著者

尾崎大輔 広野彩子 吉村恵美

雑誌

日本経済学会2020年度秋季大会

巻号頁・発行日

2020-07-21

著者

関川 清一 磯田 亜美 岩本 えりか 高橋 真 稲水 惇

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.381-385, 2009 (Released:2009-07-24)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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〔目的〕嚥下前後の呼吸コントロールが飲み込みやすさに与える影響を明らかにする。〔対象〕健常成人22名とした。〔方法〕自由嚥下および嚥下前後の4つの呼吸位相パターンでの嚥下中の舌骨上筋群活動量と時間,喉頭運動時間,および主観的飲み込みやすさを測定した。〔結果〕指示嚥下では,自由嚥下と比較して,喉頭運動時間には有意差が認められなかったが,舌骨上筋群筋活動量は有意に低値を示した。主観的飲み込みやすさは,指示嚥下と自由嚥下間に有意差が認められ,指示嚥下内での比較では嚥下前が呼気であると高値を示した。〔結語〕指示嚥下は,自由嚥下と比較すると,主観的には飲み込みにくくなるが,効率よく嚥下ができる可能性があり,その中で,嚥下前後に呼気コントロールを行うことが,主観的にも飲み込みやすいパターンになることが示唆された。

著者

前田 耕作

出版者

立命館大学

巻号頁・発行日

2013-09-25

著者

文部省 編

出版者

文部省

巻号頁・発行日

vol.〔8〕 雑纂,私塾寺小屋表 上, 1892

著者

島田 法子 シマダ ノリコ Noriko Shimada

雑誌

日本女子大学紀要. 文学部

巻号頁・発行日

no.57, pp.75-55, 2008-03-20

著者

金聖歎 評

出版者

柏悦堂

巻号頁・発行日

vol.巻之1-7, 1883

著者

松垣 直宏 山田 悠介 引田 理英 平木 雅彦 千田 美紀 千田 俊哉

出版者

日本結晶学会

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.56-61, 2020-02-29 (Released:2020-03-06)

参考文献数

21

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Applying long wavelength X-ray (ca. longer than 2 Å) in macromolecular crystallography has been limited due to the lack of dedicated measurement environment. Photon Factory BL-1A, as an MX beamline optimized for diffraction experiment using the wavelength from 2.7 to 3.3 Å, offers the opportunity to routinely perform data collection for Native SAD phasing or light atoms identification with much sophisticated manner. Sample optimization is another key for successful experiment at the wavelength where severe absorption is inevitable. We describe how the difficulties in use of long wavelength X-ray were overcome at the beamline and the auxiliary facility, as well as the current results of Native SAD phasing.

著者

木場 有紀 坂口 実香 村岡 里香 小櫃 剛人 谷田 創

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.207-215, 2009 (Released:2010-01-14)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

9

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広島県島嶼部に位置する呉市蒲刈町上蒲刈島を調査地とし,2003年7月から2006年11月の間に捕獲された268個体のイノシシSus scrofaの胃内容物を用いた食性調査を行った.胃内容物の肉眼観察では,植物質として,柑橘類,カキノキ,サツマイモ,イネ,トウモロコシなどの農作物,堅果,木本,草本,種子などの自生植物がみとめられた.動物質では,多足類,昆虫類,軟体動物類,腹足類,甲殻類,爬虫類,鳥類,哺乳類が出現した.胃内容物に堅果が多く出現した年には柑橘類が少なく,堅果が少なかった年には柑橘類が多くなる傾向がみられた.7月から12月までに捕獲された個体の胃内容物の平均水分含量は73.3%であったが,捕獲月による変動が認められ,7・8月に捕獲された個体では,他の月に比べて水分含量が高かった.また,胃内容物乾物中の平均粗タンパク質含量は約18%であり,これは家畜ブタが通常摂食している飼料よりも高い可能性が示唆された.7月と8月に捕獲されたイノシシの胃では,他の時期に比べてNDFの割合が高く,NFCの割合が低かった.イノシシの胃内容物中に尿素やアンモニアが検出されたことは,イノシシの胃内にウレアーゼ活性のある乳酸桿菌が生息している可能性を示唆するものであった.

