著者

山田 創一

出版者

山梨学院大学

雑誌

山梨学院大学法学論集 (ISSN:03876160)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.241-271, 1999-02-26

著者

高階 經和 山科 章

出版者

Japan Heart Foundation

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.691-697, 2012

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いまやプロ野球界では世界的に有名になったマリナーズのイチロー選手ですが,循環器教育領域でイチローといえば,誰もが知っている,すぐれた心臓病患者シミュレータ「イチロー」のことです.それはまだ野球のイチロー選手がデビューする前に,制作者である高階經和先生によってこのシミュレータに名付けられたものでした.<BR> 今回は,臨床だけでなく循環器医学教育にも大きな影響を及ぼした高階先生をゲストに,医師であった父のことやアメリカでの恩師との出会い,イチローの誕生と医学教育について,さまざまなお話をおうかがいしました.

著者

村上 祐介

出版者

日本教育行政学会

雑誌

日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.70-86, 2015 (Released:2019-03-20)

参考文献数

23

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This article examines issues regarding the reform of Japan's board of education system, and the new system in terms of the expertise of the educational administration. This paper focuses on the expertise of the educational administration as it relates to general administrative jobs.The findings of this paper are as follows. First, the distrust surrounding the expertise of Japan's educational administration has caused the reform of the board of education system. The discussion regarding the reform included arguments about the reinforcement of political control for the educational administration; however, I did not discuss how we could improve the expertise of the educational administration and restore the trust of the educational administration. In the new board of education system, the problems faced by the bureau of the board of education and issues concerning the expertise of the educational administration still remain unresolved.Second, it is important to examine the expertise required for general administrative jobs. In the field of education reform, there are many professional members of staff in the office. When we discuss the expertise of educational administration, we often focus on the expertise of the professional personnel, for example, superintendents or school education supervisors, etc. There are a large number of general administrative staff members in the bureaus of the board of education; however, nobody has analyzed their expertise in educational administration.Political and market control are often used to govern educational administration and schools, as well as bureaucracy. These controls sometimes influence education policies and practices; however, they often create confusion for schools, teachers, parents, and pupils. Educational bureaus require self-directing governance, and the role of general administrative jobs in the board of education is important to prevent professional personnel from being self-serving and self-enclosed.Third, this study examines how local governments in Japan hire and transfer general administrative personnel in the bureaus of the board of education. The results revealed that about a sixth of the prefectures hire general administrative staff personnel in the bureaus of the board of education separately from the governor's offices. Many of the local governments hire general administrative staff personnel in the bureaus of the board of education and the governor's office together.In the latter case, a few prefectures or big cities make some general administrative staff members put the bureaus of the board of education for many years and make them experts on educational administration. However, almost all local governments keep transferring general administrative staff members in the short term.We have little knowledge about how general administrative staff members improve their expertise in a specific area. Especially in the field of policies, which includes several professions, the expertise of the general administrative staff members tends to be underestimated. We have to conduct research on the expertise of general administrative jobs.

著者

伊庭可笑 作

出版者

[村田屋次郎兵衛]

巻号頁・発行日

1781

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.855, pp.27-29, 1996-09-02

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相撲部屋の巨額な所得申告漏れは,どうして起きたのだろう。金券ショップには,どうしていつも売る商品があるのだろう。「会社のおカネ」は,盛り場やゴルフ場だけに流れているわけではない。今年7月,大相撲の二子山親方(元大関貴ノ花)が東京国税局の税務調査を受け,1995年までの3年間で総額3億円の申告漏れを指摘されて修正申告した。

著者

一条兼良 詞書

出版者

写

著者

金 有洙 国友 宏渉 小林 秀一 守能 信次

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, 1990

著者

中山 明俊

出版者

紀尾井生涯学習研究所

雑誌

生涯学習フォーラム (ISSN:13431005)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.41-55, 2001-03-31

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネスassocie (ISSN:13472844)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.16, pp.36-39, 2009-08-04

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日本人アスリートの中で、最も本番に強い人は誰かと聞かれたら、野球選手のイチローを挙げる人は多いはず。今年3月に行われたワールド・ベースボール・クラシック(WBC)決勝戦の最終打席でヒットを打ち、日本を優勝に導いた。それまでの打席で調子が悪かっただけに、テレビの前の視聴者に強烈な印象を与えた。

