著者

木下 りか Rika KISHITA

出版者

大手前大学

雑誌

大手前大学人文科学部論集 = Otemae journal of humanities (ISSN:13462105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.A49-A59, 2006-03-31

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語基を同じくし意味的な対応を持つ名詞と形容詞は、その意味を大きく変えることなく互換可能である。形状を表す「丸のN」「丸いN」、「四角のN」「四角いN」もその例である。このような名詞と形容詞の使い分けを見ると、名詞「丸のN」「四角のN」は、「コンテクストに存在するほかの形状との対比の中で、Nの性質(形状)について述べる」場合に用いられると考えることができる。「コンテクストに存在する他の形状との対比の中で」ということは、「丸のN」や「四角のN」における「丸」や「四角」が、丸や四角のモノを指示する機能を持つことを示している。このように考えることで、「丸のN」や「四角のN」が制限的修飾として用いられるが非制限的修飾には馴染まないこと、また、非制限的修飾であっても一定の文脈が与えられれば、すなわち客観的定義機能を持つ場合であれば用いることができることなど、これらに特有のふるまいが説明可能となる。

著者

福田(寺嶋) 美雪

出版者

獨協大学外国語学部

雑誌

フランス文化研究 (ISSN:02863898)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.99-123, 2018

著者

加納 三千子 藤井 輝明 西川 龍也

出版者

福山市立大学

雑誌

福山市立女子短期大学研究教育公開センター年報 (ISSN:13485113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.17-26, 2009

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On this paper we introduce New Lanark in Scotland and the Mondoragon Corporation Cooperativa (MMC) in Spain as typical measure examples of revitalization plan for local communities by Social Enterprise.New Lanark is a village on the River Clyde, in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It was founded in 1786,and there were cotton mills and housing for the mill workers. Robert Owen, who carried on his father-in-law's ownership, tried to improve the workers' conditions. He paid particular attention to the children working at the mills, and opened the first infant school in Britain in 1816.New Lanark became a successful business and an epitome of utopian socialism.The New Lanark mills operated until 1968. The New Lanark Conservation Trust was founded in 1975,and have been restored most of the buildings.UNESCO nominated the New Lanark as World Heritage Sites in Scotland in 2001.Now New Lanark has become a major tourist attraction.The Mondoragon Corporation Cooperativa (MMC) in Spain is consists of approximately 150 cooperatives and 20000 members. The MMC invented an ideal organizational system such as OPEN ADMISSION,DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION,SOVEREIGNTY OF LABOUR,PARTICIPATORY,MANAGEMENT,PAYMENT SOLIDALITY etc.Solving the problems of risk taking of capital and labor, capital financing, the MMC satisfies democratic conditions of an optimal cooperative.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1933年09月05日, 1933-09-05

著者

小西 純一 西野 保行 淵上 龍雄

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

日本土木史研究発表会論文集 (ISSN:09134107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.227-238, 1989-06-20 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

9

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官設鉄道が標準桁として採用したクーパー型トラス桁は10種類で、そのうち100ft上路を除く9種類263連が1899年から1915年にかけて架設された。耐用年数は線区によりかなり異なるが、東海道本線で47年程度、中央本線で66年程度であり、経年88年で今なお使用中のものもある。現在使用中の桁は、転用桁を含めて合計72連となっている。クーパー型の採用はそれまでの英国系からの全くの方向転換であり、連続性はない。クーパー型を少し設計変更した100fしと300ftの国産桁が存在した、輸入ピン結合トラスの最後を飾るのは、阿賀野川釜ノ脇橋梁ほかのカンチレバー式架設工法によるトラスである。わが国の橋梁技術者たちは、米国流の進んだプラクティスを体得すると同時に、アイパーを主体のピン結合トラスの欠点を見抜き、リベット結合に改め、輸入から国産へと転換し・技術的な自立を一段と進めることになる。【明治期、鉄道橋、トラス桁】

著者

赤井 翔太 生城 浩子 澤井 大樹 林 秀行 神谷 信夫 宮原 郁子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本ビタミン学会

雑誌

ビタミン (ISSN:0006386X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.7, pp.358-365, 2014

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Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde to L-homoserine. Homoserine dehydrogenase is required for the biosynthesis of the three essential amino acids, i.e. lysine, methionine, and isoleucine, from aspartic acid. This enzyme attracts attention also as a promising antifungal drug target. We have determined the crystal structures of homoserine dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 in both substrate-free form and homoserine-binding form by X-ray diffraction. Crystallization conditions were surveyed at 293 K by using a hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The substrate-free form was solved to 1.4 Å resolution and the homoserine-binding form was solved to 2.0 Å resolution. The homoserine dehydrogenase was a dimer with each subunit composed of three distinct domains, nucleotide-binding, dimerization, and substrate-binding domain. In the homoserine-binding forms, the amino group of homoserine made a hydrogen bond to the side chain carboxylate of Glu180. This hydrogen bond induced the conformation change of Thr165-Pro183 loop, which made the loop close to the active site. The substrate homoserine was rigidly recognized by several amino acid residues in the enzyme active site, indicating that Lys99 or Lys195 would be an essential catalytic residue to facilitate hydride transfer.

