著者

小林 正治 平間 正博

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.184-193, 2004-03-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 4

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A novel nine-membered enediyne antibiotic N 1999-A 2 was chemically synthesized and its absolute stereochemistry was determined. Chemical evidence of the thiol-triggered activation as well as the DNA cleavage profiles of N 1999-A 2 and its stereoisomers proved that the configuration of the C 11-naphthoate moiety played a dominant role in governing not only the orientation of the thiol attack but also the specificity of DNA cleavage.

著者

中谷 和彦 齋藤 烈

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.7, pp.670-679, 2001-07-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In order to gain insight into molecular basis for the sequence selective guanine alkylation by natural products aflatoxin B1 oxide and kapurimycin A3 we have synthesized epoxides with napthopyranone and anthrapyranone rings. Alkylation of guanine in DNA by these models proceeds with sequence selectivity similar to those of natural products. Absolute configuration of the epoxide side chain is significantly effective for the efficiency of guanine alkylation. Guanine alkylation most effectively proceeded at Gs in GG sequence, but G in the GC sequence was the least reactive site for the alkylation. The order of calculated energy levels of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for dinucleotide base pairs were in a good agreement with the G alkylation susceptibility experimentally obtained by our synthetic models. With these data we concluded that interaction of HOMO of DNA and LUMO of drugs is responsible for the sequence selectivity of guanine alkylation.

著者

橋本 祐一 首藤 紘一

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.10, pp.908-920, 1985 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

2

---

Bis-intercalators and hemin-intercalators (Hemin-Glu-P-1's) which recognize and/or cleave DNA were designed and synthesized. 2-Aminodipyrido [1, 2-a : 3', 2' -d] imidazoles (Glu-P's) which are potent muta-carcinogens isolated from a pyrolysate of L-glutamic acid were used as intercalator moieties. Bis-intercalators possess extremely high affinity toward double stranded DNA and stabilize the double helix structure of DNA from heat denaturation effectively. Hemin-Glu-P-1's cleaved DNA at G-C and G-T sequences preferentially. Glu-P-1 moiety which recognizes DNA by intercalation and a functional group which can be an intramolecular fifth ligand of the ferrous ion in the hemin moiety are required for strong DNA-cleaving ability. The mode of DNA-cleaving reaction of Hemin-Glu-P-1's is quite similar to that of bleomycin (BLM). In other words, Hemin-Glu-P-1's are functional analogs of BLM. The mechanism of DNA cleavage by Hemin-Glu-P-1's and by BLM is not single. One of the mechanisms involves two bases elimination from the DNA.

著者

武藤(細谷) 照子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.75-83, 1987-03-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

61

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The sex of an individual is determined at fertilization by the combination of sex chromosomes, e.g., XX or XY in mammals. Morphological sex differences become evident during the organization of gonadal primordia into ovaries or testes. Consequently, fetal testes produce hormones which are responsible for the development of the male phenotype. The absence of male hormones results in the development of the females phenotype. It has been proposed that a male dominant, histocompatibility-Y (H-Y) antigendetermines testicular differentiation, based on the finding that individuals with testest are H-Y antigen positive regardless of their sex karyotype. Recently, this hypothesis has been challenged bý the finding of several exceptions, e.g., development of ovaries in the presence of H-Y antigen, and testes in its absence.A testis-determining gene (Tdy or TDF) has been thought to occur on the Y chromosome. Over 100 Y-specific DNA fragments have been examined with only one possible candidate for the Tdy gene. In addition to the Tdy gene, at least two autosomal genes (tda-1 and Tas) appear to be involved in testis determination. It has been suggested that gonadal sex determination may also be influenced by environmental factors.Fetal rat and mouse ovaries develop testicular structures (ovotestes) after transplantation into various sites of adult host animals. This finding suggests that XX gonadal primordial cells can differentiate into testicular cells. Electron microscopic examinations have revealed that testicular structures of mouse ovotestes are comparable to those of the genetic male. Furthermore, it has been shown that ovotestes produce hormones and glycoproteins characteristic of normal neontal testes. These results provide strong evidence for sex reversal by transplantation. The study of the factors involved in the induction of ovotestis development should aid better understanding of the mechanism of gonadal sex determination.

