著者
小川 和孝
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.100, pp.225-244, 2017

<p> 本論文では,日本の教育政策に対する人々の選好に関して,公的支出の水準と支出の配分を,それぞれ区別して分析する。これによって,日本の公教育におけるマクロな特徴を支えている,ミクロな意識構造を明らかにする。<br> 2011年に東京都内で行われた質問紙調査をデータとして,(1)税金を増やしてでも教育への公的支出を拡大すべきか,(2)異なる教育段階間ではどこに資源を配分すべきか,(3)同一教育段階内では,エリート的・非エリート的学校のどちらに資源を配分すべきか,という3つの次元を従属変数とする。独立変数としては,人々の持つ利害と,平等性規範が影響するという仮説を立てる。具体的には,性別,年齢,学歴,世帯年収,政党支持,高校生以下の子どもの有無,就業の有無を用いる。<br> 第一に,公的支出の水準に関しては,学歴や世帯収入による選好の違いは見られず,政党支持と高校以下の子どもの有無が影響している。第二に,異なる教育段階間における支出では,高学歴者は低次の教育段階への配分を望み,また左派的な人々は高次の教育段階への配分を望む傾向にある。第三に,同一教育段階内における支出では,高学歴者や富裕な人々はエリート的な教育機関への配分を,また左派的な人々は非エリート的な教育機関への配分を,それぞれ支持している。これらの理論的な示唆として,高等教育への公的支出に伴う逆進性と,意識の次元に見られる社会的な閉鎖性について考察する。</p>
著者
Kazumasa Fujita Shota Kajiyama Hiroo Noguchi Takeshi Arita
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF BIORHEOLOGY
雑誌
Journal of Biorheology (ISSN:18670466)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, pp.31-37, 2022 (Released:2022-07-29)
参考文献数
27

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent arrythmias worldwide and associated with an increased risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. Stroke prevention with direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) is recommended in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) at high risk of stroke. WATCHMANTM percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) device is currently introduced as an alternative to DOAC for patients with NVAF ineligible for long-term administration of DOAC due to high risk of bleeding. This review article may contribute to recognize the paradigm shift in which stroke prevention should be carried out topically but not systemically, because left atrial appendage (LAA) is the main source of thrombus formation in AF patients. In addition, this review article introduces the current knowledge and future perspective of LAAC strategy and technology.
著者
北川 尚広
出版者
岡山医学会
雑誌
岡山医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00301558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.3-4, pp.359-377, 1994 (Released:2009-03-30)
参考文献数
14

Some parameters are altered by the magnetic field strength, and a different image is obtained with the same parameter, because of the altered magnetic field strength. The contrast effect by contrast material for MRI (Gd-DTPA) differs with the magnetic field strength. We studied the T1 and T2 relaxation time of various solutions and relaxivity of Gd-DTPA with a low (0.2tesla) and high (1.5tesla) magnetic field machine, and considered the optimal sequence. T1 relaxation time is prolonged 2040% at 1.5T compared with 0.2T. Using MnCl2, the relaxivity of Gd-DTPA is 3.66.8mmo1-1 sec-11. Using albumin, the relaxivity is 5.812.1mmo1-1 sec-11. This difference is due to the difference in molecular size. T1 contrast, T2 contrast and signal intensity are weak with the low magnetic field machine. The signal intensity must be strengthened by changing some parameters (acquisitions, matrix, band width, etc.), and a shorter TR is suitable for T1 weighted images with a low magnetic field machine. For postcontrast T1 weighted images, shorter TR and shorter TE are useful to obtain a good contrast. More contrast material, and a longer TE is suitable for T2 weighted images wiht a low magnetic field machine.
著者
若月 利之
出版者
土壌物理学会
雑誌
土壌の物理性 (ISSN:03876012)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.112, pp.13-25, 2009 (Released:2021-09-06)
参考文献数
37

ガーナ,ナイジェリア等における筆者らの水田稲作研究に基づき,アフリカの水田農業において緑の革命が成功していない自然科学 · 社会科学的要因を述べ,緑の革命の実現を可能にするための二つの仮説(水田(Sawah,サワ)仮説)について解説した.第一の仮説は,「アフリカに緑の革命をもたらす技術は,バイオテクノロジーのような品種改良だけでは不十分であり,農民の穀物栽培生態環境の改良を行うエコテクノロジー(生態工学技術)が必要」であり,第二の仮説は,「水および物質の循環量の少ないアフリカにおいては水田の開発適地の選別が重要であることを前提に,適地に開発された水田は適切に管理されれば,畑作の 10 倍以上の持続可能な生産性をもたらすこと」である. 後者において,水田の開発適地の選別のためには,集水域における物質循環の把握が重要であり,土壌物理学分野の研究協力が不可欠であることを述べた.
著者
駒宮 安男
雑誌
情報処理
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.6, 1976-06-15
著者
岩田 航季 鈴木 麗璽 有田 隆也
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第34回 (2020)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.4C2GS1302, 2020 (Released:2020-06-19)

