著者

Kei YOSHIMURA Taikan OKI Nobuhito OHTE Shinjiro KANAE

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.1315-1329, 2004 (Released:2004-12-17)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

56 86

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This study investigated the dynamic motion of atmospheric water advection by an analytic method called colored moisture analysis (CMA), that allows for the estimation and visualization of atmospheric moisture advection from specific source regions. The CMA water transport model includes balance equations with the upstream scheme and, uses external meteorological forcings. The forcings were obtained from the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiments (GAME) reanalysis. A numerical simulation with 79 global sections was run for April to October 1998. The results clearly showed seasonal variations in advection associated with large-scale circulation fields, particularly a difference between rainy and dry seasons associated with the Asian monsoon. The paper also proposes a new definition of southwest Asian monsoon onset and decay, based on the amount of water originating from the Indian Ocean. Earliest onset occurs over southeastern Indochina around 16- 25 May. Subsequent onset occurs in India one month later. These results agree with previous studies on the Asian monsoon onset/end. The CMA provides a clearer, more integrated view of temporal and spatial changes in atmospheric circulation fields, particularly Asian monsoon activities, than previous studies that focused only on one or two distinct circulation features, such as precipitation or wind speed. Furthermore, monsoon transition in a specific year, 1998, first became analyzable, whereas the previous studies used climatologies.

著者

田中 瑛津子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.23-36, 2015 (Released:2015-08-22)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

4 10

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理科における種類の異なる興味を弁別可能な尺度を作成し, それぞれの興味の特徴について検討することを目的とし, 小学5年生から高校1年生まで1,998名を対象とした質問紙調査を行った。結果, 理科に対する興味は「自分で実験を実際にできるから」などの項目からなる「実験体験型興味」, 「実験の結果に驚くことがあるから」などの項目からなる「驚き発見型興味」, 「わかるようになった時うれしいから」などの項目からなる「達成感情型興味」, 「色々なことについて知ることができるから」などの項目からなる「知識獲得型興味」, 「自分で予測を立てられるから」などの項目からなる「思考活性型興味」, 「自分の生活とつながっているから」などの項目からなる「日常関連型興味」, 以上6つに分類されることが示された。また, 「思考活性型興味」や「日常関連型興味」は, 「意味理解方略」や「学習行動」と関連のある重要な種類の興味であるにもかかわらず, どの学年においても他の種類の興味に比べて低い, ということが示唆された。

著者

脇 司 澤畠 拓夫

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌 (ISSN:13422367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.23-29, 2019-08-31 (Released:2019-09-12)

参考文献数

33

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Nematodes of the genus Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976 (Secernentea: Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) are terrestrial gastropod parasites and mainly target land slugs. In this study, land slugs were surveyed at 14 locations in seven prefectures of Honshu Island, Japan, to determine Phasmarhabditis spp. infection. Juvenile nematodes of unknown species were found in Meghimatium bilineatum Benson, 1842, at five of the 14 locations. The prevalence and mean intensities ranged from 4.5% to 93.3% and from 4.7 to 22.5 nematodes per host, respectively. A total of 881 juveniles were incubated with slug tissues for 2–10 days, and subsequently developed into adult stage showing the diagnostic characteristics of Phasmarhabditis spp. No nematodes were found from slugs of the genus Lehmannia sampled where M. bilineatum were infected, indicating a difference among host species in their sensitivity to the nematodes. Twenty M. bilineatum from Meguro in Tokyo, Japan, where the prevalence in the host population was >90%, were maintained under laboratory conditions. After 23 days, 11 of the 20 slugs died and the cadavers were infected with numerous nematodes. Since three species of Phasmarhabditis nematodes are known to be lethal to terrestrial gastropods, the nematodes we sampled possibly have a lethal effect on the host slugs.

著者

稲葉 次郎

出版者

Japan Health Physics Society

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.109-116, 1977 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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As any radiation exposure may involve some degree of risk the International Commission of Radiation Protection recommends that any unnecessary exposure be avoided, and that all doses be kept ALARA, i. e., as low as is readily achievable, economic and social considerations being taken into account. To define the level at which it can be said that a dose is ALARA the use of cost- (or risk-) benefit analysis is required. In making a cost-benefit calculation the most difficult step is the conversion of positive and negative effect into a consistent set of units, i. e., conversion of man-rem into dollars. This paper presents the monetary value of population dose which appeared in the past reports (six papers reffered by ICRP Publication 22, BEIR Report and NRC-10CFR50, App. I).We must be very careful in the application of cost-benefit analysis to decision making of individual cases, but the estimated risk in monetary term may help us at least to check whether we act in a consistent way.