著者

中山 祥嗣

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.6, pp.795-798, 2016 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

---

The Japan Ministry of the Environment is conducting a large-scale birth cohort study called the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), which involves 100000 mother-child pairs. Mothers are enrolled during pregnancy, and their children are followed up and studied until they reach the age of 13 years. The JECS started recruiting mothers in January 2011 and completed the registration of more than 103000 mothers in March 2014. The National Institute for Environmental Studies takes the lead in the study programming and implementation in cooperation with the National Centre for Child Health and Development and 15 Regional Centres that reach out to the study participants. In the study, the effects of environmental factors on children's health and development are investigated. The environment in this study is defined not only as air, soil, water, and indoor environments but also as various chemical substances, physical conditions, socioeconomic factors, psychological conditions, lifestyles and community situations. Mothers' and children's exposures to these environmental factors are measured through chemical analyses of biospecimens collected during pregnancy and after birth, questionnaires and computer modelling. The homes of the randomly selected participants (5000) are visited to measure the concentrations of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen and sulphuric oxides and particulate matter. Vacuum dust samples are also collected for chemical analysis. All these data will be combined with the information collected by the dwelling unit observation to assess the exposure of children aged 1.5 and 3 years.

著者

浜野 裕司 田部 洋

出版者

社団法人 日本写真学会

雑誌

日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.225-231, 1976-07-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

21

著者

高田 善之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.11, pp.1640-1641, 1960-11-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

3

---

Application of alkaline hydrogen peroxide to sodium 2-cyanoethanesulfonate, obtained by reaction of acrylonitrile and sodium hydrogensulfite, afforded sodium 2-carbamoylethanesulfonate. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) was obtained in a comparatively good yield of 80-85% by reaction of the foregoing sulfonate and alkaline sodium hypochlorite.

著者

Lanlan BAI Shiaki TAKAGI Tasuke ANDO Hiroshi YONEYAMA Kumiko ITO Hiroyuki MIZUGAI Emiko ISOGAI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16-0198, (Released:2016-05-28)

被引用文献数

30

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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenolic compound of green tea. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted from the leaf of Camellia sinensis (Japanese green tea), and the minimum inhibitory concentration against canine oral bacteria was measured. Subsequently, we investigated the inhibitory effects of polyphenolic compounds and EGCG on the growth of canine oral bacteria. EGCG showed antimicrobial activity against a model bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Our results indicate that EGCG can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans, and that EGCG does not interact with streptococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Furthermore, our findings suggest that EGCG interacts with other component (s) of the bacterial membrane aside from streptococcal LTA to inhibit biofilm formation and damage biofilms.

著者

白根 睦巳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本繊維機械学会

雑誌

繊維機械学会誌 (ISSN:03710580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.P76-P89, 1987-02-25 (Released:2009-10-27)

参考文献数

4

著者

久米 学 森 誠一

出版者

応用生態工学会

雑誌

応用生態工学 (ISSN:13443755)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.287-291, 2012 (Released:2013-04-24)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 1

著者

松村 史基

出版者

社団法人 農業農村工学会

雑誌

農業土木学会誌 (ISSN:03695123)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.11, pp.1009-1012,a1, 1993-11-01 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

1

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県営かんがい排水事業和口地区は, 静岡県磐田市の準用河川古川を農業用排水路と位置付け, コンクリート3面張り工法により改修を進めてきた。しかし, 平成3年12月, 環境庁編集の「日本の絶滅のおそれのある野生生物 (レッドデータブック)」に掲載されているカワバタモロコの生息が判明し, 排水路改修とカワバタモロコ保護の両立を図りながら事業を進める必要が生じた。保護対策として, 古川に隣接した用地0.39haを買収し, 保護池3カ所と人工の疑似小川200mを施工し, カワバタモロコの生息場所とした。これらの静岡県農政部の試みの詳細を報告する。

