation near the cloud top was intensified by the upward transport of absolute angular momentum within the TC inner core. The upper tropospheric AMVs also revealed that the mean radii of UMaxWinds and the maximum radial outflows shifted inward as the TC intensification rate became large, implying that the low-level inflow was strong for TCs undergoing rapid intensification. We further examined the possibility of estimating the MSW using 30-min-interval UMaxWinds derived from Himawari-8 target observations, which have been used to track TCs throughout their lifetimes. A case study considering Typhoon Lionrock (1610) showed that the UMaxWinds captured the changes in the cyclonic circulation near the cloud top within the inner core on a timescale shorter than 1 day. It was apparent that the increase in the UMaxWind was associated with the intensification of the TC warm core and the shrinkage of UMaxWind radius. These results suggest that Himawari-8 AMVs include useful information about TC intensification and related structural changes to support the TC intensity analysis and structure monitoring.

巻号頁・発行日

vol.藤戸, 1623

著者

吉永 崇

出版者

可視化情報学会

雑誌

可視化情報学会誌 = Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan (ISSN:09164731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.146, pp.128-133,図巻頭1p, 2017-07

著者

七沢 潔

出版者

NHK放送文化研究所

雑誌

放送研究と調査 (ISSN:02880008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.5, pp.16-21, 2007-05

著者

長谷川 真里 有馬 斉 唐沢 穣 高橋 征仁 外山 紀子

出版者

法と心理学会

雑誌

法と心理 (ISSN:13468669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.82-86, 2013

著者

松本 和樹 早稲田大学

出版者

早稲田大学史学会

雑誌

史観 (ISSN:03869350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.164, pp.132-134, 2011-03