著者

大場 郁子

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.10, pp.490-494, 2006

参考文献数

8

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研究者のための学術情報ナビゲーションツールScopus(スコーパス)は,科学・技術・医学・社会科学分野における4,000以上の出版社の15,000誌以上のタイトルを収録する書誌・引用データベースである。Scopusは,検索結果のデータをいろいろな方法で分析し,より深い洞察を得たいと考えている研究者のニーズにこたえるための機能拡張を継続的に行ってきた。ここでは,特定著者の文献収集をより正確かつ簡単にする著者識別機能と,利用者が自由に評価対象文献を選択して分析できる引用分析ツールの2つの新機能を通して,評価ツールとしてのScopusの特性を紹介する。

著者

丸山 和昭 齋藤 芳子 東岡 達也 夏目 達也 MARUYAMA Kazuaki SAITOH Yoshiko TOOKA Tatsuya NATSUME Tatsuya

出版者

名古屋大学高等教育研究センター

雑誌

名古屋高等教育研究 (ISSN:13482459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.445-464, 2020-03

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近年の国立大学では、教育研究以外を主たる職務とする教員の配置が広まっている。これら、第三領域の専門家とも呼ばれる新しいタイプの人材のうち、本研究ではアドミッション担当教員(入試担当教員)とURAを対象とした質問票調査を実施した。調査の結果、両分野では、仕事の継続希望の高さ、職務と経歴の多様性、任期付き雇用の割合の高さが共通していた。他方、アドミッション担当教員では教育研究を業務に含めることを必要と考える者が多数派であるのに対し、URA担当教員では反対の結果が得られた。同時に、教育研究を必要と考えないアドミッション担当教員、及び、教育研究を必要と考えるURA担当教員も、調査対象者のなかに一定数が含まれていた。職務や経歴に多様性を抱える新しいタイプの大学教員の場合には、エフォート配分と業績評価においても、従来型の教員の基準を一律に当てはめることは不適切と言えるだろう。所属大学での役割や、個々人のキャリア展望を踏まえた個別対応が必要であるとの認識を、大学組織の構成員、特に管理職層の間で共有することが重要である。In recent years, new types of academics have increased at national universities in Japan. They have the characteristics of the “Third Space” Professionals as described by Whitchurch. Their primary role is not education and research, but social services or administration. Among these kinds of academics, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two areas; admissions and research administration. In this paper, we reported the result of these surveys, and analyzed similarities and differences of the two areas. In both areas, duties and backgrounds varied, and the percentage of non-tenure-track faculty was relatively high. Conversely, there was a notable difference in awareness of taking on teaching and / or research responsibilities. The majority of the academics in charge of admissions considered it necessary to take on education and research. In contrast, the majority of the academics in charge of research administration did not consider it necessary to take on education and research. These results indicate that the third space academics in Japan not only have a diversity of duties and backgrounds but also an awareness of their role as university faculty.

著者

戸田 豊志

出版者

新美南吉記念館

雑誌

新美南吉記念館研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.84-87, 2005

著者

大和田建樹 著

出版者

金港堂

巻号頁・発行日

1906

著者

徳永 哲

出版者

日本赤十字九州国際看護大学

雑誌

日本赤十字九州国際看護大学紀要 = Bulletin of the Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing (ISSN:21868042)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.13-31, 2013

