1 0 0 0 OA 2種類の倒置文

著者
木村 宣美
出版者
弘前大学人文社会科学部
雑誌
人文社会科学論叢 (ISSN:24323519)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.27-51, 2021-08-27
著者
矢野 香
出版者
長崎大学教育開発推進機構
雑誌
長崎大学教育開発推進機構紀要 = Journal of the Office for Academic Education and Development Nagasaki University (ISSN:24362999)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.1-13, 2022-03-01

This study examined the factors that might influence whether university students had clear future career preferences. The same set of questions were asked to the first year students before and after the Introduction to Career course for comparison. In-person lectures (2019-20) and online lectures (2021-22) were also compared to examine whether they had the same effect. First, we examined whether or not the lectures had influence on students to have goals for their university life. The result indicated that both in-person and online lectures led more students to have such goals. Next, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that would influence whether students had clear future career preferences. The result indicated that, for both pre- and post-course comparison and lecture type comparison, the factors that corelated with the clarity of future career preferences were highly consistent. Specifically, “having a clear idea of which area of study to focus on” and “having specific goals in university life” were particularly significant factors. The study therefore suggested that students are likely to have clearer ideas about their future career preferences if the university curriculum links career education subjects with each department’s lectures and increases opportunities for new students to set specific goals for their university life.
著者
末吉 彩香 田中 敦士
出版者
札幌学院大学総合研究所 = Research Institute of Sapporo Gakuin University
雑誌
札幌学院大学総合研究所紀要 = Proceedings of the Research institute of Sapporo Gakuin University (ISSN:21884897)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.3-10, 2022-03-20

札幌学院大学における発達障害を含む多様な学生支援の拡充に向け,全教職員を対象に「令和3年度発達障がいのある学生への教育支援FD/SD研修会」を実施した.本稿の目的は,参加者向け事後アンケートの結果から本研修会が発達障害学生支援に関して教職員に与えた効果を評価し,今後の学内研修の展開を示すことである.オンラインで実施された研修会終了後に参加者(132名)に事後アンケート(WEB)への回答を求め,71名の教職員が回答した.事後アンケートの結果,全教職員を対象としたことが多様な学生に対する支援に向けた全学的な理解啓発に寄与したことが推察された.また研修会参加前と比較し,参加後の方が発達障害学生支援に関する知識について参加者の自信が高まり,本研修会が発達障害学生支援に関する基礎的な知識提供の場として機能した可能性が示された.一方で発達障害学生支援に関する知識に一定程度自信がある場合でも実際の学生対応には自信がない教職員の存在もうかがえ,今後の学内研修会では知識を実際の支援の場に結び付けるための工夫が必要であると考えられた. The ‘FY2021 FD/SD Workshop on Educational Support for Students with Developmental Disabilities’ was held for all faculty and staff to expand support for students, specifically those with developmental disabilities, at Sapporo Gakuin University. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the FD/SD workshop on faculty and staff. It also provides recommendations for the future development of training within the university. After the workshop, participants were asked to fill up a web-based questionnaire. Seventy-one faculty members provided a response. Based on their responses, it was inferred that targeting all faculty and staff could contribute to university-wide understanding and awareness of the need for supporting students with diverse needs. The participants were also more confident about their knowledge of supports for students with developmental disabilities at the end of the workshop than at the beginning, indicating that the workshop may have functioned as a space for providing basic knowledge on the subject. Still, there were some faculty members who were confident in their knowledge of supports for students with developmental disabilities but not about the actual supports that could be provided to such students.
著者
松川 敏道
出版者
札幌学院大学総合研究所 = Research Institute of Sapporo Gakuin University
雑誌
札幌学院大学総合研究所紀要 = Proceedings of the Research institute of Sapporo Gakuin University (ISSN:21884897)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.35-40, 2022-03-20

身体介助を必要とする障害のある学生にとって,介助は教育を受けるうえで不可欠の要素である.本稿では,大学内での介助と合理的配慮をめぐる全国の動向を概観するとともに,この過程で新設された「重度訪問介護利用者の大学修学支援事業」に対する本学の対応と課題について検討した.そして,障害のある学生の「教育を受ける権利」が,身体介助の制約によって侵害されてはならないことを指摘した. Physical assistance is one of the essential elements for collage students with disabilities in order for them to receive collage education without difficulties. In this report, we as a university thoroughly reviewed the national trend with regard to reasonable accommodation and physical assistance provided to students with disabilities on collage and university campuses throughout Japan and examined as to how to utilize the newly-established system for the above-mentioned matter and how to deal with the issues that arise in the new system. In conclusion, we pointed out that “the right to receive collage education” guaranteed to collage students with disabilities should never be infringed in any ways.
著者
綱田 錬
出版者
北海道大学
巻号頁・発行日
2021-03-25