著者

JIN Hao JIN Yi DOYLE James D.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-011, (Released:2018-11-12)

被引用文献数

2

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Typhoon Nepartak was a category 5 tropical cyclone of 2016 and had significant societal impacts. It went through a rapid intensification (RI), with an increase of maximum wind speed of 51 m s-1 and a decrease of minimum sea level pressure of 74 hPa in 42 h. The real-time forecast from the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System – Tropical Cyclone (COAMPS-TC), starting from 1200 UTC 3 July, predicted the track and intensity reasonably well for Super Typhoon Nepartak and captured the storm’s RI process. Positive interactions among primary and secondary circulations, surface enthalpy fluxes, and mid-level convective heating are demonstrated to be critical for the RI. The storm structure variations seen from the simulated satellite infrared brightness temperature during RI bear considerable resemblance to the Himawari-8 satellite images, although the forecast inner core is too broad, presumably due to the relatively coarse resolution (5 km) used for the real-time forecasts at the time.

著者

加藤 進 橋口 浩之 津田 敏隆 山本 衛

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会 通信ソサイエティマガジン (ISSN:21860661)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.236-242, 2016-03-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

13

著者

ドネリー・ ピーター

出版者

日本スポーツ社会学会

雑誌

スポーツ社会学研究 (ISSN:09192751)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.3-22, 2015-10-15 (Released:2016-10-07)

参考文献数

35

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スポーツの当局者や政治家たちが未だに「スポーツは政治と関わりあうべきではない」と力説するのを耳にするかもしれないが、それが事実だと信じる人をみつけることは増々難しくなっている。 特にこのことは、あからさまなナショナリズムからそのイベントの経済活動まで、その全てのプロセスが非常に政治化されている国際的なスポーツイベントについてあてはまる。オリンピックのような大きなスポーツイベントの開催は、非常に多くのアクターを引き合わせる。それらは互いに異なり、時に利益を争っている。これまで大抵の研究は国際オリンピック委員会と相互に関係する「札つきたち」―様々なレベルの政府・自治体や国内/国際企業―に焦点を当ててきた。しかし、考察すべき権力軸は他にもある。本稿で私は、第1に、ヨーロッパの人間が未だに組織のほとんどの権力を保持していることを示す最近のデータを参照しながら、それに対するオリンピック・ムーブメントにおけるアジアの相対的な政治的権力について考察する。第2に、「札つきたち」が保持している高度な権力について考察する。「ソフトパワー」の手段として国際的なスポーツを利用することや、彼らによって引き起こされたオリンピック・スポーツのいくつかの問題について指摘する。第3に、学術論文ではほとんど研究されていないが、オリンピックの形態や意味に影響力をもつ、諸個人や諸集団、諸組織によって保持されている中間レベルの権力について考察する。特にここでは、どの国も大規模な国際的スポーツイベントを開催するときにはいつもサービスを提供し、時によっては雇用もされる、国際的なコンサルタントや専門家の組織に焦点を当てる。更に、間接的ではあるがしばしば予期せぬ影響力をもつ、オリンピックの批判者や抗議者たちについても考察する。

著者

本村 浩之

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌 (ISSN:13422367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.32-53, 2013-02-28 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

41

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In this paper, the author presents a practical and theoretical approach to studying fish taxonomy for students and early career researchers, based on his personal experience working on the revision of threadfins-marine and freshwater fishes of the family Polynemidae. The approach is systematically arranged and described under twelve chapters, including an introduction, an insight into fish taxonomy research opportunities, and a conclusion, in the following order: Introduction; Research start-up; Writing the first taxonomic paper; Revisionary work: focus on common and widespread species; Reassessment of type specimens and original descriptions; The distributional implications of target taxa; Morphology and Ecology; Comparison between revision and review of taxonomic papers; A strategy on the order of publications; Recognizing species differences: natural aptitude or plentiful experience?; Research frontier: the numerous undescribed Southeast Asian freshwater fish species; and Conclusion.