AIプレイヤーは,囲碁等の二人完全情報ゲームでは,プロの人間に勝つ段階に至っている一方,人狼等の多人数不完全情報コミュニケーションゲームでは未だ大きな課題である.我々は,AIプレイヤー作成を通じて人間の認知特性の理解を目的とし,連想カードゲームDixitを対象に研究を開始している.Dixitはすべて異なった絵柄のカードを用い,手番では選んだカードから連想される言葉を言う.他プレイヤーはそれに関連するカードを1枚出す.そして,手番以外のプレイヤーが投票するが正解者が0か全員だと手番プレイヤーは得点が得られないというゲームである.他プレイヤーの思考や連想が重要となる. 本研究ではGoogle Cloud Vision APIを用いた絵柄からのラベル抽出,MeCabとword2vecを用いたラベルと言葉間の類似度計算により,AIプレイヤーを実現した.AIプレイヤーを交えたゲームを行った結果,人間はAIの投票先の傾向を感じ取り,手番時にはAIには連想困難で,人間には連想しやすい言葉を積極的に用いる戦略を取ることが認められた.今後,AIプレイヤーの強化を通じて,人間の認知の特性を明らかにしていく.
著者
長井 雅史 小林 哲夫
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.1, pp.65-99, 2015-02-25 (Released:2015-03-11)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
10 11

Ioto (Iwo-Jima; Sulphur Island) is a volcanic island located at the volcanic front of the Izu-Bonin arc about 1250 km south of Tokyo. The island consists of a central cone and southwest rim of a submarine caldera with a diameter of about 10 km. The rocks of the volcano are trachyandesite and trachyte, which are seldom found at a volcanic front. High rates of geothermal activity and crustal uplift have been observed, which are considered to be related to magma intruding at a shallow depth. Therefore, Ioto volcano is considered to be an active resurgent dome. However, eruptive history, including the process and timing of caldera formation, has not been clarified. Eruptive history based on our recent field survey, dating, and chemical analysis is as follows. A pre-caldera edifice was formed by volcanic activity of trachyandesite-trachyte magma in a subaerial and subaqueous environment. The magma composition and types of eruption were similar to those of the post-caldera edifice. It is still unclear when the caldera was formed. The caldera floor, which was a sedimentary basin with shallow marine sediments and a subaqueous lava flow, has been present at least since 2.7 cal kBP. Furthermore, a small volcanic island covered with trees used to exist in the Motoyama area. The complicated sequence of the Motoyama 2.7 cal kBP eruption is described as follows. First, on the volcanic island or in the surrounding shallow water, an explosive phreatomagmatic eruption occurred that formed subaqueous welded tuff (Hinodehama ignimbrite) and a subsequent thick subaqueous lava flow (Motoyama lava). While the Motoyama lava was still hot, the eastern part collapsed. The collapsed mass was quenched to form large blocks similar to pillow lava. A subsequent large phreatomagmatic eruption occurred, destroying the hot Motoyama lava, the older edifice, and the marine sediment. The resultant subaqueous pyroclastic flow generated the Motoyama pyroclastic deposit. Then, the eruption center shifted to the Suribachiyama area, which is just outside the southwest caldera rim. Deposits from three different eruption periods have been identified—lower, middle, and upper pyroclastic deposits—and a lava flow that erupted during the middle pyroclastic period. The lower unit was formed by a subaqueous eruption at a deeper level; the middle deposit was formed by a phreatomagmatic explosion at a shallow depth; and, the following lava emission generated a lava island. The upper pyroclastic deposit was generated by a combination of phreatomagmatic and Strombolian eruptions. Although the ages of these eruptions are not obvious, the first phase of the eruption occurred during the period between 2.7 cal kBP and 0.8-0.5 kBP, which is estimated from the age of the upper marine terrace X (Kaizuka et al., 1983). The eruption of the upper deposit occurred before AD 1779 (ca. 0.2 kBP). The eruptive products described so far are covered with younger sediment from marine terraces and spits. Recently, small-scale deposits from phreatic explosions accompanied by geothermal and uplift activities have been found distributed throughout the island, but juvenile material has not been confirmed to exist in the products.
著者
上利 博規
出版者
静岡大学人文学部
雑誌
人文論集 (ISSN:02872013)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.A17-A37, 2001-07-31

Over the last thirty years after Adorno's death(1969) the situation of music culture of the world has changed. The purpose of this study is to examine whether Adorno's popular music criticism is still valid for contemporary music culture, and moreover to contribute to the rearrangement of music culture theory. First, I briefly describe the meaning that popular music criticism has in Adorno's philosophy. Section n outlines Adorno's popular music criticism in his five treatises. Section n examines Adorno's criticism from the point of view of comparative music culture theory. We can find the limitations of Adorno's popular music criticism in that he has only one standard to criticize popular music, and we come to the conclusion that we need more fora for critical discussion to improve the quality of popular music.