著者

日比谷 紀之 梶浦 欣二郎

出版者

日本海洋学会

雑誌

日本海洋学会誌 (ISSN:00298131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.172-182, 1982-07-25 (Released:2011-06-17)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

13 195

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長崎湾内で通例は冬期にしばしば見られるあびきが, 1979年3月31日に長崎海洋気象台観測史上最大の規模で発生した.これを例として, 数値シミュレーションを行ない, その発生機構について, 定量的な考察を試みた.その結果, 湾内の顕著な振動 (長崎験潮所で最大潮位差278cmを記録) は, 東シナ海を, ほぼ東向きに, 約110kmh-1の速度で進行した振幅約3mbの気圧波によっておこされたとすれば説明できることがわかった。また, その発生の過程については,1) 東シナ海大陸棚上での気圧波との共鳴的カップリングによる海洋長波の振幅10cmに及ぶ増幅3) 長崎湾内での浅水増幅および反射干渉による増幅;3) 長崎湾の固有振動系と, 五島灘領域の振動系との干渉による共鳴増幅効果など, 数段階の増幅作用が絡んでおり, これらによって生成された約35分周期の一連の波によって, 同湾の固有周期に相当する36分および23分周期で共鳴的に増幅されたことが, 定量的に結論づけられた。

著者

北村 正樹

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科展望会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科展望 (ISSN:03869687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.118-120, 2011 (Released:2012-04-15)

参考文献数

4

著者

吉本 美佳

出版者

名古屋外国語大学

雑誌

名古屋外国語大学外国語学部紀要 (ISSN:13479911)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.49-61, 2015-08

著者

神谷 敏郎

出版者

中央公論社

雑誌

自然 (ISSN:03870014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.6, pp.p45-53, 1980-06

著者

中島 弘二

出版者

金沢大学

雑誌

金沢大学文学部論集. 史学・考古学・地理学篇 (ISSN:13424270)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.77-94, 2008-03-25

被引用文献数

2

著者

前田 至剛

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.53-68,127, 2011

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This paper aims to clarify the formation and characteristics of new Internet-related self-help activities for people who suffer from mental illnesses. First, these activities are not organized by existing self-help groups outside the Internet; and secondly, the relationship between the participants is very fluid. The participants use the Internet as a tool to contact each other without having recourse to any sort of intermediary services such as medical and welfare agencies. They themselves select people with whom to talk, and decide what to do at their own discretion. When starting such activities, it may happen that they do not trust each other at first, because their communication starts with anonymous Internet BBS on which verbal abuse and aspersions are posted frequently. But if they manage to hit it off with other people at offline meetings planned online anonymously, it becomes a precious experience for them in creating new intimate relationships that - among other things - might prevent the participants from committing suicide. They encourage each other, relieve their loneliness, and help each other to live with, and to manage, their illnesses. However,if these intimate relationships develop into a fixed relationship, then that may create a greater risk of trouble. In such cases, people tend to return to anonymous online communications as a sort of risk aversion. On the other hand, this also gives them another chance for precious experiences in finding a kindred spirit among other participants. Such activities create opportunities for socially vulnerable people to maintain their self-identity as a kind of reflexive project such as is imposed on all people in individualized societies, along with a chance for risk aversion among peer helpers. In this way, they use the Internet to enhance their discretionary power to continue self-help activities.

著者

梶田 真

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.5, pp.423-442, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

