著者
松本 友一郎 釘原 直樹
出版者
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.2, pp.167-173, 2009 (Released:2009-03-26)
参考文献数
21

本研究は,看護師を対象に,上司との関係についてのスタッフの評価,そのスタッフによって推測された上司からの評価,上司との関係における対人ストレスコーピングの3つと部下の心理的ストレス反応の関連について検討した。上司との関係を公的な側面と私的な側面から検討した結果,特に公的な側面において,上司との関係に関するスタッフ自身の評価よりも,上司からの評価に対する推測の方が,そのスタッフの心理的ストレス反応と強く関連していることが見出された。この結果は,自己の抑制を必要とする感情労働としての特徴が,患者との関係と同様に,上司との関係においてもみられることを示唆している。私的な側面については,上司からの評価に対する推測が心理的ストレス反応と正の関連があった。さらに,本研究の対人ストレスコーピングに関する結果は,患者との関係における看護師の対人ストレスコーピングに関する先行研究の結果と概ね一致していた。よって,看護師における対人ストレスの特徴は,患者との関係だけでなく,上司との関係においてもみられるといえる。
著者
土倉 莞爾
出版者
関西大学法学会
雑誌
関西大学法学論集 (ISSN:0437648X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.4, pp.987-1020, 2021-11
著者
冨田 啓貴
出版者
一般社団法人 日本人類学会
雑誌
Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.129, no.2, pp.35-52, 2021

<p>社会経済格差は健康格差を生む一因であることが指摘されている。本研究は,身分制社会であった江戸時代において,2集団の人骨からみた健康状態と社会経済格差の間の関連性を明らかにすることを目的とする。本研究では,福岡県北九州市小倉の2遺跡(開善寺跡・京町遺跡)から出土した江戸時代の武士層と推定されている77体の人骨を用いて,死亡年齢,ストレスマーカー,齲歯及び生前喪失歯の分析,それに加えて,社会階層を示す墓制の検討を行った。死亡年齢推定の結果として,開善寺跡の集団においては,成年段階のうちに死亡している女性が男性より多いという特徴を示した。また,開善寺跡の集団を京町遺跡の集団と比較すると,エナメル質減形成,齲歯及び生前喪失歯の出現頻度が低い傾向を示した。この差が生じた要因を明らかにするため,墓制の検討を行った結果,2遺跡間で墓壙の密集度や埋葬施設に占める甕棺の割合が異なる傾向が認められ,開善寺跡の集団は京町遺跡の集団に比べ,社会階層の高い集団である可能性が示唆された。本結果は江戸時代の同一地域内において,社会経済格差が健康格差に影響を与えた一例だと考えられる。</p>
著者
ブンサーム スィラダー
出版者
広島大学大学院人間社会科学研究科
雑誌
広島大学大学院人間社会科学研究科紀要. 教育学研究 (ISSN:24360333)
巻号頁・発行日
no.2, pp.474-483, 2021-12-23

Sunset at Chaophraya (Khu Kam) is a well-known novel about Japan written in Thai by the Thai author Thommayanti in 1965-1969. Set in Bangkok during World War II, the novel tells the tragic love story of Kobori, a Japanese soldier, and Angsumarin, a Thai woman. In this study, I analyze elements of Japonism in Sunset at Chaophraya by focusing on the composition of the' man from developed country—woman from the Orient' dynamic to explore Thailand's national image via the mirror theory. Four elements of Japonism are discussed: 1) The concept of the man from developed country improving the woman from the Orient. 2) The image of Japan, Musume, and Samurai, particularly the change in the Samurai's image from savage to protector. 3) The motif of the intelligent Oriental woman trusted by the man from developed country. 4) The aspects of Kobori and Angsumarin's location emphasize the Orient's timelessness and exoticism, and that the man from developed country is assimilated into the life of the woman from the Orient. These elements, the dilution of Kobori's 'Japaneseness', and Angsumarin's pride as a Thai national, construct Japan and Thailand's equal position, which indicates Thommayanti's perception of the Thai nation.
著者
松原 健太郎
出版者
Japan Legal History Association
雑誌
法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2007, no.57, pp.189-212,en12, 2007 (Released:2013-04-01)

Legal historians concerned with traditional Chinese society have been interested in the "lineage" or "descent group" for a number of reasons. To name but two, one is the understanding of how property rights were organised through descent, and the other is to work out how social organisation through these groups was related to the rule of the imperial state bureaucracy. The seminal works of Maurice Freedman that came out in the late 1950s formulated an influential picture that integrated answers to both lines of inquiry. Based on the idea of the "lineage village", where agnatic and territorial groupings coincided, Freedman's formulation singled out the lineage, brought together and asymmetrically segmented through the distribution of property rights, as a dominant social organisation in southeastern China. However, his arguments have been criticised both in terms of their descriptive accuracy and by way of theoretical challenges against his structural-functionalist assumptions. This paper looks into how new lines of inquiry concerning lineages / descent groups were opened in conjunction with these criticisms, and reviews the current state of scholarship. Moreover, this paper combines this with the fruits of research into the Chinese lineage that come from Japanese and Chinese scholarship, both of which have been inspired by Freedman on one hand but have gone through unique processes of development on the other. Through such an exercise, this paper tries to show new directions of inquiry into the significance of the Chinese lineage, that engage with some fundamental issues of incorporation, local social organisation and property rights.
著者
安藤 史江
出版者
日本経営学会
雑誌
日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, pp.41-51, 2020 (Released:2021-06-16)
参考文献数
26