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19世紀中頃のロンドンには大飢饉を逃れたアイルランド人をはじめ各地域からの移住者がテムズ川河口付近や南側の地域に住み着いた。汚物と悪臭に満ちたその一帯には疫病が蔓延していた。貧しい病人を救済するべくカトリックやプロテスタントの修道女が奉仕活動を始めた。また救貧院や総合病院が拡充され、医学校の開設が相次いだ。ナイチンゲールはこうした社会の変化に心を動かされ、看護に関心を抱くが、1852年まで両親の反対によって外出の自由が奪われ、看護への道が閉ざされてしまった。しかし、8年に及ぶ自室にこもって自学したことは公衆衛生学や薬学などから宗教哲学や近代思想などに及んだ。特に、チャドウィックの「瘴気説」は彼女に大きな影響を与え、スクタリの陸軍病院の衛生改善や国内の近代的病棟の設計に優れた実績を残す基となった。それは、また、ナイチンゲール自身の熱いキリスト教信仰と深く結びつけられ、彼女の看護論の中に根強く生き続けた。そして、このことは看護師に必須の「仕事における三重の関心」(1893年)として集約され、病院での看護の優越性と医療の核となって働く看護師の重要性を主張するに至った。 In the middle of the 19th century, immigrants who escaped from the Great Famine came over from Ireland and other regions into London. They came to live around the southern bank of the Thames River, where they formed a huge Irish town, The river flew through an area brimmed over with excreta and stench and caused different epidemics. Poverty and lack of sanitation became the most important matter in London and demanded an immediate solution. The New Poor Law was established by Chadwick in 1834. Both Catholic and Protestant nursing sisters did the relief work around the area in order to save the sick poor. General hospitals enlarged their wards ad established one medical school after another. Nightingale was not allowed to leave her house and could not follow her call to become a nurse for eight years, during this time the situation of medical care and public health in London were rapidly transformed. However, the eight –year's collecting information and thinking in her house gave her a lot of knowledge about nursing, sanitation, and religion. She read information about reformation of public health and learned Chadwick's Miasmatic theory and medical statistician Farr's zymotic diseases theory. When she went to the Crimean War as a matron, both Miasmatic theory and zymotic disease theory led her to the reformation of sanitation in the hospital as Scutari where she worked. Nightingale is considered a scientist because she mastered medical statistics and was well informed on medicine and sanitation. On the other hand it should not be forgotten that she was a Christian. Her guiding principle was to practice nursing following the teachings of Jesus Christ. There is a contradiction between science and Christianity. Nightingale had the contradiction in her mind. It was this contradiction in her mind that was useful to establish modern nursing because nurses must be concerned with the humanity scope of patients. They have to support recovery from illness and give patients the power to live independently. Nightingale said on one of her essays, "A nurse must have an three-fold interest in her work: an intellectual interest in the case, a hearty interest in the patient, a technical interest in the patient's care and cure."

著者

橋本 雅至 中江 徳彦

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.123-128, 2001 (Released:2001-12-27)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

9 7

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身体の土台である足部の機能を前、中、後足部の3つに分類し、運動学的に評価する。足部にはその特性として可動性と固定性が要求される。特に後足部は横足根関節を介して前足部に作用し、足部全体の可動性と固定性に関与する部分である。さらに後足部の機能に影響をもたらすものとして脛骨の形状(脛骨捻転、正面天蓋角など)がある。後足部の動きは距骨下関節を介して下腿の回旋に連鎖する。本稿では足部の特徴が下肢から身体全体に連鎖することを示し、足部の評価が身体運動の制御を理解する上で重要であることを述べる。

著者

青木 栄一

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.1-11, 1982

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There have been many oral traditions relating to oppositions against railway constructions in the early period of railway development in Japan. The most famous oral traditions have been in <i>Shukubamachis</i> (towns or villages with facilities for relay post-horse), where the inhabitants had There have been many oral traditions relating to oppositions against railway constructions in the early period of railway development in Japan. The most famous oral traditions have been in <i>Shukubamachis</i> (towns or villages with facilities for relay post-horse), where the inhabitants had opposed to railway constructions for fear of losing their travel customers. Curiously, however, in Japan, there have been no reliable historical documents relating to the oppositions, or no historical articles certifying the facts of oppositions, using reliable records. Many stories of railway opposition have remained in vague condition from a view-point of positivism, today. The author insists that it is necessary to prove the fact of railway oppositions, through the following procedures. They are, (1) discovery of reliable documents written contemporaneously, (2) consideration to policies and general opinions about railways on the day, and (3) investigation of ideal rail-routes in relation to topographic feature and railway track gradient (25&permil; in maximum gradient in case of Japanese trunk railways).<br>There were two periods of railway mania in Japan, in the closing years of 19th Century, 1885-90 and 1894-99. In those days, inhabitants of rural towns made passionate movement to raise their fund for private railway construction, or to introduce national railways to their towns. It is unreasonable to suppose railway oppositions in those days without showing any reliable documents. As for the Kobu Railway, between Tokyo and Hachioji (opened in 1889), having famous oral traditions of railway opposition by <i>shukubamachis</i> along a traditional trunk road, we have no reliable records to prove the existence of oppositions, and many preserved documents showing the insistence of introduction of railway construction in those days, showed the decision in ideal rail-route in relation to topographic feature and track gradient.<br>There were some categories of railway oppositions, capable to certifying their existence by reliable documents. They were, (1) the oppositions to coastal or riverside railways, which compete with steamship operations, by officers of national railways, (2) the oppositions by military authorities or conservative <i>samurais</i> (feudal warriors) class, insisted the precedence of military expansion or anti-foreign spirit, and (3) the oppositions by farmers, protested the change for worse utilization of water in paddy field, because of the construction of embankment for railways. The first and second categories had lasted by about 1880s and 1870s, respectively, but the third one has continued toward the 20th Century. The author presents some examples belonging to the first and the third categories of oppositions during the Meiji Era (1868-1912) in this article.