我が国において家庭用や産業用に使用されているモータは約1 億台あると言われており,それらの電力消費量は,全体の約55%を占めている。したがって,モータのエネルギー効率を向上させることができれば,高い省エネルギー効果を見込めるため,高効率特性を有するモータが強く求められている。また,上記のモータの電力消費の中でも産業用途のモータが占める割合が高く,より高効率化が重要であることが考えられる。その一方で,システムの小型化も重要であり,モータを組み込むシステムによっては,システムの小型化のために扁平な形状を有するモータが望まれる場合もある。これまでの技術の進歩によって,近年は高効率のみならず,扁平な形状を有するといった付加価値の高いモータが求められるようになっている。そこで,本研究では,産業用途のモータにおいて,扁平形状かつ高効率を有するモータの実現を目的としている。また,モータ本体の小型化も実現するため,ターゲットとする運転領域は小型化に有効である高速回転領域としている。 現状,一般的に使用されているモータの多くはエアギャップが径方向に存在するラジアルギャップモータと呼ばれる構造である。しかし,ラジアルギャップモータは本研究でターゲットとしている扁平形状においては,構造上,高いトルク及び効率を実現することが難しい。そこで本研究では,扁平形状において高いトルクを実現しやすいアキシャルギャップモータの採用を検討している。アキシャルギャップモータは回転軸方向にエアギャップが存在し,扁平形状でも高いトルクを実現できる。これまでに我が国を含め世界中の研究・開発機関によって検討されてきた従来のアキシャルギャップモータは一般的にネオジム焼結磁石を採用している。ネオジム焼結磁石は残留磁束密度が高いため,トルク密度を高くすることに有効である。しかし一方で,電気伝導率が高いため,ターゲットの高速回転領域では磁石内で渦電流損が大きくなり,効率が非常に悪いモータとなっていた。また,従来構造は回転子の磁気抵抗を小さくするために,回転子コアとして磁性材を用いていたが,高速回転領域ではそこで発生する渦電流損も効率低下の一因となっていた。 そこで本研究では,まずコアレス回転子を採用することによって,より回転子構造を簡単にしつつ,回転子コアでの渦電流損の抑制を検討した。加えて,電気伝導率の低いネオジムボンド磁石を採用することで,アキシャルギャップモータにおいて高速領域において高効率化することを検討した。本研究においては,提案モータの有効性を3 次元の電磁場解析及び試作機による実験の双方で明らかにしている。 また,提案モータの今後の更なる高効率化のために,固定子コアに用いる圧粉磁心(SMC)の適 切な開発方針に関しても検討を行った。
著者
福井 久史
出版者
関西大学政策創造学部
雑誌
政策創造研究 (ISSN:18827330)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.91-125, 2021-03-25

本稿では、まず、米国では役員報酬について、どのような議論と改革が行われてきたのかを、K.J.Murphy の先行研究をもとに整理する。これにより明らかとなった、①ストックオプションの会計上の取り扱いに関わる半世紀を超える論争、また、②SEC の情報開示の拡充への取り組みについて、章を改めて概説する。そして、本稿の最後では、米国との比較から、わが国の役員報酬開示の現状に対する若干の示唆として、課題は、開示の「量」ではなく、開示の「質」にあることを示す。
著者
小山 真理
出版者
文化学園大学・文化学園大学短期大学部
雑誌
文化学園大学・文化学園大学短期大学部紀要 (ISSN:24325848)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, pp.111-125, 2020-01-31

近年、中国からの留学生が急増し、その影響なのか、以前より抱いていた疑問を強く感じるようになった。そ れは「なぜ中国人留学生は文字を、とりわけ漢字を丁寧に書かないのか」というものだ。その答えを探るため、 まず、日中両国の初等教育における漢字・文字教育を概観し、手書きの書字・字形等について、どのような指導 を受けてきたかを比較した。その上で、漢字・書字に対する意識が、日本語を学ぶ際、どう影響しているかについて、アンケートとインタビューにより分析し考察した。その結果、多くが小学校で厳しく指導され、丁寧な書字、筆順の順守を当然と考えていることがわかった。だが、成長するにつれて筆順を忘れ、自己流の書き方に慣れてくると、改めて日本の漢字を学ぶのは小学生のようだと抵抗感を示した学生も多くいた。さらに、既有の漢字知識があるため、「日本の漢字は少なくて簡単だ」と捉えがちで、特に、集中力や慎重さに欠け、成績の芳し くない学生は文字を乱雑に書く傾向があった。漢字・書字に対する意識に個人差はあるが、日中の漢字の差異は学生自身では気づきにくいことも明らかとなり、教師が注意して訂正させることは、今後も必要不可欠であることが確認できた。

