著者
増永 理考
出版者
京都大学大学院文学研究科
雑誌
西洋古代史研究 = Acta academiae antiquitatis kiotoensis = The Kyoto journal of ancient history (ISSN:13468405)
巻号頁・発行日
no.16, pp.1-23, 2016

This paper examines the possibilities and the limitations of applying Speech-Act Theory to historical research based on inscriptions. Inscriptions are an essential source for any research of ancient history. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have studied inscriptions not only as literary sources but also as monuments. Subsequently, we need to examine inscriptions from a wider variety of perspectives than the literary sources of ancient writers. Since the 1990s some scholars of inscription texts have tried to introduce Speech-Act Theory, developed by linguistic philosophers, into their study of ancient history. Speech-Act Theory addresses the ways in which words can carry out actions through their sense, not perform an action in and by words. Until now it has been argued that the two essential factors of an inscription are its eternity and its accessibility. Based on these elements, if we view an inscription through Speech-Act Theory, we realize that inscriptions were a more dynamic medium than literary sources. Although there are some limitations, such as the ancients' perception of inscriptions, their literacy and the range of applications of the theory, this paper insists that with their spatial occupation as monuments, inscriptions functioned to exert power widely throughout a society, by means of influencing others and changing the world through speech-acts.
著者
吉澤 康文 名内 泰蔵 長谷川 豊 稲田 伸一
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.2, pp.179-186, 1979-03-15
被引用文献数
1

東海道・山陽新幹線の列車運行管理システムである COMTRAC(COMputer aided TRAffic Control)-Hは1975年5月より稼動を開始している.このシステム構成は 進路制御の機能を担う制御用計算機と運転整理の機能を分担する汎用計算機が階層的に結合されたものである.本報告では 列車ダイヤに乱れが生じたときに 人間と機械の会話により迅速にダイヤを収拾する運転整理システムの性能評価をシステム開発の前段階で行い 設計に反映させた例について述べる.運転整理システムの特徴は 列車に乱れが生じた際に成される指令行為が計算機に急激な負荷をもたらす点にある.したがって システム設計にあたっては 指令員の投入したコマンドに対する応答時間とスループットを共に確保する処理方式を確立する必要がある.この理由から 運転整理システムのシミュレーション・モデルを開発し 想定した入力負荷に対する特性を分析した.この分析結果から 応答時間に占める主要因は (1)計算機間の交信 (2)異なる優先順位を持つタスク間の交信 そして(3)ファイルの競合にあることが判明した.以上から 制御用計算機と汎用計算機間の交信周期の最適化を計ること および 優先度の高いタスクの処理を分割することを提案し システム設計に反映させた.この結果 運転整理システムは充分な応答時間とスループットを満足するシステムとして現在稼動している.
著者
小山田 真帆
出版者
京都大学大学院文学研究科
雑誌
西洋古代史研究 = Acta academiae antiquitatis kiotoensis = The Kyoto journal of ancient history (ISSN:13468405)
巻号頁・発行日
no.16, pp.25-48, 2016

In classical Athens unmarried girls, like adults and boys, also took part in some honorable rituals. This article focuses on the 'Arkteia', which was performed by girls in Brauron, one of the sanctuaries of Artemis in Attica. Most scholars have regarded the Arkteia as a ritual for girls entering maturity. However, some scholars have challenged this view, citing some contradictory literary sources. This paper shows that this ritual was not only a maturation rite in which young women participated, but that it also encouraged them to adapt to their future life as Athenian women. Firstly, this paper reexamines whether or not the Arkteia was a maturation rite, and reconsiders its age qualification. Literary sources attest that the girls who participated in the ritual wore 'krokotoi' (saffron robes) indicating that they were sexually mature women. The legend of Iphigeneia, who is associated with Brauron, also alludes to this ritual as marking the passage of young women into maturity. The Arkteia was therefore a maturation rite for girls, as previous scholarship has claimed. However, there is room for reconsidering the age qualification of 5-10 years, as this age group would have been ineligible for this particular type of ritual. Based on an investigation of various sources, this article suggests that this age qualification is not reliable. Secondly, this paper investigates the relationship between the Arkteia and the dedication performed by women for Artemis in Brauron. Women worshipped Artemis because she took care of mothers, childbirth and children. Many adult women dedicated expensive items to Artemis in Brauron, in expectation of her protection in gynecopathy or in childbirth, and her protection of their children. It seems that the girls who served as 'arktoi' (participants in the Arkteia) and the women who dedicated goods to Artemis were of an equivalent economic class. This means that the arktoi offered items to Artemis after they had reached maturity. The treasure records of Artemis Brauronia (an epigraphic source) indicate that most of the votive offerings were items of clothing and that some of these were exhibited in the temple of Artemis. In addition, an inventory was erected along the wall of the temple and on a large stoa in the sanctuary. These facts suggest that girls who participated in the Arkteia learned the ways of life of Athenian women by means of the many votive offerings and the lengthy inventory. It is worth noting that some of the clothes displayed in the temple reminded the girls of important work; weaving. This would have been how the girls were transformed into the 'Athenian women' that Athenian society, specifically Athenian men, demanded.
著者
田中 朋弘
出版者
熊本大学
雑誌
先端倫理研究 : 熊本大学倫理学研究室紀要 (ISSN:18807879)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.25-38, 2016-03

