著者
徳岡 秀雄
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, pp.18-31, 1984

Juvenile justice policies had been developing smoothly up until the 1960's, backed up by the rehabilitation ideology. But, they have been drastically changing for two decades. The rehabilitative idea and its institutions supported by traditional liberals have come under heavy cross-fire from labeling theorists, just desert liberals, and deterrence conservatives. The latest reforms are summarized ; (1) Juvenile offenders should be processed in the same way as adult cases, (2) The medical model must be removed, which is exemplified by the growing interest in offences (not offenders), mechanized justice to eliminate discretions, and so on. The equal treatment between juveniles and adults is facilitated by the disappearance of childhood. The concept of childhood is becoming extinct because of mutual causalities of the following factors. The escalation of an adult-centered society forces children to become precocious and independent early. The children's rights movement claims equal rights with adults, but rationalizes the lesser protection of children in the aging of society. Popularization of Freudian idea has changed the concept of children and the method of child-rearing. Transition from printed media to TV media enables the undifferentiated accessibility to, and the total disclosure of, all kinds of information monopolized by adults before. On the other hand, childish adults are increasing. So, the boundary between childish adults and adultlike children is blurring. The decline of the rehabilitative ideal is a good example of the self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimistic atmosphere has become prevalent after President Kennedy's assassination. American reliance on establishment in general, and on the juvenile justice system has lapsed. Public opinion which became disappointed in the rehabilitative function of correctional institutions has undermined the real activities of these systems. The malleability of human character is a dependent variable of the contemporary concept about human nature. Present juvenile offenders are next to incurable because almost all people have lost their faith and hope in their corrigibility. It is only with the rejection of social fatalism implied in the notion of unchangeable human nature that the tragic circle can be broken.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1056, pp.40-47, 2000-09-04

「首都からニッポンを変える」と声高に訴え、石原慎太郎が東京都知事の椅子に座ってほぼ1年半。まず、幹部職員の大幅な入れ替えと若返り人事で副知事を頂点とした官僚ピラミッドに楔を打ち込んだ。その上で、ディーゼル車NO作戦、外形標準課税、中小企業向け債券市場などで、「変革につながるメッセージ」を発信してきた。
著者
出水 力
出版者
大阪産業大学
雑誌
大阪産業大学経営論集 (ISSN:13451456)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.2, pp.229-268, 2010-02

The production philosophy of Soichiro Honda who is the founder of HONDA has been succeeded to today's HONDA manufacturing system. It is HONDA Engineering that has been most strongly influenced by the Soichiro Honda's manufacturing know-how. Soichiro Honda's production philosophy is based on his experience of repairing cars and working experience at his piston ring factory during prewar days, and his various devices to the process of the motorcycle production after the war. In this paper, how the production philosophy has been succeeded and the difference between Honda and Toyota manufacturing system is discussed.
著者
牛島 定信
出版者
日本精神分析学会
雑誌
精神分析研究 (ISSN:05824443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.120-128, 2001-04-25
被引用文献数
5
著者
水野 雅彦
巻号頁・発行日
2010-12-28 (Released:2011-05-16)

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士(工学)(論文)学位授与年月日:平成22年12月28日

3 0 0 0 飲食事典

著者
本山荻舟著
出版者
平凡社
巻号頁・発行日
1958
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1518, pp.62-64, 2009-11-30

政権交代を果たした鳩山由紀夫首相は、10月26日の所信表明演説で、ある会社を取り上げて理想の社会像を国民に伝えた。自身が掲げる理念である「友愛」社会の実現に向けて、モデルとなる会社と位置づけられたのは、東京都大田区に本社を置く日本理化学工業という中小企業だった。 同社は1937年設立のチョークメーカーだ。2008年12月期の売り上げは5億3900万円で最終利益は1600万円。
著者
藤尾 慎一郎
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.185, pp.155-182, 2014-02