著者

河角 廣

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.93a-94, 1949-03-30 (Released:2009-11-12)

著者

早津 恵子 冨田 美佐緒 傳田 定平 遠藤 裕 下地 恒毅

出版者

日本蘇生学会

雑誌

蘇生 (ISSN:02884348)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.50-53, 1998-04-20 (Released:2010-06-08)

参考文献数

15

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5例の意識障害患者に対するESCS (epidural spinal cord stimulation, ESCS) の経験をレトロスペクティブに調査し, 同療法の有用性を検討した。5例中3例で臨床症状の改善をみたが, 結果は全例が植物症として意識障害を残した。植物症の分類では1段階の改善にとどまり, 植物症から脱却した症例はなかった。ESCS後の検査所見では改善がみられた症例が3例あった。これらの結果が自然回復によるものかESCSによるものかは, 厳密には評価できなかった。客観的な効果判定のためにも, 定期的な生理検査を行う必要性を感じた。

著者

藤田 直

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.3, pp.203-218, 2002 (Released:2003-02-18)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

21 40

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It is well known that biomembranes and subcellular organelles are susceptible to lipid peroxidation. There is a steadily increasing body of evidence indicating that lipid peroxidation is involved in basic deteriorative mechanisms, e.g., membrane damage, enzyme damage, and nucleic acid mutagenicity. The formation of lipid peroxides can be induced by enzymatic or nonenzymatic peroxidation in the presence of oxygen. The mechanisms of formation and removal of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides, and free radicals in biological systems are briefly reviewed. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the role played by lipid peroxidation in many disease states. Xanthine oxidase has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species, superoxide (O2−·), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that are involved in the peroxidative damage to cells that occurs in ischemia-reperfusion injury. During ischemia, this enzyme is induced from xanthine dehydrogenase. We have shown that peroxynitrite (a reactive nitrogen species) has the potential to convert xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase. The following biological effects of lipid peroxidation were found: a) the lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbic acid and Fe2+ affects the membrane transport in the kidney cortex and the cyclooxygenase activity in the kidney medulla, and b) the hydroperoxy adducts of linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid inhibit the cyclooxygenase activity in platelets. The balance between the formation and removal of lipid peroxides determines the peroxide level in cells. This balance can be disturbed if cellular defenses are decreased or if there is a significant increase in peroxidative reactions. Once lipid peroxidation is initiated, the reactive intermediate formed induces cell damage.

著者

Sachiro Umemoto Takeshi Otsuki

出版者

日本酸化ストレス学会

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.143-146, 2014 (Released:2014-09-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 14

---

Chlorella, a unicellular green alga, contains a variety of nutrients including amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. A previous animal study found that maximal swimming time in mice increased after 14 days on a diet including Chlorella powder compared to no change in swimming performance on a normal diet. However, it is currently unknown whether Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation increases aerobic endurance capacity in humans. We investigated the effects of Chlorella-derived supplementation on peak oxygen uptake during incremental maximal cycling in young individuals using a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study design. Seven men and three women (mean age, 21.3 year) were allocated to placebo or Chlorella tablets (15 tablets × twice per day) for 4 weeks, with at least a 6-week washout period between trials, in a randomized order. Peak oxygen uptake significantly increased after Chlorella supplementation (before vs after, 37.9 ± 1.9 vs 41.4 ± 1.9 ml/kg/min, p = 0.003), but not with placebo (39.4 ± 2.2 vs 40.1 ± 2.1 ml/kg/min, p = 0.38). The change in peak oxygen uptake over the 4-week trial was significantly greater in the Chlorella trial than in the placebo trial (3.5 ± 0.9 vs 0.7 ± 0.8 ml/kg/min, p = 0.03). These results suggest that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation increases aerobic endurance capacity in young individuals.