著者

石黒 要 今井 哲也 品川 誠

出版者

Japan Surgical Association

雑誌

日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.7, pp.1639-1642, 2005-07-25 (Released:2009-01-22)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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症例は68歳,女性.慢性関節リウマチのため10年以上プレドニゾロン10mg/日を服用していた. 2003年9月18日,腹痛を認め救急車にて搬送された.腹部CT検査にて小腸穿孔・汎発性腹膜炎と診断,手術を施行した.回盲部より30cm口側の回腸に穿孔を認め,小腸切除術を施行した.病理組織学的検査では,潰瘍底にカンジダの増殖を伴う潰瘍を2カ所に認め,うち一方が穿孔していた.医学中央雑誌で過去10年間を検索したが,カンジダによる成人の小腸穿孔の報告はなかった.カンジダは易感染性の患者に日和見感染症を起こし重篤になる場合がある.小腸カンジダ症は稀ではあるが,潰瘍や穿孔の一因になりうるということを,再度認識する必要があると思われた.

著者

Takahito Kajiki Shiro Komba

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.103-112, 2019-08-20 (Released:2019-08-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6

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We have developed a novel low-molecular-mass oil-gelling agent that is electrically neutral, has no nitrogen atoms and consists only of cyclic sugar alcohols and saturated linear fatty acids. The cyclic sugar alcohols were 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) and 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (1,5-AM) derived from starch via 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose. Various saturated linear fatty acids with 10 to 18 and 22 carbon atoms were introduced into all the hydroxy groups of 1,5-AG. Various saturated linear fatty acids with 13 to 18 and 22 carbon atoms were introduced into all the hydroxy groups of 1,5-AM. Initially, the gelling ability increased as the carbon number increased, but the gelling ability decreased as the carbon number increased beyond 17 carbons. This trend was similar for both 1,5-AG and 1,5-AM. A comparison of 1,5-AG and 1,5-AM derivatives revealed that 1,5-AG derivatives had greater gelling abilities for different kinds of oils at the same fatty acid length. Further, it was confirmed by SEM observations that a three-dimensional fibrous structure was formed, and this network structure formed the gel and held the oil. Here, we report the synthesis and characteristics of a novel low-molecular-weight gelling agent and its gelation mechanism.

著者

Junko Matsuki Masahisa Wada Tomoko Sasaki Koichi Yoza Ken Tokuyasu

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.97-102, 2019-08-20 (Released:2019-08-28)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

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Ethanol precipitation process for purification of branched dextrin (BD) in Nägeli amylodextrin from waxy rice starch was developed. Temperature and ethanol concentration for precipitation were main parameters affecting the recovery and purity of BD, and the purification condition at 4 °C and 10 % (v/v) ethanol in water was adopted. After four-time precipitation, the BD recovery was 34.6 %, whereas the purity improved from 78.5 % at the initial to 94.5 % at the four-time purified BD (BD4). BD4 mainly showed a chain length distribution between 18 to 35 with a mode length of 25, which shifted after enzymatic debranching with isoamylase to that between 9 and 20 with a mode length of 14. Each purified BD was solubilized in water, and each solution was mixed with methanol-water at 25 °C to a final methanol concentration of 16 M. The flakes of BD precipitated with 16 M methanol exhibited an A-type crystal structure by an X-ray diffraction analysis, and the speed generation of white flakes in 16 M methanol dramatically increased as the purification time increased. The effect of addition of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) or sodium tetraborate on BD aggregation in 16 M methanol was also investigated, where the former retarded aggregation but the latter had no effect on the velocity. Thus, the purified BD enables rapid characterization of aggregation of double helix structures of A-type crystal structure, and screening of compounds which could affect the phenomena for prediction of potentials in starch modification as well.

