著者
菅原 ますみ 八木下 暁子 詫摩 紀子 小泉 智恵 瀬地山 葉矢 菅原 健介 北村 俊則
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.129-140, 2002-06-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
57
被引用文献数
25 16

本研究は, 夫婦間の愛情関係が家族機能と親の養育態度を媒介として児童期の子どもの抑うつ傾向と関連するかどうかを検討することを目的として実施された。313世帯の父親, 母親および子ども (平均10.25歳) を対象に郵送による質問紙調査を実施し, 両親回答による夫婦関係と養育態度, および家庭の雰囲気と家族の凝集性, 子どもの自己記入による抑うつ傾向を測定した。配偶者間の愛情関係と子どもの抑うつ傾向との間に相関は見られなかったが, 家庭の雰囲気や家族の凝集性といった家族機能変数を媒介として投入した結果, 両親間の愛情の強固さと家族機能の良好さが, また家族機能の良好さと子どもの抑うつ傾向とが関連することが明らかになった。また同時に, 配偶者間の愛情関係は親自身の養育態度とも関連し, 相手への愛情の強さと子どもに対する態度の暖かさや過干渉的態度との間に有意な関係が見られた。しかし, こうした養育態度のうち, 子どもの抑うつの低さと関連が認められたのは, 母親の養育の暖かさのみであり, 父親の養育態度は子どもの抑うつ傾向とは関連しなかった。
著者
Ryo KOZU Kazuya SHINGAI Masatoshi HANADA Masato OIKAWA Hiroki NAGURA Hiroshi ITO Chika KITAGAWA Takako TANAKA
出版者
Japanese Society of Physical Therapy
雑誌
Physical Therapy Research (ISSN:21898448)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.R0012, (Released:2021-04-01)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
5

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a diverse group of chronic lung conditions characterized by dyspnea, exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH), and exercise intolerance. Since activity limitations and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in ILD are similar to those in other chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary rehabilitation is also indicated for patients with ILD. This rehabilitation program mainly comprises exercise training and self-management education. Exercise training is the most important component of pulmonary rehabilitation. It significantly improves dyspnea and enhances exercise capacity and HRQoL in patients with ILD. The standard exercise prescription used for COPD is also effective for ILD. However, considering that disease progression and exercise-limiting factors are different in patients with COPD is necessary. Severe EIH, the adverse effects of corticosteroid administration, and comorbidities often lead to difficulty in employing a sufficient exercise intensity. Some modifications in the exercise prescription for individual patients or strategies to minimize EIH and dyspnea are required to optimize training intensity. Since EIH is common and severe in patients with ILD, supplemental oxygen should be provided. In advanced and more severe patients, who have difficulty in performing exercises, energy conservation techniques and the use of energy-saving devices to improve and maintain the patients' activities of daily living may be effective.
著者
宮田 まり子
出版者
日本保育学会
雑誌
保育学研究 (ISSN:13409808)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.50-60, 2013-08-31

本研究は,幼稚園の保育場面を観察し,大型積み木で遊ぶ3歳児の行為と構造の変化から,積み木遊びにおいて何を体験し,他者とどのように協働していくのか,その過程を明らかにする。積み木は,フレーベルの恩物からの流れを持ち,幼稚園創設以来多くの園に設置されているが,積み木遊びの固有性に関する研究は数少なく,実際の保育場面における積み木遊びについてはあまり述べられてこなかった。本研究では,A幼稚園3歳児の1年間(内68日間)を観察し,積み木遊びで見られた特徴的な行為に着目し,事例を作成した。分析の結果,活動の質の変化から,(1)目的の出現と相違の時期,(2)イメージの相違と共有化に向かう時期,(3)協働の時期の3つの時期に分けられた。
著者
山田 奨治 和泉勇治 加藤寧 柴山 守
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告人文科学とコンピュータ(CH) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2002, no.52, pp.43-50, 2002-05-31
被引用文献数
1

古文書の翻刻作業の効率をたかめるためには,標準的なくずし字辞典を電子化し,検索の利便性を向上させることが有効であろう.また,デジタル化された文字画像を使って,ある文字に類似した文字を一覧的に検索することが可能になる.類似文字検索を実現するさいに鍵となるのは,文字の特徴量と文字間の類似度の設定方法である.われわれは,オフライン日本語手書き文字認識技術で使用されている文字特徴量と文字間類似度にストローク情報を加味することで,類似文字検索機能をもった電子くずし字辞典を開発した.Developing an computerized dictionary of histroical characters would be effective to improve the reading speed of historical documents. Using the digitized character images, we can also browse characters similar to an example. A key issue for implementing the search function of the similar characters is how to define the character feature and the similarity between two characters. We developed a computerized historical character dictionary by using some character features and similarities, which are used in Japanese off-line hand-written OCR technology, and using stroke information in addition to them.
著者
竹内 桂
出版者
日本選挙学会
雑誌
選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.35-46, 2016 (Released:2019-12-01)