著者

石川県立農事試験場 編

出版者

石川県立農事試験場

巻号頁・発行日

vol.明治45年 大正元年度, 1923

著者

李 活雄 村島 健一郎

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.98-104, 2002-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper is concerned with how n-/l- (or r-) variation in loanwords among Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong takes place in different phonetic environments. Previous researches point out that the ongoing merger of n- into l- in a syllable initial position in Cantonese often has influences on the borrowing of words from other languages and the learning of foreign languages. For example, when they introduce English words into Cantonese, Cantonese speakers are likely to realise n- as l- like "notes" /nouts/ as [lok. si]. Our survey with 204 non-sense words written in Japanese hiragana, however, shows that there is no statistical significance between the percentage of errors of n- and l- (or r-) in any phonetic environment except when a nasal precedes r-. In that case, it is realised as n- significantly. The result may suggest that n-/l- (or r-) variation in loanwords among the Cantonese speakers occurs in a two-way manner, namely n- → l- and l- → n-, which is a new finding when compared with the previous researches.

著者

林 淑隆 獅々堀正幹 伊与田 敦 津田 和彦 青江 順一

雑誌

情報処理学会研究報告自然言語処理(NL)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.104, pp.63-70, 1994-11-17

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文献検索システムなどにおいて、キーワードをいかに効率良く、かつ正確に抽出するかは重要な課題である。本論文では、日本語文書においてキーワードとなることが多い複合語が、キーワード抽出の際に多大なマッチング処理を要することに着目し、複数キーワードのストリングパターンマッチングマシンの手法を応用した複合語キーワードの効率的な抽出法を提案する。本手法は、形態素解析部と複合語キーワード抽出マシンAC部、複合語キーワード候補マシンAC部からなる。14個の複合語文法構造と10個のキーワード評価ルールを定義し、26文書について実験評価を行った結果、形態素解析部を除く平均抽出速度は16.58ミリ秒、文書1KBあたり6.18ミリ秒の結果が得られ、本手法の有効性を確認した。また、抽出キーワードの選別で必要となる重なり語の抽出は、候補マシンACにより効率的に行えるので、利用者はこのマシンACに対する抽出ルールを決定することで、多種多様なキーワードを決定することが可能となる。Extracting keywords efficiently is an important task in text retrieval systems. In Japanese text, there are many compound words consisting some kinds of characters (Katakana, Kanji, etc.) and the text has no delimiter among words. Therefore, extracting keywords from such a text takes a lot of time. This paper presents a technique of detecting keywords from compound keywords by introducing a set of rules, which are conditions for keywords construction. A string pattern matching machine for a finit number of patterns is applied to matching of the rules and storing keyword candidates. From the simulation results for 26 Japanese text files that the algorithm presented has performed 6.2ms/KB.

著者

小川 剛生

出版者

中世文学会

雑誌

中世文学 (ISSN:05782376)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.25-34, 2009 (Released:2018-02-09)

著者

林 佳世子

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.74-109, 1988-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