著者

Kiyoshi Kawai Iyo Uneyama Savitree Ratanasumawong Yoshio Hagura Ken Fukami

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.89-96, 2019-08-20 (Released:2019-08-28)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6

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Glass transition temperature (Tg) is an important parameter for the physical quality control of hard candies. In order to understand the applicability of calcium maltobionate to hard candy, effect of calcium maltobionate addition on the Tg of model and hand-made hard candies was investigated. Freeze-dried calcium maltobionate-sugar (sucrose containing a small amount of glucose-fructose mixture) and calcium maltobionate-reduced isomaltulose mixtures were prepared as model candies, and their anhydrous Tg was evaluated using a differential scanning calorimetry. The anhydrous Tg increased linearly with the molar fraction of calcium maltobionate. From these results, it was expected that calcium maltobionate can improve the physical stability of normal and sugarless candies. For comparison, various commercial candies were employed, and their Tg was evaluated using a thermal rheological analysis. The Tg values were in the range of 28–49 °C. The Tg values were higher than 25 °C, which is significant with respect to the physical stability of the candies. Calcium maltobionate-sugar and calcium maltobionate-reduced isomaltulose candies were prepared as hand-made candies. The calcium maltobionate-reduced isomaltulose candies had higher Tg than the calcium maltobionate-sugar candies at each calcium maltobionate content, although reduced isomaltulose has a lower Tg than sugar. At a high calcium maltobionate content, calcium maltobionate-reduced isomaltulose candy had an equivalent Tg to the commercial sugarless candies, and thus practically acceptable stability was expected. In the case of calcium maltobionate-sugar candies, there was a possibility that the hydrolysis of sugar reduced their Tg. Vacuum-concentration will be useful to improve the Tg of the candies.

著者

Naoki Shirasaka Koichi Harazono Ryota Nakahigashi Keigo Mitsui Jun Tanaka Sayaka Tanazawa Masaru Mitsutomi Takayuki Ohnuma

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.83-88, 2019-08-20 (Released:2019-08-28)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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We characterized SaHEX, which is a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 20 exo-β-N-acetylhexosaminidase found in Streptomyces avermitilis. SaHEX exolytically hydrolyzed chitin oligosaccharides from their non-reducing ends, and yielded N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as the end product. According to the initial rate of substrate hydrolysis, the rates of (GlcNAc)3 and (GlcNAc)5 hydrolysis were greater than the rates for the other oligosaccharides. The enzyme exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, which was probably due to hydrolytic activity with regard to chitin in the hyphal tips. Therefore, SaHEX has potential for use in GlcNAc production and food preservation.

著者

三沢 岳志 小池 秀雄 小林 和人

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報プロフェッショナルシンポジウム予稿集 第16回情報プロフェッショナルシンポジウム

巻号頁・発行日

pp.73-77, 2019 (Released:2019-06-14)

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特許出願の件数の推移は、その特許出願が技術的に関連する製品の出荷台数推移や製品のライフサイクルステージと大きな相関を持つことが考えられる。本稿では、明細書にその応用製品が記載された特許出願の件数推移とその将来予測、製品コア技術の特許出願件数推移とその将来予測から、製品の将来の出荷台数を予測することで、製品ライフサイクルステージの特定が可能であることを示す。なお予測の基本方式としては、それぞれの特許出願件数推移にBassモデルによる近似式を適用した。現状では市場の状況の事後的な把握でしか確認することのできない製品ライフサイクルステージを、知的財産の情報に基づいて予測できれば、知的財産戦略の立案にも有効であるとともに、事業戦略の転換時期の決定においても参考にもなるものと考える。

著者

川端 由美子

出版者

日本労務学会

雑誌

日本労務学会誌 (ISSN:18813828)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.26-42, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