101

被引用文献数

1

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Between the 1990s and 2000s, Anglophone researchers engaged in active discussions concerning policy relevance, the so-called ‘policy (re)turn’ debate. This debate occurred almost exclusively among academics, or what might be termed ‘pure’ geographers, and lacked participation from applied geographers and practitioners. This paper seeks to clarify the nature of these debates in the field of applied geography. Furthermore, this work examines relationships between applied geographers, so-called geographic practitioners, and “pure” geographers as well as academic establishments in the Anglophone world, especially in the United States, since the 1970s.First, this paper traces developmental processes within the field of applied geography since the early 1970s. In contrast to the pattern in Europe, within American academia applied geography lost vigor because of the strong theoretical focus that gained popularity in the discipline. This shift might be termed the rise of the ‘new geography’ within American academia. Additionally, another factor was a growing demand for positions at the level of university teaching staff owing to postwar economic prosperity and the entrance of baby boomers to university.There was, however, a resurgence of applied geography shortly after this initial decline of practical studies in favor of theoretical research. Following the relevance debate and the decrease of student enrollment within the field, applied geography began to once again gain popularity in the 1970s. These changes in the discipline were mainly brought about by state universities. These institutions were highly dependent on state subsidies and were therefore also governed by state policy. The geographical academies also pushed for the development of the field of applied geography. The Applied Geography Specialty Group (AGSG) and the James R. Anderson Medal of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) were established for distinguished applied geographers. Academic journals such as Applied Geography were also launched in the early 1980s.Since the 1990s, there has been a rise in geographical information technologies such as geographic information systems (GISs) and remote sensing. Owing to the popularization of the field through technological developments, an interest in geography was developed outside of the academic discipline. Following this development in the discipline, the National Research Council (NRC) published two documents, Rediscovering geography (NRC, 1997) and Understanding the changing planet (NRC, 2011). These reports emphasized the relevance and applied aspects of geography.However, academic studies in applied geography did not flourish in comparison with institutionalized progress within the field. Academic journals and sections of journals allotted to applied geography stagnated or were discontinued. Results taken from a citation analysis of journals such as Applied Geography and other key human geography journals demonstrate a lack of interaction between ‘pure’ geographers and applied geographers.This paper further discusses relationships between ‘pure’ geographers and academic establishments within the discipline of geography. ‘Pure’ geographers tended to criticize applied geographers for their lack of theoretical and philosophical grounding. They further critiqued applied geographers as free riders of geographical methodologies who made little contribution to their evolution. ‘Critical turn’ movements in geography led ‘pure’ geographers to exclusively concentrate their interests even further on thoughts and concepts in methodology with a philosophical background. Owing to these debates, these scholars asked applied geographers to reconsider the foundations of their research area and the relevant questions.[View PDF for the rest of the abstract.]

著者

土井 隆義

出版者

日本犯罪社会学会

雑誌

犯罪社会学研究 (ISSN:0386460X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.102-121, 1988 (Released:2017-03-30)

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This paper studies the mechanism of the construction of an offender's motive during criminal investigation and prosecution as a statement by which to interpret his acts. Motives are constructed after the fact as interpretations of acts and are attributed to the actor. The criminal investigation and prosecution process adapts concrete offenses to abstract categories of crime. This process is a public ex post facto interpretation of offensive acts. Therefore an offender's motive is constructed during the criminal proceedings and is attributed to him. In other words, an offender's motive is not a psychological fact which existed at the empirical scene of the crime, but a product which is spun out of the communication between a representative of authority and a deviant actor. From this standpoint, the suspect's confession, the report of the criminal investigation and the trial in criminal court are analyzed. As an actor is an interpreter of his own acts, the confession of a motive by a suspect must be viewed not as venting a pre-existing psychological fact but as an attempt to account for his offensive conduct. This work is done under the case-solving-frame furnished by the investigator in the interrogation process, so the statement of motive constructed in this situation is constrained by the view of the authorities. Furthermore, the statement of motive fixed in the report of the investigation cannot be reduced to the suspect's past mental state at the scene of the crime, because the spoken words in the confession are transformed into written words in the report, and the information is limited by this conversion. Therefore the verdict in court is given not to the act itself but to the concept which was granted to it during the investigation. Since the offender's motive does not belong to the past empirical world, this verdict is actually a technical simplification of the multiple reality of the crime. The work of achieving a verdict is also a search for the motive of the suspect according to 'taken-for-granted ideas.' Thus the offender, an object attributed a deviant motive, comes to be categorized as the anonymous person type "criminal."