1 0 0 0 OA 房総富士塚考

著者
野村 幸希
出版者
立正大学人文科学研究所
雑誌
立正大学人文科学研究所年報 (ISSN:03899535)
巻号頁・発行日
no.30, pp.47_a-34_a, 1993-03-20
著者
半谷 芳文
出版者
早稲田大学
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1-309, 2019

早大学位記番号:新8305
著者
佐々木 史郎 Shiro Sasaki
出版者
国立民族学博物館
雑誌
国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.261-309, 1991-12-28

The purpose of this paper is to examine two concepts, which wereput forward by M. G. Levin and N. N. Cheboksarov in 1950s, in the caseof the peoples of the Lower Amur and Sakhalin. One is the concept of"economic-cultural types" and the other is that of "historicalethnographicregions". These concepts were born in Soviet ethnology inthe studies of economic and cultural diversity among the peoples of thesame level of socio-economic development.Definition of the concepts by Levin and Cheboksarov is asfollows: the economic-cultural type is to be understood as historicallyformed complexes characteristic of a given economy and culture, typicalfor the peoples living under certain natural geographic conditions, ata certain level of socio-economic development; the historicalethnographicregions are the territories where a definite cultural entitywas formed as a result of continued relations among the people inhabitingthem, of their influences on one another, and of a similarity intheir historical destiny [LEVIN 1972: 3, 5].Levin and Cheboksarov grouped the peoples of northern Siberia intofive by the concept of economic-cultural types: 1. hunter-fishermenin taiga (Siberian forest), 2. sea mammal hunters in the arctic shore andBering sea, 3. fishermen on large rivers, 4. hunter-reindeer-breeders intaiga, and 5. reindeer nomads in tundra. According to them, an examinationof the major economic-cultural types of northern Siberia andthe [Soviet] far East reveals that: 1) the same economic-cultural type maydevelop among different peoples, in different, even remote, regions butonly under conditions of the same level of development of productiveforces and of a similar geographic environment; 2) different types in aparticular territory have definite historical continuity [succession]—under certain historical conditions one type develops intoanother, for instance some hunter-fishermen of the forest zone changedtheir economic-cultual type to "hunter-reindeer-breeders" by introducingrenideer-breeding; 3) the cultural traits characteristic of each type formin the first place through the orientation of the economy to certaingeographic conditions [LEVIN 1972: 5].They also grouped the same peoples by the concept of historicalethnographicregions: 1. Yamaro-Taimyr region, 2. Western Siberianregion, 3. Sayan-Altayan region, 4. Eastern Siberian region, 5. Kamchatka-Chukchi region, 6. Amur-Sakhalin region.Although these two concepts make it possible to classify the peoplesof Siberia and the Soviet Far East by cultural similarity and diversity,one can find some defects which must be corrected by examination ofconcrete cases.For instance, as it stands, the concept of the economic-cultural typescannot explain the case of the peoples of Lower Amur and Sakhalin whohave complex economic systems. Such a defect was caused by the factthat Levin and Cheboksarov did not systematically examine the productiveactivities of the peoples of Siberia and the Soviet Far East.They mentioned only five activities: fishing, forest hunting, sea mammalhunting, forest rendeer breeding, and tundra rendeer breeding; but itis obvious that there are four other activities, i. e. tundra reindeer hunting,nomadism in steppe and forest-steppe zone, cultivating withdomesticated animals, and plant collecting. Each activity has not onlyeconomic meaning but has its own cultural phenomena and activities.In this paper I have made a typology of these productive activities andtheir respective cultures and called it "fundamental types of productiveactivity and culture". There are nine types in Siberia and the Soviet FarEast, because each of the above mentioned activities has its own culturalset and can be considered a distinct type.Economic systems of the peoples of Siberia and the Soviet Far Eastconsist of combinations of these nine types, which are determined byecological and cultural conditions. The economic -cultural type, whichclearly show the relation between the economic system and culture, canbe defined as a combination of some of the fundamental types of productiveactivity and culture.From such a point of view, the "economic-cultural types" of thepeoples of Lower Amur and Sakhalin can be grouped as follows: a) combinationof fishing, forest hunting, cultivationg with domesticatedanimals, and plant collecting (Nanais of Amur, Sungari and Ussuri); b)combination of fishing, forest hunting, sea mammal hunting, and plantcollecting (Ul'chi, Nivkhi, Orochi, Ainu, and Negidals), c) combinationof fishing, forest hunting, sea mammal hunting, forest rendeer breeding,and plant collecting (Uilta