弥生文化は,鉄器が水田稲作の開始と同時に現れ,しかも青銅器に先んじて使われる世界で唯一の先史文化と考えられてきた。しかし弥生長期編年のもとでの鉄器は,水田稲作の開始から約600年遅れて現れ,青銅器とほぼ同時に使われるようになったと考えられる。本稿では,このような鉄の動向が弥生文化像に与える影響,すなわち鉄からみた弥生文化像=鉄史観の変化ついて考察した。従来,前期の鉄器は,木製容器の細部加工などの用途に限って使われていたために,弥生社会に本質的な影響を及ぼす存在とは考えられていなかったので,弥生文化当初の600年間,鉄器がなかったとはいっても実質的な違いはない。むしろ大きな影響が出るのは,鉄器の材料となる鉄素材の故地問題と,弥生人の鉄器製作に関してである。これまで弥生文化の鉄器は,水田稲作の開始と同時に燕系の鋳造鉄器(可鍛鋳鉄)と楚系の鍛造鉄器(錬鉄)という2系統の鉄器が併存していたと考えられ,かつ弥生人は前期後半から鋳鉄の脱炭処理や鍛鉄の鍛冶加工など,高度な技術を駆使して鉄器を作ったと考えてきた。しかし弥生長期編年のもとでは,まず前4世紀前葉に燕系の鋳造鉄器が出現し,前3世紀になって朝鮮半島系の鍛造鉄器が登場して両者は併存,さらに前漢の成立前には早くも中国東北系の鋳鉄脱炭鋼が出現するものの,次第に朝鮮半島系の錬鉄が主流になっていくことになる。また弥生人の鉄器製作は,可鍛鋳鉄を石器製作の要領で研いだり擦ったりして刃を着けた小鉄器を作ることから始まる。鍛鉄の鍛冶加工は前3世紀以降にようやく朝鮮半島系錬鉄を素材に始まり,鋳鉄の脱炭処理が始まるのは弥生後期以降となる。したがって鋳鉄・鍛鉄という2系統の鉄を対象に高度な技術を駆使して,早くから弥生独自の鉄器を作っていたというイメージから,鋳鉄の破片を対象に火を使わない石器製作技術を駆使した在来の技術で小鉄器を作り,やがて鍛鉄を対象に鍛冶を行うという弥生像への転換が必要であろう。Starting to use iron implements at the same time as the initiation of the wet rice cultivation, the Yayoi culture has been considered as the only prehistoric culture in the World that started using iron implements before bronze implements. According to the long chronology of the Yayoi culture, however, iron implements are considered to have appeared 600 years after the initiation of the wet rice cultivation, at the almost same time as the appearance of bronze implements. This article examines changes in the iron historical view of the Yayoi culture (the historical view of the iron culture) to reveal how the development of iron as assumed above affects the perspective of the Yayoi culture.Previous studies did not consider that iron implements in the early Yayoi had any substantial influences on the Yayoi society because of their limited use such as for delicate work on wood containers. Therefore, there are no significant differences when assuming that the first 600 years of the Yayoi period did not have iron implements.The new historical view, however, makes profound differences in the place of origin of iron materials and in the iron manufacturing techniques of Yayoi people. With regard to iron implements in the Yayoi culture, the conventional view suggested that there were two types of iron appearing at the same time as the initiation of rice cultivation: cast iron (malleable cast iron) originated from the Yan State and tempered iron (wrought iron) originated from the Chu State. Previously, Yayoi people were considered to have had advanced techniques to make iron implements, such as decarbonizing cast iron and forging tempered iron, in the latter half of the Early Yayoi period.According to the long chronology of the Yayoi culture, however, cast iron originated from the Yan State first appeared in the early forth century B.C., and then tempered iron originated from the Korean Peninsula followed in the third century B.C., resulting in the coexistence of both types of iron. Moreover, decarbonized-cast-iron steel originated from the Chinese northeast region appeared before the birth of the Former Han Dynasty. In the end, the wrought iron from the Korean Peninsula gradually went mainstream.In addition, the iron manufacturing technology of Yayoi people started with edging small iron implements by sharpening and grinding malleable cast iron in the same way as making stone tools. The forging of tempered iron started with Korean-origin wrought iron after the third century B.C., and the decarbonizing of cast iron commenced after the Late Yayoi period.In summary, it is necessary to change the perspective of the Yayoi iron culture. Yayoi people did not make their own iron implements from two types of iron, cast and tempered iron, by using their advanced technology at an early stage. Instead, they started with making small implements of cast iron pieces by using conventional fireless techniques to produce stone tools at first and then developed their techniques to forge tempered iron.
著者
吉井 千春 森本 泰夫 城戸 優光
出版者
日本エアロゾル学会
雑誌
エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.3, pp.238-242, 2005 (Released:2007-01-12)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
2