著者

白 玉冬

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 : 東洋文庫和文紀要 (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.3, pp.384-360, 2015-12

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The success of the Tang Dynasty in quelling the Huang Chao 黄巣 Rebellion (875-884) was in large part made possible by the contingent of Shatuo 沙陀 Turks and Tatars 達靼 led by Shatuo warlord Li Keyong 李克用, whose son, Li Cunzu 李存勗, would found the Later Tang polity of the Five Dynasties Period. The close relationships that would exist between the Later Tang Dynasty and the Tatar settlements in the north Gobi Desert at the beginning of the 10th century dates back at least to 878, when Li Keyong along with his father Li Guochang raised their own rebellion against the Tang Dynasty, were defeated and took refuge among the Tatar tribes. The purpose of this article is to trace the origins of the Tatars who interacted with the Shatuo warlords during the final years of the Tang Dynasty, by discussing the Nine Tatars settled in the northern Gobi. To begin with, the author points to a letter written by Li Keyong to his arch-enemy Zhu Quanzhong 朱全忠, in which we discover the existence of a tribal settlement in Yinshan 陰山, which Li refers to as Yiqin 懿親. A review of the use of "Yinshan" in the Tang Period sources, mainly epitaphs mentioning people of Turkic descent, shows that while 1) Yinshan could refer to the present day Yinshan and Tianshan mountain ranges of the southern Gobi Desert, there is also its use as 2) a synonym for all of northern China and 3) possible reference to Ötükän yïš 于都斤山 (the Khangai Mountains of central Mongolia) in the northern Gobi. The problem is 1) that there is no record of Tatar (Shiwei 室韋 in the Tang records) settlements in the Yinshan Mts, and the fact that the Yinshan region, being a mixed agricultural-pastoral area, played only a peripheral role in the nomadic states of the period, meaning that the only region capable of spawning large powerful nomadic organizations was the northern Gobi. Consequently, the author reasons that the migration of Tatar tribes into the central Mongolian steppe around the time of the collapse of the Eastern Uighur Khanate must have included at least one part of the Nine Tatars, the Kelie 克烈 (the Kereyids), settling there during the latter part of the 9th century. The Yuanshi's 元史 biography of Suge 速哥 describes the Kereyids as matrilineal kin to the "Li Tang", a polity which should be interpreted as the Later Tang Dynasty, which the Shatuo Li Family claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Tang Dynasty. And if so, the Kereyids correspond to Li Keyong's Yiqin settlement. The author concludes that the Tatars who protected Li Keyong and his father in exile, then fought beside the Shatuo warlord in the counterinsurgency effort against Huang Chao were in fact the Nine Tatars of mainland Mongolia, or least one contingent thereof i.e., the Kereyids. Therefore, the history of Mongolia around the 10th century becomes closely connected to the development of the dynasties in mainland China and thus constitutes an indispensable part of eastern Eurasian history.

著者

山脇 成人 岡田 剛

出版者

広島大学

雑誌

特定領域研究

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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昨年度までの検討で、reward delay impulsivityにおけるセロトニンの役割が明らかになった一方で、うつ病患者を対象にこれまでの課題を行ったところ、理解力不足や注意の持続が困難であることより解析モデルにフィットせず、広く臨床に用いることができる簡易版報酬予測課題を作成しさらに検討を進める必要があった。本年度は、簡易報酬予測課題の基礎検討((1)fMRI計測では個人ごとに計算されたγの値が大きいほど報酬予測値に関連した脳活動のピークが背側に位置している、(2)計算されたγの値が低いほど抑うつ尺度の得点が高い、などの結果が得られた)を経て、簡易版報酬予測課題、質問形式の遅延割引課題、rapid response impulsivityに関連した報酬・罰GO/NOGO課題と脳内セロトニン濃度変化との関連を検討した。その際、脳内セロトニン濃度と合わせて、衝動性に関与する重要な要因と考えられるセロトニン受容体の遺伝子多型やパーソナリティーの特徴(TCIおよびNEO-FFIで評価)も個人差として考慮した。その結果、(1)簡易報酬予課題において、セロトニン欠乏時におけるdiscount factor;γの低下(reward delay impulsivityの上昇)が個人の性格特性と関連していること、(2)報酬・罰GO/NOGO課題において、セロトニン2A受容体のAA型ではG carrierと比較してrapid response impulsivityが高く、その傾向はセロトニン欠乏時により顕著となること、(3)質問紙形式の遅延報酬選択課題においては、セロトニン欠乏時に将来予測される損失が割り引いて評価されること、などが明らかとなった。今回衝動性におけるセロトニンの役割を多面的かっ個人差にも注目して検討できたことは、様々な衝動性を有する精神疾患の病態解明を進める上でも非常に有意義であった。

著者

小泉悠

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.(月刊版. 274-1), 2018-01

被引用文献数

7