著者

Takeshi Otsuki Kazuhiro Shimizu Asako Zempo-Miyaki Seiji Maeda

出版者

日本酸化ストレス学会

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16-3, (Released:2016-05-21)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5

---

Decreases in saliva secretion compromise food mastication and swallowing, reduce mucosal immune function, and increase the risk for oral diseases like dental caries. Chlorella is a green alga that contains a variety of nutrients including amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. In our previous study, Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation did not affect salivary flow rates in healthy young individuals, but Chlorella-derived supplementation attenuated a decrease in saliva secretion that was observed during a kendo training camp. Hence, we hypothesized that Chlorella-derived supplementation increases saliva secretion in individuals with lower rates of saliva flow. Sixty-four subjects took Chlorella-derived tablets for four weeks. Before and after supplementation, saliva samples were collected by chewing cotton. In the complete study group, there was no difference in saliva production before and after supplementation (1.91 ± 0.11 ml/min before vs 2.01 ± 0.12 ml/min after). Analysis of subgroups based on saliva production before supplementation found an increase in saliva secretion in the lower saliva flow group (1.18 ± 0.06 vs 1.38 ± 0.08 ml/min), but no change in the higher saliva flow group (2.63 ± 0.11 vs 2.64 ± 0.15 ml/min). These results suggest that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation increases saliva production in individuals with lower levels of saliva secretion.

著者

板東 俊和 杉山 弘

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.10, pp.1016-1027, 2005 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 4

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Fifty years after the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA, the complete sequence of the human genome has been determined. All genetic information, which is necessary for life, is written in 30 billion base pairs of DNA. Many diseases, including cancer, hereditary and viral diseases, can be understood at the DNA sequence level. Local DNA conformations are thought to play an important role in biological processes such as gene expression. Therefore, DNA sequences and local DNA conformation are targets of novel drugs that would precisely switch certain genes on or off. Modified bases that perform various functions can also be incorporated into defined DNA sequences. Since DNA can be amplified by PCR and in other organisms, DNA becomes a promising unit for nanotechnology applications. In this review, we focus on the sequence and conformation-specific chemical reactions that occur in DNA, and the prospective uses of the chemical biology of DNA will be discussed.

著者

三浦 修

出版者

東北ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.196-202, 1936-12-30 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Clitocybe acromelalga, Ichimura, ein giftiger Pilz, dessen Genuss bei Menschen Vergiftung mit heftigem Schmerz und Nekrose in den Extremitöten verursacht, ruft bei Höhnen eine nekrobiotische Verönderung des Kainmes and der Bartlappen, in denen sick eine hyaline Degeneration mikroskopisch nachweisen lösst, hervor, wöhrend er bei anderen Tierarten, wie Möusen, Ratten, Meerschweinchen und Kaninchen nicht imstande ist, eine solche Verönderung herbeizuführen. Die nekrobiotische Verönderung von Hahnenkömmen wird wie die Sensibilitötsstörung bei Möusen durch zwei verschiedene wasserlosliche Substanzen hervorgerufen, von denen die eine durch Bleiazetat geföllt und durch Kochen zersetzt wird, wöhrend die andere dagegen mit Bleiazetat keinen Niederschlag bildet und kochbestöndig ist. Für die technische Hilfe bei der Ausführung dieser Versuche bin ich Herrn Prof. S. Nasu im Pathologischen Institut zu Dank ver-pflichtet.

著者

佐々木 茂貴

出版者

公益社団法人 有機合成化学協会

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.498-499, 2002-05-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

5

著者

飯田 博一 杉山 弘

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.10, pp.975-987, 2000 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 3

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By the completion of the human genome project, many diseases including cancer, hereditary and viral diseases can be understood by the DNA sequence level. Control of the specific gene expression will provide ultimate gene therapy. Minor groove binding polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole and N-methylimidazole amino acids exhibit promising performance based on the recognition of nucleic acid sequences. Various types of sequence-specific DNA binding agents are developed and used for the regulation of gene expression. We synthesized novel type of polyamide-alkylator conjugates. These synthetic compounds alkylated predetermined DNA sequences selectively, and also some of them possessed selective potency for certain cancer cell lines. In this review, we will focus on recent progress of minor groove binding polyamides that play important roles in the rational recognition of nucleic acid sequences. One of the future directions of rational design of molecular medicine in the post genome era is proposed.