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Immediately after the conquest of Byzantine Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453, the city began to be developed as the Ottoman capital, Istanbul. In order to discover the remaking process of Istanbul as an Islamic city, the documents concerning vakif (pious endowment) by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror have great importance, because his construction of some pious or charitable institutions (e.g. mosques, medreses and hospitals) and a number of markets were undertaken within the framework of the vakif system, which contributed remarkably to the reorganization of Istanbul. Therefore the study of vakfives (endowment deeds) and other account registers concerning his vakif should provide valuable information on the details of this process. It should be also noted that these documents contain valuable information about the topography of the city of that period, since vakif of Sultan Mehmed covered almost all the districts of walled Istanbul and Galata. In spite of their obvious significance, usage of these documents as historical sources has been quite limited up till now. One of the reasons for this condition must be the insufficiency of the textual critique of the documents, which appear in several manuscripts some of which show great differences. Since none of the vakfiye manuscripts has ever been investigated in detail, much less compared with each other, the relationship between these manuscripts has not been exactly explained, even though they have been used by many scholars without comprehending their real character. In this paper, I will attempt to compare these documents in detail and show how and when each vakfiye was compiled. This fundamental work should better enable them to be utilized as historical source materials. At present nine original or copied vakfiyes of Sultan Mehmed concerning with walled Istanbul and Galata are known in the archives in Turkey. These are; 1: Topukapi Sarayi Muzesi Kutuphanesi Hazine No.1808 (published by T. Oz in 1935) 2: Turk ve Islam Eserleri Muzesi No.2202-666 (published by O. Ergin in 1945) 3: Basbakanlik Osmanli Arsivi Ali Emiri Tasnifi Fatih No.63 4: Basbakanlik Osmanli Arsivi Ali Emiri Tasnifi Fatih No.71 5: Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Mudurlugu Yeni No.2199 6: Topukapi Sarayi Muzesi Arsivi E.7744-4 (published by T. Oz in 1935) 7: Turk ve Islam Eserleri Muzesi No.2182-646 8: Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Mudurlugu Yeni No.2166 9: Vakiflar Genel Mudurlugu Anadolu Defteri, Fatih Vakfiyesi (published by Vakiflar Umum Mudurlugu in 1938) As a result of the analysis of these vakfiyes and other registers of the vakif. the following points become clear. (1) The first assignment of Sultan Mehmed's vakif to the Ayasofya Mosque was made around 1456. It can be known that there were two groups of property assigned to that vakif. One group includes shops and kerbansarays, the construction of which began in 1456 according to Kritoboulos' chronicle. The other includes mukata'a (rent) of the houses which remained from the Byzantine period and were inhabited by immigrants into Istanbul. Examination of the vakif documents of Sultan Mehmed makes it clear that the assignment of the mukata'a of those houses to vakif is closely related to the survey of the city buildings carried out by Cubbe Ali in 1455 or 56. Although Dursun Bey and Asikpasazade wrote that the levy of mukata'a was given up immediately after the survey, vakfive No.2 and the register of 1489/90 show that a part of mukata'a remained in the vakif property. It should be noted, however, that the vakfiye made at the time of this assignment has not yet been found. (2) In 1463, construction of a new institutional complex called Fatih Imareti was begun. The complex contained a mosque, eight medreses, eight small medreses, a hospital and a traveler's hostel. Up to 1472-3, during the service of Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasa, only the great mosque (Fatih Cami'i) and the eight(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

神宮司庁古事類苑出版事務所 編

出版者

神宮司庁

巻号頁・発行日

vol.文学部1, 1914

著者

山田 保 山崎 恒宜 小川 邦生

出版者

千葉大学

雑誌

千葉大学教育学部研究紀要 (ISSN:05776856)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.144-169, 1967-06-30

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The present experiment was carried out in order to clarify the exact nature of hypertrophic causal substance, secreted by the fungus of "witches'-broom", Taphrina cerasi, of the cherry tree. To accomplish this, the authors isolated and purely cultured the fungus. This paper has dealt mainly with the fundmental morphological and cultural properties and products of the fungus. 1. Fungus was collected from specimens obtained from diseased leaves of Primus yedoensis Matsum., at Nishichiba near Tokyo, in April 1964. 2. The fungus was isolated and purely cultured after being suspended in 0.5% CuSo_4 solution for 30 minutes. In all, 10 stocks were obtained. 3. Through the precise experimental procedure applied to the cultural properties of these 10 stocks, they were identified as T. cerasi including a and b strains. 4. It was further found that in the b-strain there are two types, namely, the sporogenesis and the mycelial ; the former propagates, mainly by the division of spores with almost no hyphal development while the latter growsconsiderable hyphae and small numbers of spores are produced laterally to the hyphae. 5. The fungus grew well on potato, synthetic, and cherry leaf-extract media and developed substrate and aerial mycelia. Carbon, phosphate, and potassium were essential elements for the growth of the fungi. 6. Initially the color of a colony was pink, but according to the lapse of the culture duration it changed to black. This constitutes one of the remarkable characteristics of the fungus. That the blackened parts consisted of a considerable number of macrospores constituted another unique characteristic. 7. A close relationship existed between the growth of fungi and the PH-value of the culture medium. In general, a favorable growth was achieved in weak acidity, the optimum being pH 5-6, while no growth was observed at pH 1-2. 8. When a single constituent element was excluded from the basic medium respectively, the growth of fungi became inferior in the order of excluded element as follows : Mg, Fe, N, K, P, and C. 9. No clear zone was observed against Coccus and Bacillus in antagonistic experiments. From this fact it may be concluded that the fungus does not produce any kind of antibiotics. 10. An antagonistic reaction was found to exist between the two strains (a and b) of T. cerasi. This was demonstrated by the fact that a clear zone remained between colonies of a and b strains when grown in proximity on the same medium. 11. Detection of fungous products was carried out using a synthetic fluid medium. The bioassay was applied to the rice seedlings using the lamina joint test, and a substance which proved to be IAA was detected. 12. By chemical procedures the presence of succinic acid and other organic acids were also found in the culture fluid. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Mr. S. Ishida for his cooperation, and to Mr. Harrison R. S. Davis, President of the Japan Christian Junior College, for his kind revision of the manuscript. They are also indebted to Dr. K. Suzuki, Assistant Professor of Chiba University, for his proof-reading.