and Evenki), d) forest hunting, fishing, plantcolledting (Udehes, a part of Nanais and Negidals, and Uilta and Evenkiwithout rendeer).An examination of these corrected "economic-cultural types"reveals that: 1) each type is fundamentally determined by the ecologicalsystem of the region; 2) it is often determined also by cultural andhistorical conditions, e. g., cultural interactions, development of productiveforce and technology, etc.; 3) the same economic-cultural type rarelyappears in regions geographically distant from each other (in contrast to"fundamental types of the productive activity and culture" which arecommon to regions distant from each other); 4) it is possible for a regionto change or step up from one type to another. Such a case is typicallycaused by the adoption of new productive activities or the technologicaldevelopment of present activities.In the case of the peoples of Lower Amur and Sakhalin somecultural elements concerning their productive activities or economicsystems, e. g. foods, fishing and hunting tools, utensils, and so on, arecommon to this area. This is because the people has formed a trade areasince the 17th century in this region and they trade or exchange their productsto provide each other with indespensable things of their daily life.Such a fact could be one of the factors which made this area one of thehistorical-ethnographic regions.As to the concept of the historical-ethnographic regions, there is acriticism that each region has been identified by the author's impression[大林 1990a: 51]. In fact, Levin and Cheboksarov did not show anytheoretical basis to distinguish the above mentioned six regions of theSiberian peoples. They proposed this concept in order to classify thepeople by the cultural elements and historical factors which are commonamong the people of the region but which have nothing to do withecological and economic systems. However, Levin and Cheboksarov didnot indicate such elements and factors in their works at all.In the case of the peoples of Lower Amur and Sakhalin it is true thatthere are many cultural elements and characteristics which are commonand unique to this region, and that therefore this area can be treated as agenuine historical-ethnographic region. However these elements andcharacteristics must be concretely shown.Cluster analysis is an effective way of classifying the cultures of theSiberian peoples, because it can quantitatively show the similarity anddiversity of cultures. Such analysis reveals distributions of the same orsimilar elements and one can clearly find the border of the region.Though it is difficult to show all the common elements and their distributionsin this brief paper, we can guess that there are three types of commonelements in Lower Amur and Sakhalin; 1) elements of fundamentalcultural stratum, 2) common elements of various ethnic origins (e. g.Tungus, Nivkhi, or Ainu origin), and 3) elements of Chinese, Manchu,Korean, or Japanese origin.It is also necessary to review the political and economic history ofthe given areas. The border of the historical-ethnographic region isoften decided by political borders or economic areas.In the case of Lower Amur and Sakhalin, the rule of the Qing dynasty(17th century—middle of 19th century) was decisive in creating a typicalhistorical-ethnographic region. The Nerchinsk treaty (1689) obstructedthe invasion of the Russians to this region, and the dynasty prohibitedthe immigration of other peoples of the empire to northeastern Manchuriain order to monopolize the fur trade in this area. It was only afew administrators and merchants who could visit there and have contactand trade with the people of this region.Such a policy encouraged the trade activity of the people of LowerAmur and Sakhalin to fourish. They traded not only with each otherbut also with the Chinese, Manchu, and Japanese traders at the entrancesof this region. The native traders exchanged ,products of eacharea and provided the people with various things from China, Manchuria,and Japan. Their activity mixed many different cultures, anddistributed them all over the region. It is inevitable that the politicalborder coincided with that of the historical-ethnographic region in thecase of Lower Amur and Sskhalin.In conclusion, we point out as follows: 1) by adopting the conceptof fundamental types of productive activity and culture, it becomes possibleto make a typology of economic systems and cultures of the peopleswith complex economic systems, and it becomes easier to examine theecological and historical factors which determined the characteristics ofeach type; 2) the historical and ethnic background of the historicalethnographicregion can be clearly shown in the case of Lower Amur andSakhalin. Cluster analysis and reexamination of regional history help usto identify an area which has common history and cultural elements, notinfluenced by ecological factors.