著者
佐藤 翔
出版者
追手門学院大学
雑誌
Musa : 博物館学芸員課程年報 (ISSN:13470574)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, pp.7-18, 2015-03-25

学術情報流通 / 図書館情報学 / 科学計量学 / シリアルズ・クライシス / オープンアクセス
著者
辻 晶子
出版者
奈良女子大学
雑誌
叙説 (ISSN:0386359X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, pp.215-226, 2011-03-31
著者
山﨑 晶子
出版者
関東社会学会
雑誌
年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, no.32, pp.107-118, 2019

<p>This article aims to illustrate how the French elite obtain reading habits enabling to acquire language capital in French. These habits are said to contribute to the formation of the elite in France. We analyze narratives about language capital and reading habits from the life stories given by seven members of the French elite. As a result, it becomes clear that their reading habits were acquired after prompting by parents and relatives. Especially when their parents were teachers, they tended to become strongly conscious of reading. Accordingly, home education conducted with the consciousness of the importanceof reading must affect their reading habits in such a way as to enable them subsequently to acquire language capital.</p>
著者
間山 広朗
出版者
東洋館
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.145-163, 2002
被引用文献数
11

"Ijime suicide (or suicide caused by bullying) has been one of the most serious problems in Japanese primary and secondary schools since the late 1970s. The problem has been widely studied in Japan. Generally speaking, the prevailing view is that though bullying has always existed, the situation of children committing suicide because of bullying is getting worse. Against this prevailing view, some scholars in the field of the sociology of education claim that "ijime suicides" existed in the past, and bullying condition may not be getting worse, but what has happened is that people have become more sensitive. In other words, they refer to the social condition itself. However, if we strictly observe the methodological standard of social constructionism, the bracketing of the ontological status of "social problems, " we must conclude that they are making an error of "ontological gerrymandering." We may have a tendency to regard ijime as bullying. However, according to Jeff Coulter, To claim that 'X' is the same action as 'Y' can mean creating a connection between them rather than simply recording a pre-existing relationship. We may misunderstand the property of our description. According to Peter Winch, the human activity we study is carried on according to rules. Therefore, we need to study the rulefollowing discourse of "ijime suicide" carefully. I would claim that "ijime suicide" does not exist until people learn of this term and the discourse. This is not an empirical, but rather a conceptual problem. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to solve this problems and explain "ijime suicide" itself analytically by focusing on the discourse involved, and then to indicate the possibility that a discursive reformation can dissolve "ijime suicide."""
著者
今井 真士
出版者
文教大学
雑誌
文教大学国際学部紀要 (ISSN:09173072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.17-32, 2015-07

Historical Institutionalist explanations / Comparative Historical Analysis approaches are inferences about the causes of specific outcomes in particular cases. They are intended to explain outcomes that have already happened, either in the distant past or in the recent past. The goal of the analysis is precisely to explain the specific past occurrences (Mahoney, Kimball, and Koivu 2009: 116). In Historical Institutionalist explanations, political institutions are seen as the developing products of struggle among unequal actors, and are mainly focused on the long-term processes of institutional building, change and thus divergence. In Comparative Historical Analysis approaches, this view is expanded into the one focused on various events including political institutions. While these approaches are developing in comparative politics after the middle of 1990s based on the qualitative methodology, some scholars emphasized on the methodological differences between the qualitative one and the quantitative one, and thus pursued their ontological foundations of philosophy of science (especially biology and complexity science); especially, without proposing empirical and useful methods, they have seen these differences of methodologies as ones of paradigms and scientific views. Recently, however, other scholars have avoided these pedantic arguments of the philosophy of science and thus attempted to propose the logical (but not biological) foundations based on the set theory. In this article, I argue the ontological development of the literature of Historical Institutionalism / Comparative Historical Analysis and focus on the conceptual and terminological change of "contexts". Especially, I compare the usage of "contexts" in the five approaches; critical junctures, institutional evolutions, multiple contexts, critical antecedents, and permissive / productive conditions.
著者
武田 宗和 名取 恵子 諸井 隆一 原田 知幸 矢口 有乃 稲垣 伸洋
出版者
日本腹部救急医学会
雑誌
日本腹部救急医学会雑誌 = Journal of abdominal emergency medicine (ISSN:13402242)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.735-739, 2013-05-31
参考文献数
10