本稿は,1974年の第10回参議院議員選挙の徳島地方区における保守系候補者の対立を検討する。徳島地方区では,三木武夫副総理の直系で現職だった久次米健太郎と,田中角栄総理の系統で新人の後藤田正晴との間で事実上の一騎打ちとなり,その争いは「阿波戦争」や「徳島戦争」などと称されるほど激しいものとなった。 本稿では,その争いの発端から選挙の結果までを対象に,①徳島地方区の自民党公認候補の決定過程,②公示までの動向,③選挙戦の展開を明らかにする。その上で,久次米が当選を果たした要因を検証する。さらに,この参院選が,三木武夫が権勢を誇っていた徳島県政の勢力図を変えていく契機となったことを指摘する。

5 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1946年09月12日, 1946-09-12
著者
堀毛 一也
出版者
The Japanese Group Dynamics Association
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.2, pp.116-128, 1994
被引用文献数
12 10

本研究では, これまで行われてきた異性関係スキル研究の問題点を整理するとともに, 1) 異性関係スキルの分類および基本的スキルとの関連性の検討, 2) 関係の発展・崩壊とこれらのスキルの関連性の検討という2点を目的とした調査研究を行った。そのためにまず, 現在進行中の恋愛体験について, 熱中度や, 類似性, 重要性などいくつかの項目で評定を求めた。また, 過去の失恋体験についても, ショックの大きさ, 関係から得た自信などについて評定を求めた。同時にオリジナルに開発した社会的スキル尺度 (ENDE2) と異性関係スキル尺度 (DATE2) により, 基本スキルと異性関係スキルの測定を行った。因子分析の結果, ENDE2では, 男子4因子, 女子3因子が得られた。このうち記号化スキルと解読スキルはどちらにも共通に含まれていた。DATE2の分析からは, 男子7因子, 女子6因子が抽出された。2つのスキル間の関連性を検討したところ, 女子では記号化・解読スキルと異性関係スキルの問に中程度の相関が見られた。一方男子では, 基本スキルのそれぞれが, 異性関係スキルの諸因子と別個の相関を示していた。この結果は, デート場面でイニシアチブを求められることにより, 男子は多様なスキルを早めに高め, 状況に応じて使い分けることが必要になるものと解釈された。<BR>また, 現在進行中の恋愛関係とスキルの関連を分析した結果, 異性・基本スキルとも関係の発展と共に高まる傾向が示されたが, その発展の過程には明確な性差がみられた。男性は, 発展の初期に相手への情熱を高め, スキルを洗練させてゆく傾向があった。これに対し, 女性は相手の特性を慎重に検討し, 関係が重要であるという認識を得た後に, 急速にスキルを発展させることが明らかになった。さらに, 過去の失恋体験もスキルの向上に影響しており, 男性では過去の失恋から得た自信やショックの大きさがスキルの向上と有意な関連をもっていたのに対し, 女性では自分から強い愛情を示しながら失恋した場合にはスキルが高まるが, それ以外に過去体験との関連はみられなかった。これらの知見はこれまでの恋愛や失恋に関する研究結果を支持するものと考えられる。
著者
坂口 守彦 佐藤 健司
出版者
公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会
雑誌
化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.8, pp.504-509, 1998-08-25 (Released:2009-05-25)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
4 4

5 0 0 0 OA 吉田松陰全集

著者
山口県教育会 編
出版者
岩波書店
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第12巻, 1940
著者
寺内 謙元 川井 太加子
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.41-72, 2016-12-05

