著者
見瀬 悠
出版者
公益財団法人史学会
雑誌
史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.123, no.1, pp.1-34, 2014-01-20

The aim of this article is to analyze the conditions conducive to obtaining the status of subject in France and the narrative strategies employed for the purpose of obtaining lettres de naturalite by immigrants from the British Isles during the eighteenth century, in order to examine what being legally bound to the state signified for foreigners under the Ancien Regime. Having arrived in France for political, religious and/or economic reasons and by and large favorably received by the king (or, royal authority), the British immigrants became participants in French society through participation and solidarity in such compatriotic communities as the Stuart court in exile in Saint-Germainen-Laye, Irish regiments in the French Army, British-founded convents and colleges, and merchants' colonies in the Atlantic seaports. It's within this process of socialization that the naturalization was requested, and by analysis of the organizational features of those naturalized in terms of geographical distribution and socioprofessional profiles, the author concludes from her observations on their motives and backgrounds that the choice of naturalization was indirectly facilitated by the historical relations and cultural bonds between immigrant communities and French society and influenced by wavering inbred Stuart loyalties and political persecution, but was directly decided out of the desire to guarantee one's personal property and/or occupation. That being said, such self-serving motives were by no means revealed in the actual lettres de naturalite; rather, one observes applicants adopting such strategies designed to more easily obtain these letters as insisting that they were endowed with many of the exemplary attributes sought after within French society. From the personal accounts included in the lettres de naturalite of British immigrants, we find the enumeration of such desirable national attributes as contributions made to the monarchy through military, medical and commercial service and religious orthodoxy, while at the same time there are accounts of their everyday occupational activities, touching upon past personal experiences of loyalty to the House of Stuart, apostasy and conversion to the Catholicism and the religious persecution they suffered in their homeland. All indicate clearly the adoption of strategies geared to taking advantage of their "otherness" as foreign-born residents. From the above analysis, the author makes the general conclusion that naturalization not only constitutes an expansion in the breadth of alternative strategies for survival within the foreigners' host society, but at the same time did not presume full assimilation into French culture; rather allowing them to preserve their identity with the historical and cultural heritage of their native lands.
著者
石橋 悠人
出版者
社会経済史学会
雑誌
社會經濟史學 (ISSN:00380113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.4, pp.481-500, 2014-02-25

本稿は1850年代初頭に開始されたグリニッジ天文台の時報事業に焦点を当て,ヴィクトリア朝イギリスにおける正確な時間の通知・表示技法の変革とその社会的な影響を考察する。時報事業は交通・運輸・情報網の大規模な拡充に伴う正確な時間への需要の高まりを背景に導入され,国内全域に敷設された電信網を駆使して標準時を無償で通知するものであった。このサービスを可能にしたのは,グリニッジ天文台・海軍省などの公的機関と民間の電信・鉄道企業との緊密な連携に基づく設備や技術の使用に関する負担の分散化であった。この運営の枠組みは1860年代末の民間電信システムの国有化によって大きく転換し,1870年には逓信省が時報転送に電線を使用することを埋め合わせるために課金制へ移行する。この有料サービスの普及には明確な限界があったものの,時報は鉄道会社の運行システム,都市自治体が管理する報時球と午砲の操作方法,海軍の航海術などの領域に採用され,イギリス社会における時間通知の様式の改変とグリニッジ標準時の普及を促進するものとなった。
著者
Hebin Lin Kentaro Miyanaga Jeffrey A Thornton
出版者
水資源・環境学会
雑誌
水資源・環境研究 (ISSN:09138277)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.68-74, 2015 (Released:2015-07-11)
参考文献数
57
被引用文献数
3

The people of the world continue to demand sustainable sources of freshwater for meeting their daily needs, for continuing economic development, and for maintaining a stable and healthful environment. In meeting these needs based on sustaining ecosystem services, the historic sectoral approach to water resources management has led to degraded waterbodies and an inability of governments to meet the demand for safe and secure sources of freshwater. In recent years, water resources management experience has highlighted the need for an integrated management approach that involves all stakeholders, including citizens, scientists and policy-makers, as well as effective organizations that are adequately funded and fully staffed. In this paper, we review some of the key considerations that are fundamental to effective water resources management and demonstrate the necessary and fundamental link between policies, plans and management actions.
著者
立川 ジェームズ
出版者
史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)
雑誌
史林 (ISSN:03869369)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.2, pp.308-340, 2014-03

近年、中世初期の集会を聖俗の制度に区別し、制定された法規の分析を重視する伝統的な研究手法が問題法されている。こうした研究動向をふまえ、本稿ではメロヴィング朝の前半期を対象として、これまで「教会会議」として一様に理解されてきた synodus の史料におけるイメージの分析を試みた。決議史料においては聖職者のみの宗教的な集会のイメージが顕著なのに対し、トゥール司教グレゴリウスの記述や勅令においては、王権に直結した、聖俗にとらわれない役割を持ったイメージが描かれた。これは従来の「教会会議」という集会概念により捉えきれない柔軟な synodus の実態を示す。同時に、史料における synodus の取り上げ方の相違が、聖・俗や王権・教会の関係をめぐる同時代人の意識と密接に関わることを指摘した。これは七世紀以降に一層進展するといわれる王権のキリスト教化、さらにはカロリング朝との関係を考える上でも承平的である。
著者
大嶋 誠
出版者
上智大学史学研究会
雑誌
上智史學 (ISSN:03869075)
巻号頁・発行日
no.59, pp.127-139, 2014-11-14

青山英夫先生退職記念号