著者

津田 智史 小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.609, pp.85-91, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of interpersonal distance from others on the emotions and behavior of couples staying along by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess the opinions of the couples were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. ・ Couples tended to stay together longer and more closely when the distance from others was large. This tendency appeared more strongly in the nighttime than in the early evening. Couples expected to maintain a private space of at least 2 to 3 meters on both sides. ・ Women tended to notice the proximity of others more in the early evening. This tendency was stronger when the others were groups of men rather than mixed male-female groups. ・ Generally in the evening, couples' behavior was not affected by the attributes of others. In some cases, couples moved even closer together when another couple approached than when no-one was near.

著者

Mohammed Salah AL-RADHI Tamás Gábor CSAPÓ Géza NÉMETH

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E103.D, no.5, pp.1099-1107, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

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In this article, we propose a method called “continuous noise masking (cNM)” that allows eliminating residual buzziness in a continuous vocoder, i.e. of which all parameters are continuous and offers a simple and flexible speech analysis and synthesis system. Traditional parametric vocoders generally show a perceptible deterioration in the quality of the synthesized speech due to different processing algorithms. Furthermore, an inaccurate noise resynthesis (e.g. in breathiness or hoarseness) is also considered to be one of the main underlying causes of performance degradation, leading to noisy transients and temporal discontinuity in the synthesized speech. To overcome these issues, a new cNM is developed based on the phase distortion deviation in order to reduce the perceptual effect of the residual noise, allowing a proper reconstruction of noise characteristics, and model better the creaky voice segments that may happen in natural speech. To this end, the cNM is designed to keep only voice components under a condition of the cNM threshold while discarding others. We evaluate the proposed approach and compare with state-of-the-art vocoders using objective and subjective listening tests. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the effect of residual noise and can reach the quality of other sophisticated approaches like STRAIGHT and log domain pulse model (PML).

著者

高野 幹久 湯元 良子

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.145-153, 2011 (Released:2011-12-13)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 3

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The lung is expected as a promising administration route for protein and peptide drugs. However, information concerning alveolar absorption mechanisms of these high molecular weight drugs is lacking. The alveolar region of the lung is lined with a continuous epithelium comprising of type I and type II epithelial cells, and squamous type I cells cover 90~95% and cuboidal type II cells cover 5~10% of the alveolar surface area. Using primary cultured alveolar type II and transdifferentiated type I cells, however, it was found that type II cells would play a significant role in albumin and insulin endocytosis from the alveolar space. Functional and siRNA studies suggest that albumin is taken up by clathrin-mediated endocytosis in type II cells, while clathrin- and caveolae-independent but dynamin-dependent pathway is involved in insulin endocytosis. The approach to enhance insulin uptake by the alveolar epithelial cells and absorption from the lung is also discussed.

著者

春山 習

出版者

早稲田大学法学会

雑誌

早稻田法學 (ISSN:03890546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.61-101, 2018-12-10

著者

本居宣長 [訓]

出版者

永田調兵衛

巻号頁・発行日

1874