要旨:【症例】37歳飲酒歴のない女性。意識障害で発見され救急搬送,既往は躁鬱病と境界型人格障害。来院時ショック状態で下血を認め,緊急下部内視鏡検査で直腸から左側結腸まで全周性・連続性の発赤とびらんを認めた。翌日,薄めたウオッカ約1L(推定アルコール濃度49%)を自ら注腸したことが判明,虚血性腸炎に準じ保存的治療を選択。8病日の内視鏡検査では直腸からS状結腸までは粘膜の修復が認められ保存的治療を継続した。4週間後,下行結腸の高度な腸管狭窄を合併したため,本人との話し合いの結果,横行結腸に人工肛門を造設することとなった。【考察】過去の報告では,アルコール注入による直腸結腸炎は保存的治療で治癒することが多いとされる。本例は高濃度のアルコールが大量に注入され広範囲に腸管が傷害された上にショック状態に陥り,腸管虚血をきたしその治癒過程で腸管狭窄を合併したものと推察された。本例における治療方針に関する問題点をふまえ文献的考察を加え報告する。
著者
乾 伸雄 品野 勇治 鴻池 祐輔 小谷 善行
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌数理モデル化と応用(TOM) (ISSN:18827780)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.2, pp.105-117, 2005-01-15
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1

本論文では,最長しりとり問題をネットワークの問題としてモデル化し,整数計画問題として定式化を行う.この定式化では,変数の数が頂点数に対して,指数オーダで増加するため,事実上,整数計画問題として直接的に解くことは難しい.そのため,緩和問題を設定し,LP ベースの分枝限定法によって解決した.これによって,19 万語程度の辞書から最長しりとりをXeon2.8GHz プロセッサのPC を使って1 秒程度で作成することができた.また,本論文では,局所探索による解法と比較し,問題の困難さを実験的に調べた.さらに,様々なインスタンスにおける解を分析することで,最長しりとり問題の性質を調べた.This paper describes the definition of the longest Shiritori problem as a problem of network flow and the solution using the the integer problem. This formulation requires a large number of variables being of exponential order. To overcome the difficulty, we propose a solution based on the LP-based branch-and-bound method, which solves the relaxation problems repeatedly and enumerates all the solutions implicitly. This method is able to calculate the longest Shiritori sequences for 190 thousand words dictionary in a second in Xeon 2.8GHz PC. In this paper, we compare the performances for the heuristic local search and investigate the results for a variety of instances to explore characteristics of the longest Shiritori problem.
著者
加藤 桂子
出版者
東京女子大学
雑誌
史論 (ISSN:03864022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.196-210, 1955
著者
定方 晟
出版者
東海大学文学部
雑誌
東海大学紀要 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, pp.37-63, 2004

Nitta Yoshisada put an end to the Kamakura Shogunate in 1333. According to the chronicle Taiheiki, he started from the Ikushina shrine in the Gummma-prefecture. It is generally supposed that he marched directly southward, because that is the shortest way to Kamakura. In fact there are several local traditions in the areas to the southward of the Ikushina shrine. One tradition says that Yoshisada crossed the Tone-River at such and such a place and that there still exists a pine-tree to which Yoshisada attached the rope of his boat. Another tradition says that Yoshisada climbed a pine-tree to watch the camp of his enemy and that the pine-tree still exists. Recently, however, a new theory appeared according to which Yoshisada marched westward at first from the Ikushina shrine and, arriving at Yawata (near Takasaki city), he joined with allied armies and then marched southward. When we accept this theory, we can solve some important riddles and get a better understanding of the political situations of the epoch. This article has the aim of making known this theory. (Livshits/Nikitin 1994; Bader 1996: 265), the recent excavations unearthed some texts and the number of these texts will surely increase (see, for example, Morano 1996). The value of this work (Diakonoff/Livshits 1976-2001), however, never decreases. Below are my notes on it. Since it is far beyond my capability to review this vast work generally, I restrict myself here to the "reading" of the texts. First, I discuss the problematic phrase, MN NPSH tyrydt mzn 'sppty HWH, then look into other points.

58 0 0 0 IR 南北朝正閏論争

著者
武井 邦夫 Kunio Takei
出版者
つくば国際大学
雑誌
研究紀要 (ISSN:13412078)
巻号頁・発行日
no.6, pp.89-103, 2000
著者
大沢 真理
出版者
日本家族社会学会
雑誌
家族社会学研究 (ISSN:0916328X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.24-35, 2015
被引用文献数
1

働いて稼ぐこと,子どもを生み育てることにかかわる社会政策の影響を,比較ジェンダー分析する.1985年以来の相対的貧困率や非正規労働者比率の推移,近年の賃金動向を手がかりとして,日本において就業条件が劣化してきたことを概観する(Ⅲ).また,2000年代末のOECD諸国の貧困率および貧困削減率を検討する.日本では,税・社会保障制度による貧困削減率が,成人が全員就業する世帯や子ども(がいる世帯)にとって,マイナスである(Ⅳ–1).所得再分配がかえって貧困を深めるという事態はOECD諸国で異例であり,労働力人口の急減が憂慮される社会として,極めて不合理である.税・社会保障の負担面を見ると,日本の制度は累進度が最も低い部類であり,ひとり親世帯の負担が不釣り合いに重い.ただし民主党政権下の子ども手当は,所得が低い層ほど負担を大きく軽減していた(Ⅳ–2).Ⅴではアベノミクスの「成果」を検証したうえで,若干の展望を述べる.