This paper focuses on “diversity” management in Japanese firms, which forms the basis of work-life-balance (WLB) policy. When discussing diversity, these firms in many cases focus on the validity of affirmative actions to the minorities, such as women with children. However, two aspects are frequently missed; (1) every new policy has not only positive but also negative effects, and (2) negative impact of the policy to the majority of the organization can be sometimes larger than the positives. The effects of diversity management policy to the overall morale of the firms, including both minority and majority, are investigated in this paper. In this aim, this study made a questionnaire survey to 222 sales employees of 15 branches of a firm, which is just starting to improve WLB and thus its diversity. The questionnaire utilizes parameters such as, “heterogeneous acceptability” which measures personal tolerance to diversity, “visualization of work” which means how they feel the transparency of work-flow in their workplace, and “improvement feeling of workplace.” Comparing the 15 branches, a clear trend was found; in branches the more visualization of work is, the better improvement feeling is. On the other hand, visualization and heterogeneous acceptability showed no correlation, which suggest the latter is regarded as personality inherent to individuals. Then improvement feeling was compared with heterogeneous acceptability. In 8 branches which are less transparent in work-flow, less-heterogeneous acceptability members showed smaller improvement feeling of workplace. However, in the other 7 branches with higher transparency to work-flow, improvement feeling was higher regardless of the degree of members' heterogeneous acceptability. The questionnaire survey results show, if a firm (or branch) provides better visualization of work, even the members who have less heterogeneous acceptability can significantly improve.
著者
加藤 千明 高井 研
出版者
日本宇宙生物科学会
雑誌
Biological Sciences in Space (ISSN:09149201)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.4, pp.341-352, 2000 (Released:2006-02-01)
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
5 7

Knowledge of our Planet's biosphere has increased tremendously during the last 10 to 20 years. In the field of Microbiology in particular, scientists have discovered novel “extremophiles”, microorganisms capable of living in extreme environments such as highly acidic or alkaline conditions, at high salt concentration, with no oxygen, extreme temperatures (as low as -20°C and as high as 300°C), at high concentrations of heavy metals and in high pressure environments such as the deep-sea. It is apparent that microorganisms can exist in any extreme environment of the Earth, yet already scientists have started to look for life on other planets; the so-called “Exobiology” project. But as yet we have little knowledge of the deep-sea and subsurface biosphere of our own planet. We believe that we should elucidate the Biodiversity of Earth more thoroughly before exploring life on other planets, and these attempts would provide deeper insight into clarifying the existence of extraterrestrial life. We focused on two deep-sea extremophiles in this article; one is “Piezophiles”, and another is “Hyperthermophiles”. Piezophiles are typical microorganisms adapted to high-pressure and cold temperature environments, and located in deep-sea bottom. Otherwise, hyperthermophiles are living in high temperature environment, and located at around the hydrothermal vent systems in deep-sea. They are not typical deep-sea microorganisms, but they can grow well at high-pressure condition, just like piezophiles. Deming and Baross mentioned that most of the hyperthermophilic archaea isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents are able to grow under conditions of high temperature and pressure, and in most cases their optimal pressure for growth was greater than the environmental pressure they were isolated from. It is possible that originally their native environment may have been deeper than the sea floor and that there had to be a deeper biosphere. This implication suggests that the deep-sea hydrothermal vents are the windows to a deep subsurface biosphere. A vast array of chemoautotrophic deep-sea animal communities have been found to exist in cold seep environments, and most of these animals are common with those found in hydrothermal vent environments. Thus, it is possible to consider that the cold seeps are also one of slit windows to a deep subsurface biosphere. We conclude that the deep-sea extremophiles are very closely related into the unseen majority in subsurface biosphere, and the subsurface biosphere probably concerns to consider the “exobiology”.
著者
吉村 いづみ
出版者
日本映像学会
雑誌
映像学 (ISSN:02860279)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.103, pp.54-72, 2020-01-25 (Released:2020-02-25)

第一次世界大戦時、戦争の長期化と国内の士気の低下を危惧した戦時内閣は、国内のプロパガンダを担う新たな組織である戦争目的国家委員会を1917年8月に設立した。この組織が行った映画に関与する活動は二つあり、一つは、組織内の部局である集会部と情報庁が協力して行った屋外での巡回上映活動、もう一つは、他の行政機関や民間の映画会社と連携した宣伝映画の製作であった。戦時貯蓄国家委員会と連携し、キンセラ&モーガン社と製作したKincartoonsシリーズは、娯楽性の高いアニメーション映画で、国民に戦時貯蓄証書の購入方法や、それがもたらす未来をわかりやすく説明した。本稿の目的は、戦争目的国家委員会が演説などで用いた宣伝方針とKincartoonsシリーズがどのように対応しているかを考察することである。キンセラ&モーガン社についての資料は殆ど残っていないが、Kincartoonsシリーズに共通する物語形式やキャラクターを注意深く分析した結果、そのメッセージは委員会が発行した印刷物やスピーチで用いられた宣伝方針に則していることがわかった。印刷物やスピーチで用いられた愛国心のレトリックは、物語形式やキャラクター、アニメーションや童謡の混合といった表現方法によって言語からイメージに変換されている。Kincartoonsシリーズは、わかりやすいメッセージによって、あらゆる世代の観客に受け入れられたと推察できる。