This paper examines the character of professional responsibility, mainly with reference to the theory of common morality and particular moralities by Beauchamp and Childress. Furthermore, it examines the concepts of generality and particularity in normative ethical theories, the attitude approach and the role morality argument by Bowie, and two usages of reason by Kant. The professional responsibility is considered as a special role morality, which depends on some specialized and specific norms rather than on the general norms from the abstract principles. The theory of common morality and particular moralities has some persuasiveness, and it has the possibilities of being developed as a comprehensive normative ethical theory. However, there remains a question concerning the foundation of moral pluralism, and an issue of how usual moral judgments are located in their theory.
著者
池松 裕子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本集中治療医学会
雑誌
日本集中治療医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13407988)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.151-156, 2009-04-01 (Released:2009-10-15)
参考文献数
7

認定看護師・専門看護師制度は1990年代後半に制定され,その教育課程を有する教育機関数および登録者数は急激に増加してきている。集中治療領域では集中ケア認定看護師と急性・重症患者看護専門看護師があり,2008年8月現在それぞれ421名と16名が登録されている。どちらも5年の臨床看護実績を積んだ後,認定看護師は6ヶ月の公的教育,専門看護師は大学院修士課程(または博士前期課程)を修了し,日本看護協会が実施する認定試験に合格しなくてはならない。認定看護師は,スタッフとともに業務に携わりながら,現場での問題を見出して改善し,看護の質の底上げを担う。専門看護師は,新しい研究知見や情報を入手・吟味したうえで計画的に現場に導入するとともに,その成果の誌上発表や教育講演を行い,広く我が国の看護のレベルアップを目指す。両者は対等な立場で協力し,集中治療領域における看護の質の向上に貢献することが期待される。
著者
杉田 久子
出版者
日本クリティカルケア看護学会
雑誌
日本クリティカルケア看護学会誌 (ISSN:18808913)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.3, pp.15-25, 2012 (Released:2013-08-03)
参考文献数
56
被引用文献数
3

本研究の目的は,クリティカルケア看護師のexpertiseの概念分析を行い,クリティカルケア看護実践領域への活用に示唆を得ることである.1983年~2007年までの看護学,医学の領域から43文献を分析対象とし,Rodgersの概念分析法を参考にした.結果,属性に〔プランニングプロセス〕,〔ケアリングプロセス〕,〔アドバンスプロセス〕,先行要件に〔動機・資質〕,〔リソース〕,〔文脈上の制約〕,帰結に〔治療の成功〕,〔ヒューマンケア〕,〔ケアの質の向上〕が抽出された.定義には「初期の推論,熟考された明敏な意思決定,および状況的文脈に基づく判断とともに,患者および医療者との相互作用を伴う優れたケアリングを実践し,反省的な実践を繰り返して蓄積される実践的知識の修得プロセス」が導かれ,よりよい患者アウトカムを導く看護師の継続的な態度を表す動的概念として説明された.結果は,クリティカルケア看護師のexpertiseを観察可能な現象として捉えることを可能にし,看護師の実践活動における客観的指標を提供することに貢献するが,実践現場での精錬と検証が課題である.