Welder's pneumoconiosis, which is caused by the inhalation of welding fumes, is one of the major pneumoconioses in Japan. The major component of welding fumes is iron oxide. Although welder's pneumoconiosis has been considered to be inert, recent reports revealed the possibility of developing fibrosis. In this article, we demonstrate radiological and pathological features of welder's pneumoconiosis, and also review the mechanisms of developing pulmonary fibrosis. In high-resolution CT (HRCT), typical welder's pneumoconiosis shows fine centrilobular nodules in both lung fields. In some cases, fibrotic changes may be seen in subpleural areas in both lower lung fields. Lung biopsy specimens show numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages within alveolar spaces associated with mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis. The mechanisms of developing fibrosis can be explained by “overload phenomenon”. Namely, in cases of mild exposure to welding fumes, iron oxides and hemosiderin-laden macrophages locate within air-spaces and may be reduced in numbers by mucociliary transport system. However, in cases of massive inhalation, accumulation of iron oxides and hemosiderin-laden macrophages exceed the capacity of mucociliary transport system. As a result, they invade into the interstitium and cause interstitial inflammation or thickening and eventually pulmonary fibrosis.
著者
木下 聖三
出版者
成城大学
雑誌
常民文化 = Jomin bunka (ISSN:03888908)
巻号頁・発行日
no.39, pp.35-51, 2016-03
著者
長池 将幸
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.1, pp.28-35, 2013-04-01 (Released:2013-04-01)
参考文献数
4

事業のグローバル化等,事業環境の急速な変化に対応するために,知財担当業務の拡大,知財サービスの品質向上が求められるようになり,これに伴い知財業務のリソース配分見直しが必要になった。このような環境下,知財業務の1つである特許侵害調査業務では,侵害リスク軽減と調査負荷軽減を共に満足する「経済的な調査手法」について検討した。公報抽出時の母集合を機械的に縮小する手法を整理したことで,それぞれの手法で縮小可能な規模とこれにより生じるリスクが見えてきた。本稿では,調査範囲を爆発的に膨らませずに侵害リスク回避に寄与する集合作成手法と,ここで必要な検索システムの機能を紹介する。

3 0 0 0 OA 聚分韵略 5巻

著者
虎関師錬 [編]
出版者
棹雪 写
巻号頁・発行日
1547

漢詩を作る際に韻字を探すための書として虎関師錬によって編まれたもの。国書として最初に上梓されたもので、大変便利な書であったため、中世期において頻繁に改版され、また全国各地で刊行された。該書は、巻末その他の識語等から、明応2(1493)年に守護大名大内氏の本拠地周防で開版されたものを、山陰棹雪なる人物が天文16(1547)年に転写したものであることが分かる。三重韻の形式をとり、文字の右傍に音を、下方に訓を片仮名で注記している。表紙右下部の「角坊蔵」の朱書、浄土宗山城法林寺の開山袋中良定の伝領識語等も見えるが、天保4(1833)年には船橋在賢の手に渡り、大正9年に他の同家蔵本と共に当館の所蔵するところとなった。