著者

濵田 洋輔

出版者

日本倫理学会 ; 1952-

雑誌

倫理学年報 = Annuals of ethics (ISSN:04830830)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.233-246, 2018

著者

Eiji Kawasaki

出版者

The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology

雑誌

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology (ISSN:09185739)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.99-105, 2014 (Released:2014-11-06)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

26 95

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the autoimmune response against pancreatic β cells. T1D is often complicated with other autoimmune diseases, and anti-islet autoantibodies precede the clinical onset of disease. The most common coexisting organ-specific autoimmune disease in patients with T1D is autoimmune thyroid disease, and its frequency is estimated at > 90% among patients with T1D and autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in children with T1D at disease onset is about 20% and is particularly common in girls. Furthermore, patients with anti-thyroid antibodies are 18 times more likely to develop thyroid disease than patients without anti-thyroid antibodies. Therefore, for early detection of autoimmune thyroid disease in children with T1D, measurement of anti-thyroid antibodies and TSH at T1D onset and in yearly intervals after the age of 12 yr is recommended. Anti-islet autoantibodies are predictive and diagnostic markers for T1D. The most frequently detected autoantibodies in Japanese patients are GAD autoantibodies (~80%) followed by IA-2 autoantibodies (~60%), insulin autoantibodies (~55%) and ZnT8 autoantibodies (~50%). In a combined analysis, 94% of Japanese patients with T1D can be defined as having type 1A diabetes. Furthermore, autoantibodies to ZnT8 and IA-2 are associated with childhood-onset and acute-onset patients. Thus, it is important to develop a diagnostic strategy for patients with type 1A diabetes in consideration of the age or mode of disease onset.

著者

田中 昌一郎 粟田 卓也 島田 朗 村尾 敏 丸山 太郎 鴨井 久司 川崎 英二 中西 幸二 永田 正男 藤井 寿美枝 池上 博司 今川 彰久 内潟 安子 大久保 実 大澤 春彦 梶尾 裕 川口 章夫 川畑 由美子 佐藤 譲 清水 一紀 高橋 和眞 牧野 英一 三浦 順之助 花房 俊昭 小林 哲郎 日本糖尿病学会1型糖尿病調査研究委員会

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.65-75, 2011 (Released:2011-03-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

8

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日本糖尿病学会1型糖尿病調査研究委員会の緩徐進行1型糖尿病分科会(旧日本糖尿病学会緩徐進行1型糖尿病調査委員会)では委員会委員の所属する施設において発症から5年以内の新規受診糖尿病687例を前向き(2004年4月~2009年12月)に登録し膵島関連自己抗体(glutamic acid decarboxylase[GAD]抗体,insulinoma-associated protein 2[IA-2]抗体およびinsulin autoantibodies[IAA])の測定を行った.2型糖尿病と思われる症例で膵島関連自己抗体が一種でも陽性の場合には緩徐進行1型糖尿病:slowly progressive IDDM(以下SPIDDM)と病型区分した.その結果,1)2型糖尿病と思われる症例の10%(49/474, 95%信頼区間:8-13%)にSPIDDMが認められた.2)膵島関連自己抗体陰性の2型糖尿病に比しSPIDDM例の自己免疫性甲状腺疾患の合併頻度,HbA1c値,初診時のインスリン治療の頻度は有意に高く,BMIは有意に低かった.3)SPIDDMではGAD抗体の頻度(69%,34/49)はIA-2抗体の頻度(39%,19/49)やIAA(29%,14/44)の頻度に比し有意に高かった.4)SPIDDMでは急性発症1型糖尿病に比し膵島関連自己抗体の単独陽性例が高頻度だった.以上の結果から2型糖尿病と思われる症例に高頻度にSPIDDM症例が含まれる可能性があること,SPIDDMは2型糖尿病や急性発症1型糖尿病と異なる臨床的特徴を呈することが全国規模調査で明らかとなった.

著者

植田 重雄

出版者

早稲田商学同攻会

雑誌

早稲田商学=The Waseda commercial review (ISSN:03873404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.276号, pp.51-106, 1978-12

著者

池田 光義

出版者

一橋大学

雑誌

一橋論叢 (ISSN:00182818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.1, pp.117-136, 1988-07-01

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論文タイプ||論説

著者

吉川 貫一

出版者

松蔭女子学院大学

雑誌

文林 = Bunrin (ISSN:02886170)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.91-111, 1969-03-20

著者

土井 文博

出版者

熊本学園大学

雑誌

社会関係研究 (ISSN:13410237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.165-188, 2003-03