44

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This study examines the human resources management systems for spousal transfers, including workplace transfer programs, administrative leave for trailing spouses programs, and reemployment programs. It was revealed that, even when companies had human resources management systems in place to deal with spousal transfers, they were not necessarily thorough in their responses.Workplace transfer programs are offered by companies across the country, implementing course based personnel management systems. Such programs have often been used, but transfers for trailing spouses pose difficulties for the following four reasons. First problem is location. A job location must be found within a territory where the trailing spouse’s company operates, where there must be a job opening, and the more rural area is, the fewer jobs it has. Second problem is job content; as the work may vary according to the workplace locations, one may have to make a choice to opting for the location or for a job in which one has experiences. Third, such programs are part of regular personnel rotations, hence, there is a time lag before starting the new job. The program applicants have to deal with issues involved in the job transfer while waiting for the company’s decision on whether the relocation is accepted. Fourth, such programs do not envision reuse within a short period of time. Though reuse is formally possible, it is not culturally accepted.Administrative leave for trailing spouses programs is mainly set to prevent women in career track positions from resigning. In many companies, such programs are limited to those whose spouses have been transferred overseas. This non-statutory leave involves the following three issues. First, such programs contain several restrictions: approval authority lies with the company and the total of each leave period must be within the fixed limit. These restrictions make it impossible for such programs to meet individual needs. Second, administrative leave causes a gap in one’s career. Because such programs are not statutory, the companies do not offer assistance in reentering the work force, and it is not even considered. Third, cases of domestic transfers are basically ineligible. In addition, there are no plans to expand such eligibility.Reemployment programs are implemented as a form of mid-career hiring, so they are easy to introduce, and many companies have done so. Reemployment after being out of the work force is not the continuation of employment but a way to restart employment, which involves the following three issues. First, taking advantage of these programs is difficult unless the employee’s spouse’s transfer has been stopped, because there is a limit to the number of years that one may be out of the work force. Second, similar to administrative leave for trailing spouses programs, there would be a gap in one’s employment history, so getting back into one’s career is difficult. Third, reemployment possibilities are determined by companies’ needs since such programs can be customized for responding the business climate.Job transfers affect not only the transferred ones but also their spouses’ companies. Companies that transfer employees are on both the giving and receiving ends of this impact. However, the fact is that companies have little awareness of it. Even if they introduce human resources management systems for spousal transfers, they are unable to carry them out well. When a company transfers an employee, it is crucial to consider how to support the employee, which includes provision of an adequate explanation beforehand, coordination between the company and the employee, and achievement of a mutual agreement.

著者

横川 晴美

出版者

Japan Society of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis

雑誌

熱測定 (ISSN:03862615)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.72-80, 1984-04-25 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

22

著者

中村 本然

出版者

智山勧学会

雑誌

智山学報 (ISSN:02865661)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.96-137, 2018 (Released:2019-03-30)

参考文献数

110

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『釈摩訶衍論』は修行論として、止観の法門を重視する論を展開する。修行者にとって魔事は克服すべき課題であり、『釈摩訶衍論』の論主にとっても念頭から離れることはなかった。「広釈魔事対治門」では、魔・外道・鬼・神の四種の仮人について詳細な考証が施されている。中でも修行者を迷わせる外道に多方面からの検討がみられる。『大乗起信論』の注釈書である元暁の『起信論疏』には、諸魔を天魔、鬼を堆愓鬼、神を精媚神とする。法蔵の『大乗起信論義記』は元暁の解釈を引き継ぐ姿勢を窺わせる。報告では、止観の修行に注目した『釈摩訶衍論』の論主の趣旨に迫ることにした。

著者

大山 和伸 松野 澄和

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.12, pp.772-775, 2005 (Released:2007-02-02)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2 5

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本記事に「抄録」はありません。

著者

斎藤 寛樹 江原 義弘 岩谷 友倫 大崎 諒

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人間工学会

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.355-361, 2010-12-15 (Released:2011-07-08)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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一般的なバランス制御の身体運動は倒立振り子モデルに当てはめられ解析されることが多い.このモデルでは関節モーメントを変化させ床反力作用点の動く範囲の上に重心を留めることでバランスを保持している.つまり支持基底面内に重心投影点をとどめている制御である.しかしこの制御方式はヒトのバランス制御を完全には網羅しているとはいえない.今回の研究では支持基底面外に重心投影点が飛び出してもバランスが保持される制御方式を実験的に証明するために,身体を足部と上部身体に分け,矢状面の二次元においてつま先立ち動作を解析した.この制御では床反力作用点を動かさずに,全身の角運動量の変化を大きくし,床反力による重心回りのモーメントを生じさせていた.それによって床反力が重心よりも大きく逸れ,身体が倒れていく方向とは逆方向に力を作用させることでバランスを保つことができた.

著者

吉田 淳

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF OVA RESEARCH

雑誌

Journal of Mammalian Ova Research (ISSN:13417738)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.190-197, 2011 (Released:2011-11-10)

参考文献数

7

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