"A Field Study on the Actual Conditions of Senior Citizens with Dementia in Izumi City," a joint study conducted by Izumi City and St. Andrew's University, was presented in March, 2014. The purpose of the study was to collect basic data on measures taken for persons with dementia in the municipal area of Izumi City, to identify any underlying issues, and to analyze what the next steps should be. The data was collected by investigating the understanding of dementia, and the everyday lives of persons with dementia and their family members, the support being provided to patients by medical institutions and designated in-home long-term care support providers, the beliefs and principles dementia supporters were guiding themselves by, and the ways that communities could be aided. Our aim was to grasp the current situation and issues of senior citizens with dementia and find ways to provide them with in-home care so that they can lead their lives with their wishes respected, concern-free and, most importantly, in their communities. Therefore, since the focus of the aforementioned field study was on the municipal area of Izumi City, we decided to adopt the items presented in the study and look further into them. In order to acquire a logical understanding of the actual conditions of senior citizens with dementia, we researched a number of items, such as nursing care services covered by insurance, the present state of family caregiving, and the provision of social resources to caregiving and medical services, and examined how strongly these items were interrelated. The data obtained from investigating the actual conditions of senior citizens with dementia in Izumi City were sorted according to certain conditions, subjected to statistical processing, and analyzed. In this study, we dealt with primary insured persons. From our analyses, we found that the amount of the burden felt by caregivers varied depending on the length of time they were undertaking caregiving. Caregiver burden, or stress, was found to be lower in caregivers with experience of under a year but to increase considerably as the length of time exceeded a year and continue to be felt strongly into the third year ; the burden was found to then gradually lighten. In order to maintain enough strength to continue caregiving, caregivers must not become isolated from society. Consulting experts in one's community is known to be an effective way to stay in touch with society. In our study, care managers were found to be the most consulted. This fact most likely reflects the current need caregivers have for care managers to serve as consultants when applying for nursing care services. Family members and relatives were the next most often consulted, which suggests that caregiving is not something that can be performed by a single caregiver but requires a team of family members and relatives. The next most often consulted were care facility operators and care service providers, indicating that caregivers seek advice when experts from home-visit nursing care facilities or senior citizen day care centers pay daily visits. One of the most difficult cases of caregiving is when the receiver is suffering from dementia. In our study, nearly 70% of caregivers who responded that their receiver was either "diagnosed with dementia, or was not but is highly likely to have dementia," said they were feeling stressed from caregiving. When caregivers sought consultation, especially in the hope of relieving their stress, those who caregivers found particularly helpful were again experts from home-visit nursing care facilities and senior citizen day care centers, as well as their care receivers' doctors. Of these three sources, the one that caregivers responded they felt relieved the most after consulting were home-visit nursing care providers. This is most likely because "home-visit nursing care providers" have more opportunities to interact with caregivers as well as care receivers than do care providers at "senior citizen day care centers" or "their care receivers' doctors." Such opportunities must be enabling home-visit nursing care providers to build interpersonal relationships with caregivers, through which caregivers are finding care providers helpful in relieving stress. In addition, a cross-sectional analysis examining the struggles and problems encountered during caregiving revealed that caregivers did not know who they could contact for consultation on dementia or knew much about this disease. Dementia's status as a lesser known disease among the general public could be the cause of this situation. Another cross-sectional analysis, which examined the responses from caregivers feeling stressed and the symptoms care receivers were showing, found that a great number of these caregivers reported symptoms such as "memory loss" and "repeated questions or statements." This shows that caregivers are finding it difficult to communicate with their care receivers. In addition, a concern shared by these caregivers was expressed over the decreasing levels of independence that their care receivers were showing each day and how much further they may decrease. This concern indicates that some amount of these caregivers' stress is coming from the unpredictable ways in which the symptoms of this disease develop. For the reasons above, rather than simply advising caregivers "not to leave persons with dementia alone (but to watch over them closely)," discussions must consider the diversity of symptoms by which this disease deprives sufferers of the self-reliance necessary for daily life, as well as the fact that the unpredictability of this disease is causing caregiver burden, and move towards reviewing the support services currently offered and revising the current support system where necessary, such as the application procedures for receiving nursing care services. Since an analysis covering all circumstances related to support measures for persons with dementia and their caregivers would be beyond the scope of this paper, we focus our analysis on the amount of caregiver burden, whether care receivers were diagnosed with dementia, and the receivers' level of care. From our analysis, we argue that the support that caregivers and care receivers require changes as the course of caregiving proceeds, and that they need support accordingly.
著者
Masamichi OHBA Hiroaki UEDA
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.3, pp.335-348, 2007 (Released:2007-08-09)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
59 77

One possible impact of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Indian Ocean (IO) on the ongoing El Niño is investigated using an air-sea coupled general circulation model (CGCM). A suite of CGCM experiments by imposing the IO basin-wide warming (BW) and IO dipole/zonal mode (IODZM) are conducted to assess the feedback effects of the El Niño-related SST anomalies on the Pacific. While the IODZM during boreal fall does not have a significant impact on the Pacific sector, the BW during boreal winter enhances the surface easterlies over the equatorial Western Pacific (WP) during the maturedecay phase of El Niño. The strengthened easterlies act to enhance the SST cooling over the WP, thereby the zonal gradient of SST between the IO and WP is greater than the climatology. These enhanced WP easterlies induce an advanced transition to the La Niña phase, which is caused by the upwelling ocean Kelvin waves. These results imply that the BW in the IO, to some extent, can be hastening the El Niño to La Niña transition.